In recent years there has been a drop in the percentage of male teachers. The gender disparity is evidenced in many primary and secondary schools in Nigeria. This article is set to ascertain the nature of gender disparity in Nigerian publicly funded schools, the underlying reasons for the growing disparity, such as the feminization of the teaching profession, low teacher’s salary, flexibility of teaching of the profession, women as care givers, cultural belief, and sexual molestation. Challenges to the increase of male teachers in schools, such as low status of teaching, parental expectation, work policies and societal perception were explored. The implications of the absence of male teachers in the schools, among others, were failure among male students, academic under-achievement, under-utilization of male talent and indiscipline in school. Suggested courses for action to increase the presence of male teachers in schools include improving the condition of service, education policy reform, gender balance in other professions, publicizing a male friendly environment, and admitting men to educational programs. The aforementioned are efforts meant to encourage diversity in the teaching workforce. The article relied heavily on data collected from Education Management Boards of some Nigerian States’ for its discussion.

It has been reported that the increased uric acid level is associated with metabolic syndrome risk factors in both male and female. However, there has not been enough studies to investigate gender differences of this association in Korea. To evaluate relation between serum uric acids and metabolic syndrome markers, anthropometric and biochemical analyses data was obtained from National Health Examination 2005 and 5,523 (M=3,097; F=2,426) data was analyzed. Results by quartile of serum uric acid levels in females showed that increased serum uric acid level was associated with elevated levels of total-. LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides, whereas association between serum uric acid and total cholesterol levels was not observed in male subjects. In both female and male, higher quartile of serum uric acid level were linked with lower levels of HDL-cholesterol. In regression analysis, association of serum uric acid levels with fasting glucose levels was significant in female subjects only. In conclusion, higher serum uric acid levels were associated with metabolic syndrome indices, however gender differences were existed for total cholesterol.

This article aims to critically examine gender inequality in the domestic labor which is the biggest obstacle to building a gender equal society in the 21st century. Gender inequality in the domestic labor is basically attributable to gender division of labor. Gender division of labor neglects the socioeconomic value of domestic labor, and takes the unpaid domestic labor of women for granted. However, it is unavoidable that this trend cannot continue in an aging and low fertility society. This is because it contradicts to not only the various social systems but also to the basic directions of social policies in an aging and low fertility society. This article reviews the causes and actualities of gender inequality in the domestic labor with a focus on gender

This study aimed to examine the health-related lifestyle habits and eating behaviors according to gender, ethnicity, and residence type of university students in Yanbian, China. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 302 university students. Of the male students, 12.1% and 42.0% were in the underweight and overweight groups, respectively, and of the female subjects, 21.3% and 16.3%, were in those respective groups. More male than female students preferred the overweight body somatotype. In contrast, about 49.4% of female students were hoping to be underweight, and female students had more obvious difficulties with body somatotype perception, whereas their exercise frequency and time spent exercising per day were much less than those of male students. More Chinese than Korean-Chinese subjects exhibited regular eating habits, which included eating at the same time everyday and at the same frequency per day; these habits were, accompanied by generally healthier lifestyle habits regarding regularity of activity and exercise time. Self-boarding students had a significantly higher BMI (23.7±5.1 kg/m2) and were more likely to be overweight (43.5%) as compared to students who lived in a dormitory or with family. Salty taste was preferred by Chinese students more than Korean-Chinese students, and greasy taste was preferred by Korean-Chinese students as compared with Chinese students. This study found that inherent and environmental factors are related with the dietary behaviors of university students in Yanbian, China. Further studies are required to elucidate the structural elements of family life and the sociocultural factors associated with dietary behaviors in Yanbian.

