본 연구는 조사료 원료인 마늘 껍질의 사료적 가치와 메탄 발생량을 조사하기 위해 in vitro 발효 실험을 수행하였다. Garlic husk를 제외하고 국내에서 널리 사용되는 4가지 조사료 원료(Oat hay, Annual ryegrass, Timothy, Tall fescue)를 실험의 처리구로 구성하였다. In vitro 48 시간 발효 후 건물 소화율, 섬유소 소화율, 암모니아태 질소, 휘발성 지방산, pH, 메탄 발생량을 평가하였다. 가스 발생량은 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36 및 48 시간에 각각 측정되었다. 최종 가스 발생량에서 Oat hay가 유의적으로 가장 높았다(p<0.01). Garlic husk는 처리구 중 가장 높은 메탄 발생량을 나타내었다(p<0.01). Garlic husk의 건물 소화율은 Oat hay보다 유의적으로 낮았지만 Annual ryegrass, Timothy, Tall fescue보다 높았다(p<0.01). 섬유소 소화율은 Annual ryegrass에서 가장 낮았다(p<0.01). 총 휘발성 지방산 생성량은 Oat hay에서 가장 높았고(p<0.01), Garlic husk, Timothy, Tall fescue는 유사하였다. 본 연구의 in vitro 발효 성상과 메탄 발생량을 고려할 때, Garlic husk는 국내 주요 조사료를 대체할 영양적 가치를 포함하고 있으나 메탄 저감 효과는 미미할 것으로 추정된다.

A winter forage tetraploid rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivar, ‘Daegokgreen’, was developed at the Department of Central Area Crop Science, NICS, RDA in 2016. The mutant line ‘CG11003-8-B’, which was induced from rye cultivar ‘Gogu’ (diploid) by colchicine treatment, was selected for its excellent agronomic performance and was placed in preliminary yield trials for one year, 2013. The line was designated “Homil59” and was tested for regional yield trials at the four locations in Korea from 2014 to 2016. Finally, the new cultivar was named as the ‘Daegokgreen’ (grant number 8274). The leaf of cultivar ‘Daegokgreen’ is wide, long and dark-green color. The cultivar also has a big-size grain with light-brown color. The heading date of cultivar ‘Daegokgreen’ was April 17 which was 2 days later than that of check cultivar ‘Gogu’. The tolerance to cold and wet injury, and resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust of the new cultivar were similar to those of the check cultivar but the resistance to the lodging of the new cultivar was stronger than that of the check. The average roughage fresh and dry matter yield of the new cultivar after 10 days from heading were 37.0 and 7.7 MT ha-1, respectively, which were similar to those (38.4 and 8.0 MT ha-1) of the check cultivar. The roughage quality of ‘Daegokgreen’ was higher in crude protein content (8.9%) than that of the check cultivar (7.9%), while was similar to the check in total digestible nutrients (56.9%). This cultivar is recommended for fall sowing forage crops at all of crop cultivation areas in Korea.

본 연구는 흑염소 사육을 활성화하고 경영의 효율성을 높일 수 있는 산지초지의 활용성 제고를 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 우리나라 흑염소 방목 이용 농가(20호)에 대한 실태조사를 실시하였다. 야초지로 이루어진 방목지의 경우 계절별 초지 생산성이 여름에 가장 높았으며(p<0.05), 봄철과 가을철에는 급격하게 저하되었다. 반면 목초지로 이루어진 방목지의 초지 생산성은 봄철에 가장 높은 생산성을 나타냈으며 가을철에 생산성이 다소 저하(p<0.05)되긴 하였지만, 대체적으로 계절별 생산성의 차이가 야초지 방목지에 비해 완만하여 비교적 안정적인 생산성을 나타내고 있었다. 계절별 방목지 초지의 사료가치 비교 결과 목초지의 경우 계절에 상관없이 안정적인 건물함량을 나타냈고, 야초지는 봄에서 가을로 갈수록 건물함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 조단백질 함량은 목초지의 경우만 가을철에 증가하였고(p<0.05), 야초지의 경우에는 봄에 비해 여름과 가을에 감소하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 목초지의 경우 야초지에 비해 상대적으로 조지방 함량은 높고 조섬유소 함량은 낮은 경향을 나타냈다. 계절에 따른 농장별 흑염소의 일당증체량은 농장별 초지 생산성 및 초지관리 기술에 따라 다양한 차이가 나타났다. 결과적으로 흑염소 사육의 활성화와 경영의 효율을 높이기 위하여 방목 야초지를 우수한 사료가치를 가지고 있을 뿐 아니라 계절별 생산성의 변화도 적은 방목 목초지로 갱신 및 조성을 해 나가야 할 필요성이 있으며, 산지초지의 효율적 이용을 위해서 초지관리 기술의 메뉴얼화와 보급으로 초지 생산성의 개선을 추구할 수 있는 방안이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

