Nosema disease caused by the microsporidia Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae are a honey bee pathogen parasitizing. Nosema disease symptoms include digestive and absorption disorders because the spores damage epithelial tissue and potentially causing colony death. Recently, N. ceranae has been reported as an important threat to honey bee health. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Curcuma tonga L. belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and is a perennial, tropical herb. Turmeric, the powdered rhizome, is used for medicinal purposes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) for the control of N. ceranae in honeybees. For the study, we infected with N. ceranae spore through dosed and fed with the turmeric extraction at difference concentration. The data show that the turmeric extraction was not toxic for bee at least at 1% and the bees fed with 0.5 % turmeric extraction had significantly lower infection rates. This data suggest that turmeric could be useful in alternative strategies for the control of N. ceranae.

Human natural killer (NK) cells are major players in innate immune response. The functions of these cells as a scavenger of cancer cells are enhanced by cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), which play an important role in immune response in both tumors and virally infected cells. Liver cancer has a high incidence rate and is a major cause of death in Korea. We provide evidence that human NK cells inhibit tumor growth of the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SNU-354. NK cells were cultured with human IL-2 for 14 days, yielding an enriched NK cell population containing 35% CD8+ cells, 6% CD4+ cells, and 51% CD16+ /CD56+ cells. Intravenous injection of NK cells at doses from 2.5 to 10 million cells/mouse was administered once per week in a nude mouse model that retains human liver tumor induced by implantation of SNU-354 cells. The results showed that human NK cells were recruited within tumor tissue and inhibited SNU-354 tumor growth by 32%, 58%, and 65%. The current data suggest the potential for use of NK cell-based immunotherapy for treatment of human liver cancer.

 ,  , Cordyceps (vegetable wasp and plant worm), an entomopathogenic fungi, has been used as a herbal medicine in Asian countries since ancient times. Cordyceps nutans is common but there is little research on this species. This study investigated the optimal culture conditions of C. nutans and the inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cell treated culture broth. The optimal conditions for the mycelial growth were 25℃ and pH 7.0-8.0. Mycelial growth was highest on mushroom complete medium (MCM), V8 juice agar (V8A), and yeast malt dextrose (YMD) medium. Mycelial growth on mushroom minimal medium (MMM) did not occur, so nutrient source was essential. Dextrose and sucrose as carbon sources, and ammonium citrate as a nitrogen source were satisfactory for mycelial growth. Cytotoxicity of C. nutans culture broth was not found in RAW 264.7 cells. C. nutans culture broth suppressed NO production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, our results provided the optimal conditions for cultivation of C. nutans and showed that C. nutans may have excellent physiological activities.

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in the storage characteristics of the Korean traditional raw rice wine (RRW) treated with Korean sun-dried salts and gamma rays. Nowadays, RRWs have received attention because they are a nutritious foo

본 연구에서는 참외 추출물의 항암활성에 대해 알아보기 위해 참외를 부위별로 나누어 quinone reductase 유도활성과 다양한 간암세포에서의 증식 억제활성을 조사하였다. 참외 꼭지와 참외 줄기 잎 부위에서 농도의존적으로 QR 유도활성이 증가하였고, 200μg/mL 농도에서는 각각 3.9, 1.5배의 유도활성을 나타내었다. 암세포 사멸 활성 측정법을 통한 항암활성 평가 실험에서 마우스 유래의 간암세포인 Hepa1c1c7 세포에 대해서 조사한 결과 꼭지와 줄기 잎 부위에서 높은 암세포 독성을 보였다. 이러한 결과를 기초로 인체유래의 암세포에 대한 항암활성을 평가하기 위해 인체유래 간암 세포주인 HepG2에 대한 세포 증식 억제활성을 농도별로 조사하였다. 꼭지와 줄기 잎 부위 모두 인체유래 간암 세포에 대해 증식 억제효과를 보여주었지만, 특히 꼭지 부위는 최고농도에서 60.3%의 높은 증식 억제효과를 보였다. 그러나 마우스 유래의 간암세포에 대한 활성보다 인체유래 간암세포에 대한 활성이 낮게 나타났다. 참외의 꼭지 추출물에서 QR 유도활성과 항암활성을 확인함으로써 향후 참외 비가식 부위의 기능성 소재로의 이용화에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