이 연구는 교도소 직무환경과 업무역할에 대한 태도 등에 대한 남녀교도관들의 유사성과 차이를 규명하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 남성 중심적인 직무환경과 조직문화를 가지고 있는 것으로 알려져 있는 교정조직에서 소수로 존재하고 있는 여성교도관들이 주류의 남성교도관과 유사한 인식과 적응을 보여주는 지의 문제는 미래 여성교도관의 역할과 직무 다양화의 주장을 위해 매우 중요한 근거가 될 수 있다. 보다 구체적으로 이 연구의 목적은 교도관으로서의 직업윤리, 직무만족도, 상사와의 관계와 인식, 조직의 교육혁신에 대한 태도와 인식, 그리고 교도소 폭력에 대한 허용도 등 직무환경과 조직문화에 관한 다양한 태도와 인식 등에서 성별 차이를 분석하였다. 그리고 교도관들의 젠더가 교정기관의 직무환경과 업무역할에 대한 인식과 태도 등에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인인지 여부를 확인하고자 하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 남성교도관들과 여성교도관들 사이에 직업환경과 업무역할에 대한 차이를 거의 발견하지 못하였고, 이러한 태도에서 성별의 차이가 매우 미미하였다는 것을 발견하였다. 이 연구결과에 근거하여 여성교도관들이 기존의 남성중심적 업무와 환경이라고 여겨지고 있는 교도소 직무환경에서 전문성 있는 직업인으로서의 자질을 남자교도관과 유사하게 가지고 있다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이를 통해 교정행정의 중요한 담당자로서의 여성교도관의 위상에 대한 확신을 가지게 되었다. 이를 토대로 여성교도관의 성공적 업무수행을 위한 전략에 대해 논의하였다.

The purposes of this study were to: 1) identify sub-factors of fashion shopping orientation (FSO) in adults aged 20 through 39, and analyze the differences among those FSO factors according to classified groups, which were based on gender and purchase frequency in a mobile shopping mall, and 2) to investigate the effects of FSO factors on mobile purchase intention according to the same classified groups. The questionnaire was conducted from November 10, 2015 to November 20, 2015 and its 432 respondents were classified into four groups, which were male/heavy purchaser, male/light purchaser, female/heavy purchaser, and female/light purchaser. The results of this study were as follows: First, fashion shopping orientation consisted of five sub-factors, which included “conspicuous brand pursuit”, “economic pursuit”, “pleasure/trend pursuit”, “impulse shopping”, and “convenience pursuit”. Second, There were significant differences in three factors of FSO between male purchasers and female purchasers. Male purchasers showed higher tendency than female purchasers in “conspicuous brand pursuit”, while female purchasers showed higher tendency than male purchasers in “economic pursuit” and “convenience pursuit”. All the factors of FSO showed significant differences among the classified groups. Third, “economic pursuit”, “pleasure/trend pursuit” and “convenience pursuit” affected mobile purchase intention in the case of male purchasers while “economic pursuit” and “conspicuous brand pursuit” had a influence on mobile purchase intention in the case of female purchasers. Fourth, the factors of FSO affected mobile purchase intention partly in each group. In conclusion. “economic pursuit” was proven to be the main influential factor to induce consumers to have a mobile purchase intention.

Customer experience has become an important concept in explaining consumer behaviour with hedonic products in the online game industry. However, few studies have examined the differences in game experience internationally between players from different nationalities. Game producers who market their wares to a global audience need to take into account that individuals from different national backgrounds have different experiences according to nationally specific cultural and societal norms and restrictions. These experiences determine how players perceive, interact and enjoy products. The current study attempts to examine differences in game experiences between India and the US. Around 600 respondents were collected from Amazon Mechanical Turk (Mturk), an online data panel. Analysis of results using a series of multivariate analysis of covariate, showed that players from India and the US are different in most aspects of game experience except for their analytical experience. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed and recommendations are made with consideration to the ramifications of the investigation.

In recent years, ethical consumption has been attracting attention in Japan. Ethical products cover various issues, such as protection of the global environment, sustainability of resources, and protection of producers. Because the specification of such issues is difficult, previous studies often analyzed only one phenomenon. Several studies have attempted to examine the buying behavior of consumers of organic food products, based on Ajzen’s (1991) theory of planned behavior (TPB) (Sparks and Shepherd, 1992; Arvola et al., 2007; Chen, 2007, Lodorfos and Dennis, 2008). The TPB considers intention as a function of three principle determinants: attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. Regarding ethical food consumption, moral norms are individual value judgments connected to a specific behavior and its outcome (Manstead, 1999). A comprehensive model based on ethical issues for various products is required. Prior research highlights the consensus that targeting females in ethical consumption will have a greater chance of success (Roberts, 1996; Mainieri et al., 1997; De Pelsmacker et al., 2005). We propose three hypotheses to explain gender difference in consuming ethical food products. The aim of this study is to analyze the purchase behavior of consumers of ethical food products and to examine how consumers differ by gender in terms of the ethical issues. This study adopted organic vegetables, fair trade products, products certified by the Rainforest Alliance, free-range eggs, and fish certified by the Aquaculture Stewardship Council as ethical food products. These food products are associated with different ethical issues, and thus, we define ethical issues as “ethical attitude” for each product. For example, the ethical attitude of free-range eggs is included in the following categories (Table 1): environment, which means the protection of the global environment; health, which refers to the health of consumers; animal, which means the welfare of animals and the sustainability of resources; and farmer/aquaculturist, which means protecting farmers or aquaculturists