이 연구는 남부지역 논에서 동계 사료맥류, 하계 조생종 벼, 추계 하파귀리 등 삼모작 재배기술을 확립하기 위해실시하였다. 월동 사료작물을 조생종 벼인 조평벼의 이앙시기에 맞춰 4월 30일 1차 수확한 처리구와 사료맥류의 수확기인 5월 30일에 수확한 처리구 모두 곡우호밀이 각각 생초수량 32.0톤/ha과 42.3톤/ha, 건물수량이 5.8톤/ha과 16.5톤/ha로 다른 작물에 비해 높은 수량을 보였다. 하계 조평벼는 5월 6일에 1차 이앙한 처리구보다 6월 4일에 2차 이앙한 처리구에서 등숙비율이 떨어지고 수량도 약 22% 감소하여 조기 이앙이 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 틈새작물로 재배한 하이스피드 귀리는 8월 28일에 1차 파종한 귀리는 10월 10일에 출수하였지만 9월 2일에 입모중으로 2차 파종한 귀리는 출수도 하지 못하였으며 1차 파종에 비해 건물수량과 TDN 수량 모두 50%를 못 미치는 결과를 나타내어 파종이 빠를수록 유리한 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 남부지역에서 삼모작을 하기 위해서는 호밀을 재배하여 4월 30일 전에 수확한 후 조평벼의 조기 이앙과 하이스피드 귀리의 적기 파종이 쌀 수량과 조사료 수량 확보에 유리한 것으로 사료되었다.

A field experiment was conducted to develop a no-herbicide cropping system of high protein forage. The first crop of winter ㏊bit Italian ryegrass sown in early-April produced DM yield of 4.5t/㏊ (crude protein content: 13.5%) in mid-June and the succeeding crop of soybean no-till planted into ryegrass produced DM yield of 5.1t/㏊ (crude protein content: 19.7%) in Late-October. In this cropping system, the ryegrass remained in vegetative phase during all cropping season and formed dense sod. This sod functioned as living mulch and suppressed weeds without herbicide application both during ryegrass and soybean cropping. Though the soybean germinated under the canopy of regrowing ryegrass sod, its growth was scarcely depressed by the canopy s㏊de because the seedling of soybean appeared above the canopy of sod in a few days. Contrariwise, the ryegrass was gradually shaded by the soybean and ㏊d died before October harvest. The degree of weed suppression by the ryegrass living mulch varied with seeding rate of ryegrass or weed pressure in the field. The optimum seeding rate to suppress weed was 50㎏/㏊ in the field with low or medium weed pressure and was 80 ㎏/㏊ in the field with high weed pressure.

Forage production and water use efficiency (WUE) of Lucerne were investigated in three varieties at different water availabilities. Forage production decreased with the severity of soil water availability. At 50% field water capacity (FWC), forage production dropped but in two varieties, Algonquin and Longdong, was still high and from 75%FWC to 50%FWC, forage production in Longdong decreased at the least rate. The greatest leaf WUE was observed in Longdong at all soil water availabilities. From 75%FWC to 50%FWC, it increased in Longdong and Xinjiangdaye, but decreased in Algonquin. With the severity of water deficit, δ¹³C value increased in all three varieties. At the same water availability, the greatest value was observed in Longdong. It suggested that moderate water stress can improve WUE in Lucerne. Longdong is to some extent more efficient in water use and may be more drought-tolerant with more steady production at moderate water deficit.

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate growth characteristics, forage production and crude protein yield according to cutting time of Soghum Sudangrass Hybrid, and decide ideal harvesting time for use of soiling and silage. Experiment design was arr

‘Yuyeon’, a new ruminant-palatable barley cultivar, was developed from the cross between ‘Suwon311’ and SB86648〔CMB81A-2149 / Saeolbori // Buheung / Gangbori / 5 / Bera-olbori / Horisee-Buheung // bengei / 3 / Olbori-Daechi-Hagane / 4 / T.beared〕by the Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI), NICS, RDA in 2006. Among the cross made in 1996, a promising line, SB961012-B-B-1, showed good characteristics in potential forage yield in the yield trial tested in Suwon in 2001. In 2004, it was designated as ‘Suwon 406’ and placed in regional yield trials at five locations around Korea for three years from 2004 to 2006, and was released as the name of ‘Yuyeon’. It belong to maturity group Ⅲ and shows erect leaf type and compact spike with types of hoods. Its heading date was Apr. 27, which was 2 days earlier than that of the check cultivar ‘Olbori’ (‘Sunwoo’), and early dough stage, which was May. 30 which was same date of that of the check cultivar. ‘Yuyeon’ showed weaker winter hardiness, but better resistance to lodging, shattering and BaYMV than those of check cultivar. It showed higher crude protein content, grade of silage quality than those of check cultivar. The average forage yield in the regional yield trial was 10.47 MT/ha, which was 1% lower than that of the check cultivar. Cattles fed with silage from ‘Yuyeon’ (hood type) showed higher feed concentrate requirement (12.9 kg/day/body) and daily weight gain (1.46 kg/day) than those of cattles fed with silage from ‘Olbori’ (rough awn). This cultivar would be suitable for the area whose daily minimum temperature was above -8℃ in January in Korean peninsula.