chemosensitivity test of Geungsonojukwhan-Bijukbang was performed on the three different human cancer cell lines originated from liver, cervix and colon tissue, namely Hep 3B, Hela and HCT-15, which have similar doubling times. Semiautomated sulforhodamine B(SRB) assay appears to offer an valuable tool for chemosensitivity of unknown compounds, since it is a simple, valid and inexpensive method of assessing drug monitoring for large samples in a short time. The results obtained in this study were as follows 1. Good correlations were shown from the results of SRB assay and those of clogenetic assay. 2. As a result of exposure to Geungsonojukwhan, the proliferation of Hela cell and Hep 3B cell was slightly decreased in Geungsonojukwhan-Bijukbang(GIP), Geungsonojukwhan-Pejukbang(LUP) and Geungsonojukwhan-Sinjukbang(RTP). 3. As a result of exposure to Geungsonojukwhan, GIP showed better anticancer effect to HCT-15 cell lines than those of LUP and RTP. 4. The extract of Geungsonojukwhan-Bijukbang in 40℃ were more effective in cytotoxic response than those in 100℃. 5. The research showed that the higher concentration the more effective in the inhibition of proliferation of the cancer cell lines, however, the cytotoxic effect of Geungsonojukwhan-Bijukbang in the concentration of 1.60㎎/㎖ and 3.20㎎/㎖ showed the most effective inhibition rate according to the increase of concentration.

본 연구는 시중에서 유통되는 눈물분비 부족 및 접액부족으로 인한 안구건조증상 의 해소와 하드 콘택트렌즈의 윤활제로서 사용되는 인공누액(Artificial Tears) 10종 류와 렌즈 세척 후 행꿈과 습용 및 안구 세척에 이용되는 둥 가장 전반적으로 많이 사용되고 있는 점안제인 생리식염수(S머ine) 7종류를 배양 생쥐섬유모세포(L929 cell)에 25% 농도로 처리하고 48시간 동안 배양한 후 ELISA Reader(multi well microplate reader)를 사용해 MTT와 SRB Assay로 세포증식 저해 정도률 검정하였다. MTT Assay 결과， 인공누액의 경우 10종류 중 6종류 제품에서， 40% 이상의 세포증식 저해 가 나타났으며 식염수에서는 7종류 중 3종류에서 40% 이상의 세포중식 저해를 나타 냈다. SRB Assay결과， 인공누액 5종류에서 60% 정도의 세포중식의 저해와 식염수 3 종류에서 40% 이상의 세포중식 저해가 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 일부 제품의 인공누액과 식염수에서 L929 세포중식올 저해하 는 것으로 사료된다.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered to be attractive approaching in gene or drug delivery for cancer therapeutic strategies. In this study, the ability and feasibility of human bone marrow derived MSCs expressing the cytosine deaminase (CD)/5-Fluorocytosin (5-FC) prodrug was evaluated to target human osteosarcoma cell line Cal-72. At first, the fibroblast-like cells were successfully obtained from human bone marrow and demonstrated that they contained full of stem characteristics by the ability of differentiation into adipocyte/osteocyte and expression of typical mesenchymal markers CD90, CD44, while negative for CD34 and CD133 markers. We established the stable CD-expressing MSCs cell line (CD-MSCs) by transfection of pEGFP-C3 containing cytosine deaminase::uracil phos-phoribosyltransferase (CD::UPRT) gene into MSCs, and confirmed that the manipulated MSCs still remained full characteristics of multipotent cells and shown migration toward human osteosarcoma cancer cells Cal-72 as high as origin MSCs. Based on bystander effect, the therapeutic CD-MSCs significantly augmented the cytotoxicity on cancer cell Cal72 in either direct co-culture or conditioned medium in the presence of 5-FC. Moreover, in osteosarcoma cancer- bearing mice, the therapeutic CD/5-FC MSCs showed the inhibition of tumor growth compared with control mice which was s.c injected with only Cal72. Our findings suggest that these therapeutic CD-MSCs may be suitable and viable cellular vehicles for targeting human osteosarcoma cancer.