Indonesia is a disaster-prone archipelagic country and one of the world's largest emitters. Climate change has increased the risk of disasters in Indonesia, such as rising sea levels leading to floods. This is undoubtedly a threat to the Indonesian population in coastal areas and small islands. They will be forced to become Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) if sea levels continue to rise and drown their houses. The number of IDPs in Indonesia has increased significantly in recent years. While IDPs have a legal status and are entitled to protection from the state, there is unfortunately no specific provision for IDPs due to climate disasters in Indonesia. This article examines the legal protection afforded to IDPs in Indonesia as a result of climate-related disasters; deals with the existing legal framework for IDPs; and assesses its adequacy in addressing the specific challenges faced by climate-related IDPs.

This study aims to establish a development strategy for higher education in Indonesia’s marine and fisheries sector and to present a direction for international development cooperation through evaluating policies and current problems related to higher education in marine and fisheries sector. To achieve the goals of human resources development in marine and fisheries sector, Indonesian government needs to secure non-salary expenditures to strengthen support for areas directly related to the effects of education, such as improving educational facilities, expanding scholarships, and so on. Education institution needs to develop effective teaching methods and systematic practice-based curriculum that reflects the needs of the local fishermen community and fisheries industry. In addition, it is necessary to support the supply of manpower throughout the fisheries industry. Fisheries industry needs to stop relying on the government or education institutions to secure excellent human resources and actively participate and cooperate in the education field so that excellent human resources can flow into the industry. Based on this strategy, international development cooperation for human resources development in Indonesia’s marine and fisheries sector should focus on qualitative rather than quantitative expansion of higher education institutions.

본 연구는 현재까지 중앙정부를 제외한 행위자들-특히 한국의 지방자 치단체와 기업, 그리고 양국에 존재하는 거주민 커뮤니티-의 한국과 인 도네시아 사이의 관계 형성에 관한 여러 활동을 분석 및 평가하고, 이를 바탕으로 보다 지속 가능하고 미래지향적인 양국관계 구축을 위한 정책 과제를 제시한다. 이를 위해 연구에서는 먼저 국가중심적이면서 경제력 과 군사력에 바탕을 둔 이른바 “하드파워”적 전통외교는 민간행위자들의 외교적 역량을 과소평가한다는 한계를 지적하면서, 한국과 같은 중견국 에게는 다양한 행위자들이 참여하는 “소프트파워”적인 공공외교가 필요 함을 주장한다. 또한, 한국과 인도네시아 사이의 관계 형성의 관점에서 공공외교의 주요 행위자들인 지방자치단체, 거주민 커뮤니티, 그리고 기 업의 역할을 다양한 자료들을 이용하여 평가한다. 마지막으로 하드파워 와 소프트파워가 결합한 이른바 “스마트파워”에 바탕을 둔 한국과 인도 네시아의 관계발전을 위해서 (1) 지자체 공공외교의 지역적 다양화와 내 용적 심화 (2) 양국 거주민 커뮤니티를 민간외교의 교두보로 발전시키기 위한 지원 (3) 한국기업의 환경, 사회, 지배구조(ESG)경영을 통한 인도네 시아 지역사회 공헌을 제안한다.

This research will examine how the Indonesian constitution can effectively protect the indigenous people’s rights to customary land when the land is under construction for infrastructure building. The authors will mainly discuss the relevance of justice for ensuring the rights to live and property of indigenous people under the Indonesian constitution. In this essay, the authors examine how constitutional and human rights protections interact with one another to ensure the security of customary land in Indonesia. The analysis will be carried out by two methodological approaches. One is the statute approach which is based on laws and regulations being specifically targeted. To implement the statutory approach, all Indonesian laws and regulations concerning the constitutional relationship and human rights to protect customary land will be reviewed. The other is the conceptual approach to identify the ideas that give rise to legal notions, the legal principles or legal arguments for solving the problem.