How stable are shopping styles of women and men across cultures? To find out, the authors develop a new scale that reliably measures differences between male and female shopping styles and is stable across cultures. They develop a conceptual model and hypotheses to test whether observed differences in gender shopping styles are likely to be innate or arise from socialization. Through a survey of consumers in seven countries, they show that males and females are evolutionary predisposed to have different shopping styles. Counter to social structural theory, the observed differences in shopping style between females and males are greater in low-context cultures (higher gender equality countries) than in high-context cultures (lower gender equality countries). Empathizing—the ability to tune into another person’s thoughts and feelings—mediates shopping style more for female shoppers; systemizing—the degree to which an individual possesses spatial skills—mediates shopping style more for male shoppers. Therefore, retail segmentation between females and males appears to be of more managerial relevance than segmentation between cultures. Other managerial implications are also discussed.

Research findings show that money attitude dimensions variedly affect compulsive buying. We surveyed 750 Generation Y South Africans to examine whether gender and family resources received during childhood is influencing the varied impact of money attitude dimensions on compulsive buying. Depending on whether low or high family resources were received during childhood, we found gender differences and a similarity on how money attitude dimensions affect compulsive buying. In terms of similarity, we found that high provision of both tangible and intangible family resources during childhood promotes the development of budget money attitude, which negatively affects the development of compulsive buying behavior.

Numerous studies have tested the impact of store environmental stimuli on store loyalty via some form of attachment and found that the environmental cues of a store do influence repatronage behaviours such as intentions to visit a store. However, different groups of consumers such as men and women could respond differently to environmental stimuli and develop distinct emotions or attachment towards a store brand (i.e. store love) which eventually results in different store repatronage behaviour (i.e. store loyalty). This study sought to determine whether male and female shoppers evaluated the (1) impact of store environmental cues (ambient, design, merchandise and social) on store love, as well as (2) effect of store love on store loyalty differently from each other. Studies comparing male and female shoppers are crucial as it would help retailers formulate and implement more effective gender-related marketing strategies. The framework and measures of this study were adapted from Koo and Kim (2003). Data was solicited from 863 Millennial shoppers of fast fashion retail stores in Malaysia using a survey method. The focus was on fast fashion stores given their significance as a disrupter in the retail industry and their strong popularity among clothing shoppers. Partial least squares multigroup analysis (PLS-MGA) was used to determine the differences between path coefficients in the structural model as well as compare the loadings of the indicators in the measurement model between both male and female respondents. Results showed that the indicator loadings do not differ significantly between male and female subsamples thereby establishing measurement model invariance. Results from the PLS-MGA showed that male and female shoppers do not evaluate the impact of store environmental cues (ambient, design, merchandise and social) on store love differently. Both groups shared the same perception that all four environmental cues examined in this study were important in cultivating positive feelings and attachment towards a store brand. However, the impact of store love on store loyalty differed significantly among males and females. Interestingly, the effect of store love on store loyalty was higher for the males than the females, contrasting the conventional view of females as the more emotionally-attached and loyal group of consumers.Numerous studies have tested the impact of store environmental stimuli on store loyalty via some form of attachment and found that the environmental cues of a store do influence repatronage behaviours such as intentions to visit a store. However, different groups of consumers such as men and women could respond differently to environmental stimuli and develop distinct emotions or attachment towards a store brand (i.e. store love) which eventually results in different store repatronage behaviour (i.e. store loyalty). This study sought to determine whether male and female shoppers evaluated the (1) impact of store environmental cues (ambient, design, merchandise and social) on store love, as well as (2) effect of store love on store loyalty differently from each other. Studies comparing male and female shoppers are crucial as it would help retailers formulate and implement more effective gender-related marketing strategies. The framework and measures of this study were adapted from Koo and Kim (2003). Data was solicited from 863 Millennial shoppers of fast fashion retail stores in Malaysia using a survey method. The focus was on fast fashion stores given their significance as a disrupter in the retail industry and their strong popularity among clothing shoppers. Partial least squares multigroup analysis (PLS-MGA) was used to determine the differences between path coefficients in the structural model as well as compare the loadings of the indicators in the measurement model between both male and female respondents. Results showed that the indicator loadings do not differ significantly between male and female subsamples thereby establishing measurement model invariance. Results from the PLS-MGA showed that male and female shoppers do not evaluate the impact of store environmental cues (ambient, design, merchandise and social) on store love differently. Both groups shared the same perception that all four environmental cues examined in this study were important in cultivating positive feelings and attachment towards a store brand. However, the impact of store love on store loyalty differed significantly among males and females. Interestingly, the effect of store love on store loyalty was higher for the males than the females, contrasting the conventional view of females as the more emotionally-attached and loyal group of consumers.The findings imply that retailers need to be more astute in creating strong emotional bonds with customers that translate to repatronage behaviours particularly among female shoppers. Male shoppers, as discovered, tend to be less finicky in expressing their love and repatronage intentions for a store once they are contented with the store’s ambience, design, merchandise and service. Alternatively, retailers can seize the opportunity of reaching out to the Millennial male shopper cohort given their potential in market size, characteristic as the less fastidious lot compared to their female counterparts, penchant for recreational shopping and being market mavens when it comes to the latest products, trends and happenings.