A ruminant-palatable barley cultivar, Soman (Hordeum vulgare L.), with early maturing, high silage quality and high yield, was developed from the cross between SB79124〔Bengei-Ginomeo-Buheung-Morsen-Hagane/Gangbori〕and SB77189 〔Samjug/Riso82//Olbori〕in 1994. A promising line “SB941067-B-B-B-45” was selected in 1998. It performed well in the preliminary and advanced yield trials for two years from 2002 to 2003. The line was designated ‘Suwon 404’ through the regional yield trials (RYT) at six sites for three years from 2004 to 2006. Its growth habit was winter type (Ⅲ) with greenish leaves, medium culm and compact density of spike setting. Its heading date and early dough stage were Apr. 23 and May 26 respectively, which were 6 days earlier than those of check cultivar ‘Olbori’. ‘Soman’ showed weaker winter hardiness, but better resistance to lodging, shattering, and BaYMV (Barley yellow mosaic virus) than those of check cultivar ‘Sunwoo’. It showed 1.7% higher TDN content on whole-crop-silage than that of check cultivar ‘Sunwoo’. Its average of forage yield in regional yield trials was 10.31 MT/ha, which was 4% higher than that of the check cultivar.

A new barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) cultivar ‘Wooho’ was developed by Honam National Agricultural Research Institute (HARI) in 2005. It had good forage characteristics (smooth awn) and showed high forage production in the 5 locations of paddy field. ‘Wooho’ was developed from the cross between SB87125〔Oweol//(SB77011)/SB79124 (Bengei//Hagane/ Bunong) ///Y7213-SD607-CM67-Milyang12〕and SB83024 (1012.2-IB65/Ol//Samheung/Suwon18-Gang) made in 1994. Subsequent selections were made throuhg bulked and pedigree selection methods. SB94104-B-B-B-B-79 was selected for smooth awn and agronomic performance in 2001 and placed in preliminary yield trial. In 2003, it was designated as ‘Suwon 396’ and performed regional yield trials. The average forage yield of ‘Wooho’ were 11.0 MT/ha and 10.9 MT/ha at May 20 and drought stage, respectively. The shattering rate of ‘Wooho’ was lower than that of ‘Ol’. It showed superior forage quality to the check variety when harvest early drought stage. ‘Wooho’ would be recommended as a cultivar of barley for whole crop forage with smooth awn.

Major characteristics of new Waesungri maize inbred line has multi-tiller and ears: five to six tillers and seven to eight ears per plant and flowering date of Waesungri was delayed about 18 and 24 days compared to Mo17 U.S line and IK4 Korean local lines, respectively. Number of ears, fresh and dry weight per plant were significantly different among all tested hybrids including Waesungri/Sinkihong hybrid under different planting times and densities. Especially, both fresh and dry weight of IK1/FR140//Waesungri F1hybrid were significantly higher at high planting density. In kernel weight per unit area, Wnesungri/Sinkihong hybrid was high at high density and IK1/FR140//Waesungri hybrid was high at low planting density. As results of analysis of variance, flowering date was shown a significantly different both planting times and varieties, while other characters including stem height were shown very variable in interactions with enviromental factors.

질소시비에 대한 sudangrass의 생장 및 수량반응과 질소이용성에 관한 정보를 얻기 위해 서울대 농대 실험농장에서 품종 ‘Piper’ sudan을 파종하고 년간 100, 200, 400, 800kg/ha 수준의 질소비료를 시용하여 1979년과 1980년에 반복실험을 실시한 바 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 질소증시에 의한 엽면적과 건물중은 1979년 400kg.N/ha.year, 1980년 800kg.N/ha.year수준까지 계속 증가하였으며 저온과 일사량의 부족으로 1980년의 건물수량은 1979년에 비하여 대체로 낮았다. 2. 엽면적지수(LAI)가 증가함에 따라 작물생장속도(CGR)은 정의 직선회귀를 보였다. 3. 질소의 증시에 따라 체내 전질소함량은 증가하는 경향이었으나 각재생기별로 최고수준은 달랐으며 전질소함량은 차이가 크게 났다. 아울러 NO3 N 함량은 800kg.N/ha.year 수준에서 급격히 증가하여 중독을 유발하는 위험수준을 초과하였다. 4. 지상부 식물체에 의한 질소회수율은 평균 34%에 불과하였고 시비수준에 따른 경향은 명백하지 않았다. 5. Sudangrass는 고온.다조 조건에서 순동화속도(NAR)가 증가되었고 단위질소시용량당 건물생산량으로 표시된 질소시용 효율은 향상되었다.