본 논문은 강대국 경쟁 하에서 약소국들의 동맹 전략의 차이는 어디에 서 발생하는가에 대한 해답을 추구한다. 기존 국제정치 이론은 약소국들 의 자율적 외교 정책이 제한되어 있으며 국제정치에서의 힘의 배분이 약 소국들의 외교정책을 추동한다고 설명한다. 또 한편으로 국내정치의 구 도와 이데올로기, 민족주의의 국내 정치적 요소 또한 중요하다는 논의 또한 존재한다. 본 연구는 많이 주목받지 못했던 1950년대 초반 냉전의 형성 당시 인도네시아와 태국의 각기 다른 외교안보전략을 국내 정치적 비교연구를 통해서 분석한다. 두 국가는 모두 외부 경제적 지원의 필요 성, 안보 위협에 직면했으나 동맹전략에 있어서 인도네시아는 미국과의 동맹이 아닌 비동맹 전략을 취한다. 반면 태국은 국내정치적 논란에도 불구하고 미국과의 협력을 취한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 차이가 이 두 국가의 국내 정치적 세력 구도의 차별성에 기인하고 있음을 밝힌다.

Bilateral relationships between Malaysia and Indonesia have always been cordial, augmented largely by their shared ethno-cultural, value and religious affinity. Cooperation and collaboration initiatives and arrangement between the two countries are well-established in various fields, ranging from security, economic and trade, health to education. However, these friendly bilateral relationships have been occasionally marred by diplomatic frictions and protests arising from their disputes over overlapping claims to maritime territory and boundary. Among the most notable, intractable on-going maritime territorial and boundary disputes between the two countries occur in the Malacca Straits. In resolving these particularly dispute, diplomatic negotiation has been the most common and if not, the only dispute resolution mechanism adopted by the two countries. What make the scope of this study departs from the existing literature is the focus placed on examining the process of diplomatic negotiations between Malaysia and Indonesia for amicable resolution of the disputes. Diplomatic negotiation is arguably the preferred method to delimit contested maritime boundaries as it has its own advantages compare to other alternative peaceful methods. This qualitative study uses content analysis approach to investigate and appraise the background and process of diplomatic negotiation between Malaysia and Indonesia to reach final settlement of their territorial area and boundary disputes in the Malacca Straits. In analyzing the case, the theoretical tools used are negotiation theory, and bilateral theory. The selected respondents for this study are comprised of experts and practitioners attached to government agencies such as Maritime Malaysia Enforcement Agency and Institute Diplomacy and Foreign Relation. Then, content analysis is applied to the coding process. The research finding reveal that the status of diplomatic negotiation between the government of Malaysia and Indonesia are still ongoing, with the immediate final resolution of the disputes remains to be seen. The contribution of this study lies in providing the strong facts and the real status about territorial dispute at Strait of Malacca between Malaysia and Indonesia and also the process of diplomatic negotiation between Malaysia and Indonesia in settlement the territorial dispute at Strait of Malacca.