The purpose of this study was to determine the gender differences in the relationships between knowledge of, attachment with, and attitude toward a parent brand and perceived risk of, attitude toward, and purchase intension of an extended product in the case of brand extension. A total of 300 survey questionnaires were distributed to 150 male and 150 female college students, and 275 responses were used for the final analysis. The results showed that for male college students, knowledge of the parent brand had a positive relationship with brand attachment with the parent brand, which in turn had a positive relationship with brand attitude toward the parent brand. Knowledge of the parent brand had a negative relationship with perceived risk of the extended product, which again had a negative relationship with attitude toward the extended product. In addition, for male college students, knowledge of the parent brand had a positive relationship with attitude toward the extended product, which also had a positive relationship with purchase intension of the extended product. For female college students, brand attachment with the parent brand had a positive relationship with brand attitude toward the parent brand, which also had a positive relationship with attitude toward the extended product. Brand attachment with the parent brand showed a negative relationship with perceived risk of the extended product, which also had a negative relationship with attitude toward the extended product.

본 연구는 성별과 연령, 감성차원(날카롭다/부드럽다, 앳되다/성숙하다)에 따라 얼굴매력에 대한 평가가 달라지는지 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구는 각 참가자들에게 60개의 여성 얼굴 사진에 대하여 9점 척도로 이루어진 세 차원(‘날카롭다/부드럽다’, ‘앳되다/성숙하다’, ‘전혀 매력적이지 않다/매력적이다’)에 평정하도록 제시하였고, 총 131명이 참가하였다(초등학생: 48명, 중학생: 44명, 대학생: 39명; 남자: 60명, 여자: 71명). 연구 결과를 알아보기 위하여 다층분석을 실시하였다. 성별과 세 연령집단 모두 얼굴이 앳될수록, 부드러울수록 매력적으로 평가하였다. 한편 성별과 연령에 따른 매력 정도의 차이가 있었다. 대학생이 초등학생과 중학생보다 매력을 더 높게 평가하였고 남자보다 여자가 동일한 사진을 더 매력적으로 평가하였다. 또한 대학생과 초등학생 간의 ‘날카롭다/부드럽다’ 차원의 평가가 유의미하게 달랐으며, 이는 대학생보다 초등학생에게 ‘날카롭다/부드럽다’ 차원이 얼굴매력 평정에 더 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 해석된다. 본 연구 결과는 얼굴이 앳될수록, 부드러울수록 얼굴을 매력적이라고 판단하지만, 감성차원이 매력에 미치는 효과가 성별과 연령에 따라 차이가 있음을 시사한다.