한국과 인도네시아를 포함한 대부분의 국가는 온실가스 감축을 위해 바이오디젤 같은 바이오연료 보급에 대한 강력한 정책을 추진하고 있다. 하지만, 바이오디젤 보급 확대를 위해서는 원료 부족 문제를 먼저 해결해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 원료 공급 안정성을 개선하고 바이오디젤 생산 가격을 낮추기 위해 비식용이면서 동시에 단위면적당 생산성이 높은 인도네시아 열대작물(R. Trisperma) 오일의 바이오디젤 생산 가능성을 조사하였다. 수확기간이 다른 두 종류의 오일은 많은 불순물과 높은 유리지방산 함량을 가지고 있어 효율적인 바이오디젤 생산을 위해, 에스테르화 반응과 전이에스테르화 반응을 실시하였다. 오일은 반응을 진행하기 앞서 여과와 수분제거 과정을 통해 반응의 효율을 높이고자 하였다. 에스테르화 반응은 불균질계 산 촉매인 Amberlyst-15를 사용하였으며, 반응 전 오일들의 산가는 각각 41, 17 mg KOH / g 이었으나, 에스테르화 반응 후 3.7, 1.8 mg KOH/g으로 약 90% 이상의 전환율을 보이며 유리지방산 함량 을 2%이하로 감소시켰다. 이후 전이에스테르화 반응은 KOH를 염기 촉매로 사용하여 바이오디젤 합성 실험을 진행하였다. 생성된 바이오디젤은 약 93%의 FAME 함량을 나타냈으며, 총 글리세롤의 함량은 0.43%으로 제품 규격(FAME 96.5%, 총 글리세롤 0.24%)에는 미달되었다. 이는 지방산 조성 분석 결과 일반적으로 관찰되지 않는 특이 지방산인 α-Eleostearic acid가 10.7~33.4% 포함되어 나타나는 특성으로 판단되며, 추가 반응 최적화 및 분리정제 연구 진행으로 연료품질 규격 달성이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 기존에 활용되지 못하던 비식용 원료로부터 바이오디젤 생산 기술을 확보할 경우 바이오디젤 보급 확대를 위한 안정적 원료 공급에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekeliruan yang terdapat dalam kamus bilingual bahasa Indonesia-Korea, mengingat kepentingan kamus bilingual dalam pendidikan bahasa asing. Secara lebih terperinci, penelitian ini secara mendalam menyelidiki ‘Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia-Korea’ yang diterbitkan pada 2016 sebagai sebuah kamus yang dipandang representatif di antara kamus sejenis, berdasarkan anggapan bahwa penyusunan kamus bilingual pada dasarnya tidak berbeda dengan proses penerjemahan kamus monolingual/bilingual. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa tipe kekeliruan dalam ‘Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia-Korea,’ yaitu kekeliruan makna yang tidak tepat, kekeliruan makna yang tidak memadai, kekeliruan penggunaan kata yang tidak baku atau berasal dari bahasa Melayu, kekeliruan karena salah ketik, kekeliruan gramatikal, dan kekeliruan contoh penggunaan. Tambahan pula, penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa kebanyakan kekeliruan tersebut diakibatkan oleh kekeliruan penerjemahan, khususnya dalam menerjemahkan nama flora, fauna, serta istilah. Lagi pula, terdapat banyak kekeliruan penerjemahan yang diakibatkan hanya oleh kelalaian dan kesembronoan penyusun kamus.

13세기에 이슬람이 유입된 아쩨는 힌두교와 불교, 그리고 애니미즘과 수피즘 등이 혼합된 민속 이슬람의 성향이 강하다. 중재자 역할을 하는 왈리와 숭배사상을 갖는 수피즘은 아쩨의 이슬람화에 중추적 역할을 하였다. 아쩨전쟁, 인도네시아 독립전쟁, 다룰이슬람, 그리고 자유아쩨운동은 과거 아쩨 술탄국의 번영을 갈망함과 동시에 고난을 이겨내기 위한 투쟁이었다. 남자의 독립성을 키우는 므란따우(Merantau)와 딸에게만 재산을 상속하는 관습은 아쩨의 가정을 여성 중심으로 만들었다. 하나님의 사랑과 복음을 전하는 것은 만남과 관계 형성에서 시작되고 그 접촉점의 역할로 의료선교는 매우 유용하다. 아쩨의 역사는 고난과 비통으로 함축된다. 그들에게 필요한 것은 몸과 마음을 함께 돌보는 전인적 치료이다. 동양의학은 아쩨 무슬림의 비애를 돌볼 수 있고 만성적인 질병에도 효과적이다. 특히 경제적이고 치료 효과가 좋은 침술은 아쩨 무슬림의 건강관리에 적합하다. 동양의학의 궁극적 목적인 양생(養生)과 복음전파를 통한 전인치유는 전인적으로 병든 아쩨 무슬림을 건강한 상태로 회복시키고 하나님의 나라를 체험하는 사건이다.

Contribution of Indonesia's economic creative to total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased for about 7.38%. To support the development, Indonesian Agency for Creative Economy continuous to improve its performance conducting a capacity building plan and one of them is through product innovation and promotion. In order to create innovation, there are many information and skill that individual party may not have. As a solution, collaboration can be the chosen strategy to develop innovation. The purpose of this study is to analyse the approaches, mapping stakeholders, and understand the operation in collaboration and promotion of Noesa as Indonesian fashion brand and Watubo rural artisans. The method used is exploratory analysis identify through the condition theory by Drucker (1993) with short ethnography study. The result of this research is to identify the effective and efficient approach to conduct collaboration between fashion brand and rural artisan, in production and promotion of indigenous fabric.