이 글은 한국교회가 직면한 수직적, 위계적 리더십 구조를 극복하 기 위한 선교적 대안으로서 젠더 통합적 리더십(gender inclusive leadership)을 제안한다. 현대의 한국사회는 교육의 기회에 있어서는 남녀의 차별이 없는 것 같으나 일단 사회 속으로 진출하게 되면 심각한 성차별의 유리천장을 경험한다. 그런데 한국교회 안에서의 성차별의 문화는 사회보다 더 심각하다. 이 글은 이어서 여성의 리더십을 증진하기 위하여 리더십의 발휘에 있어서 여성과 남성이 어떻게 차이가 있는지를 조사한 연구들을 살펴보 았다. 성과 리더십의 관계를 규명하는 연구들은 1980년도부터 본격화 되었는데, 특히 여성들은 남성에 비해 더 민주적인 리더십을 발휘하는 경향이 있으며, 거래적 리더십보다는 변혁적 리더십을 발휘하는 경향이 있음이 밝혀졌다. 이런 여성적 리더십은 조직문화 안에서 보다 다양한관점을 제공하여 의사결정과정에 보다 바람직한 선택을 하도록 돕는다. 따라서 최근에는 여성들이 리더십 의사결정 과정에 참여토록 함으로써 조직문화의 효율성을 꾀하고 있다. 이런 연구에 기초하여 선교적 과제로서의 젠더 통합적 리더십의 함양을 위하여 필자는 몇 가지 방안을 제안하였다. 첫째, 젠더 통합적 리더십의 형성을 위해서 영적 리더로서 잠재력 있는 여성목회자들을 발굴하고, 여성이 리더십 지위를 수행할 수 있도록 길을 열어야 한다. 둘째, 여성 스스로의 리더십 역량의 증진을 위한 부단한 노력이 필요하 다. 셋째, 젠더 통합적 리더십의 형성을 위하여 여성들에게 필요한 또 하나의 과제는 자기연민과 수동성을 극복하는 것이다. 넷째, 여성적 리더십의 바람직한 모델을 현장의 이야기 속에서 발굴해야 하는데, 왜냐하면 이런 긍정적 여성리더의 이미지를 구축함으로 더욱 구체화되 기 때문이다. 다섯째, 기혼여성 목회자들의 목회영역의 경력단절 현상 을 극복할 수 있는 방안을 마련할 필요가 있다. 여섯째, 온전한 젠더 통합적 리더십의 형성은 남성들의 협력이 절대적으로 필요하다.

이 연구는 남성중심의 교정조직에서 남녀교정직원들의 여성 교정직원에 대한 일반적 태도와 인식을 연구분석하였다. 특히, 남성교정직원들의 여성교정직원들에 대한 인식과 태도에 관해서 여성에 대한 성 고정관념적인 역할태도가 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지를 이해하고자 하였고, 이러한 성고정관념이 여성교정직원들 자신들에 대한 인식과 태도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 여부를 분석하고자 하였다. 더 나아가, 대한민국 미래교정에서 여성교도관의 역할영역의 확대가 어디까지 이루어질 수 있는지에 대한 전망과 분석을 위해서 남녀 교도관들의 여성교도관의 남성수용자 사동관리에 대한 태도와 의견에 대한 일반적 인식을 분석하고, 남녀교정직원들의 남성수용자 사동관리에 대한 태도에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하였다. 이를 위해서 전국의 12개의 교도소에서 총 448명의 남녀교정직원들에게 설문조사를 실시하여 다양한 경험적 분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과, 남성교정직원들에게서 여성교정직원들에 대한 부분적 성고정관념적 인식이 존재하였다는 것을 발견하였다. 그리고 이러한 성고정관념적 인식은 여성교정공무원들에게서도 발견이 되었다. 그리고 남녀교도관 모두는 여성교정직원의 남성수용자 사동관리에 일반적으로 부정적인 의견을 가지고 있다는 것을 발견하였는데, 여기서 남녀교정직원의 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 이 연구의 결과에 대한 논의, 공헌점, 그리고 제한점 등이 결과와 논의 부분에서 논의되었다.

The aim of the present study was to investigate sex- and age-associated clinico-metabolic characteristics of urinary stone patients. A retrospective review was performed on data from 2,009 consecutive patients presenting with their first urinary stone episode between 2005 and 2013. Of the 2,009 patients, 1,426 (71.0%) satisfied the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. Patients were grouped by age (<60, ≥60 years old) and sex. The medical history and 24 hr urinary chemistry results of each patient were obtained. The mean age of the 165 (11.6%) patients aged 60 or over was 65.5 ± 4.2 years. Body mass index was greater in elderly females than in younger females (p=0.031). After stratification by sex and age, lower urinary excretion of calcium and uric acid was a protective factor for both sexes among the elderly (p<0.05, each, respectively). Low urine pH was a common risk factor for both sexes among the elderly (p=0.013 in males, p=0.047 in females, respectively), whereas lower citrate excretion was a risk factor for only the elderly female group (p=0.004). With regard to urinary metabolic abnormalities, elderly females showed higher incidence of hypocitraturia compared to younger females (p=0.049). In conclusion, this study demonstrated the sex- and age-associated clinico-metabolic characteristics of urinary stone patients. Thus, it is important to tailor metabolic evaluation and medical prevention therapies for patient according to sex and gender characteristics.

This study investigated the differences between gender for effectiveness of career competencies training and integrative life planning on career aspirations, self-identity and congruity between the real and ideal self of adolescents in Lokoja, Nigeria. The sample consisted of 227 adolescents who scored low on Ego-identity scales and were found exhibiting low self-identity, which affected their career aspirations. They were made up of 114 males and 113 females. Quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test and control group design was used with the sample, which was randomly assigned to three groups. Career Competencies Training (CCT), Integrative Life Planning (ILP) and the control. A Self-Identity Questionnaire (SIQ), Congruity Questionnaire (CQ) and Career Aspiration Questionnaire (CAQ) were administered to the three groups before and after the experimental programmes. CCT and ILP groups were the training groups while the control was the waiting group. The statistical tools used were Means, Standard Deviation and ANCOVA. A null hypothesis was formulated to guide the study and was tested at 0.05 level of significance. There is no significant difference in the post-test scores on the self-identity, career aspiration, and congruity of real and ideal self of adolescents exposed to career competencies training, integrative life planning and the control group due to gender. The use of both training is therefore recommended. Parents should be encouraged to take cognizance of the congruity between the real self and the ideal self of their adolescents so that they can be properly guided on their career aspirations.

본 연구는 최근 일과 가정생활에 대한 가치관 변화와 경력관리에 대한 관심이 증가되고 있음을 기반으 로 시작되었다. 사회생활에서의 성공과 발전을 우선시했던 과거와 달리 요즘의 직장인들은 가정생활과 더불어 개인적인 여가활동과 자기계발에도 큰 가치를 두고 있다. 또한 평생직장과 종신고용의 개념이 사 라지면서 미래의 고용가능성을 높여줄 수 있는 경력관리에도 높은 관심을 보인다. 이에 일가정균형과 경력관리는 조직연구의 중요한 주제가 되어 왔으며 본 연구에서는 우리나라 서비스업에 종사하고 있는 3천 명의 정규직을 대상으로 일가정균형과 경력관리가 조직구성원들의 성과행동에 미치는 영향력을 규명해 보았다. 특히 사회적으로 일과 가정생활을 동시에 수행하도록 요구받을 뿐 아니라 출산으로 인한 경력단 절이 빈번하게 일어나는 여성근로자에게 일가정균형과 경력관리가 더 절실한 요인이 될 수 있다는 점에 서, 남성과 여성 간 성별 차이와 여성에 대한 성차별의 조절효과도 함께 분석하였다. 그 결과, 일가정균형 과 경력관리 모두 조직구성원들의 과업성과와 혁신성향, 그리고 조직시민행동을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 가설과 달리 성별 차이의 조절효과는 없는 것으로 증명되어 일가정균형과 경력관리의 영향력은 남성과 여성 모두에게 중요한 요인임을 알 수 있었다. 이와 더불어 성차별의 부정적인 조절효과가 규명됨 으로써 조직의 실무자들은 일가정균형과 경력관리의 긍정적인 영향력이 향상될 수 있도록 조직 내 성차 별적인 HR시스템을 개선하는 것이 중요할 것으로 보인다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 일가정균형과 경 력관리, 그리고 성차별의 영향력이 조직과 관리자에게 주는 실무적 함의점을 심도있게 논의하였다.