The Subspecies of lucanid beetle Cyclommatus metallifer (Boisduval, 1835) from Indonesia are revised here. Six subspecies were known from Indonesia. Among them, Cyclommatus metallifer otanii Mizunuma and Nagai, 1991 was confirmed to be a synonym of Cyclommatus metallifer aenomicans Parry, 1863. Moreover, a new subspecies, Cyclommatus metallifer butonensis ssp. nov., is described from Buton Island of Indonesia. The identification key, distributional data, photos of adult habitus, male genitalia, and figures for each species are provided.

인도네시아의 열대 이탄지는 황폐화되고 농경지 및 조림지로 전용되어왔다. 수로는 열대 이탄지의 지하수위를 관리하고 작물의 생산성을 높이기 위해 설치되었으나, 열대 이탄지의 구조를 파괴하고 침하 및 산불 발생 위험을 증가시켰다. 이에 따라, 인도네시아 정부는 수로로 인한 문제를 막기 위한 정책과 모라토리엄을 마련하였다. 그리고 해당 정책들에 따라 이탄지 재습지화에 관한 시범사업들이 일부 수행되었다. 우리나라가 열대 이탄지를 재습지화 한다면 추후 탄소배출권을 확보할 수 있는 가능성이 있으므로, 적절한 재습지화에 관한 자료가 필요하다. 이에 따라, 본 연구에서는 열대 이탄지에 적용되는 정책의 흐름을 조사하고 이 시범사업들의 설치 계획, 고려사항, 댐 설계, 재료, 설치 방법, 모니터링 방법, 그리고 소요 시간 및 비용 등에 대해 분석하였다. 이탄층의 깊이가 3 m 이상인 지역은 개발이 제한되고 개발 허가 발급이 중단되었으며, 복원을 위한 수로차단이 설치되었다. 이 지역에서는 댐의 지속성과 지역 이해당사자들의 참여를 독려하는 것이 우선순위로 여겨졌다. 개발 허가지역의 경우에는 개벌과 화전이 금지되었으며, 지하수위를 유지하기 위한 수로차단에 목적을 두었고, 수로차단을 설치할 때에는 작업 및 비용의 효율성이 우선적으로 고려되었다. 조사 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 인도네시아 열대 이탄지의 규제 적용 및 수로차단 설치 시 적용할 수 있는 방안들을 제시하였다. 이러한 결과는 동남아시아 지역의 배수된 열대 이탄지에 적합한 수로차단을 계획하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Deforestation such as illegal logging and forest fires has caused a big disadvantage for surrounding people. In general, the losses were disasters such as floods, landslides and droughts. Disaster is something that causes damage, loss or misery (The Big Dictionary of Indonesian Language, 1996). Gendol hill is a forest area that has experienced disasters caused by forest destruction. Among the disasters occurred in Gendol hill area was drought or difficulty in fulfilment of the need of fresh water. A number of springs have been drying up after the destruction of Gendol forest in 1963. Efforts to restore the forest by reforestation or replanting have been conducted since a long time by the government (Perhutani) with planting of pine trees (Pinus merkusii). Since 1996, trees of Moraceae family were also planted gradually by local person. Three species from the Moraceae family that have been planted are Ficus benyamina, Ficus annulata, Ficus retusa, Ficus recemosa, Ficus microcara etc. By 2016, at least 4000 trees species from Moraceae family have been planted together thousands other species. Based steps of planting, there are three groups of Moraceae family trees in Gendol hill. They are tree groups aged 15-20 years, 10-15 years and 1-10 years (Anonimous, 2016) The case study aimed to get information of Moraceae family trees plantation benefits in emergence of springs. Observation, in-depth interview, documentation and study literature were conducted for this study in April 2016. Observation of the field conditions (vegetation and springs conditions) was conducted to obtain description of the location and springs condition. In depth Interview has conducted by interviewing of key persons to obtain historical information (forest destruction, loss of springs, replanting efforts, and re-emergence of springs). In-depth interview also aimed to get information about the benefits received by local people from the emergence of springs. While documentation in the form of photos of vegetation conditions and springs was taken to get more descriptions. To complete this research, we has also taken secondary data from related parties and some literatures. Furthermore, the collected data analyzed by descriptive-qualitative analysis method. The results showed that the planting of Moraceae family trees such as Ficus benyamina, Ficus annulata Blume, and Ficus retusa L. had a real benefit in emergence of springs on study site including re-emergence of died springs. There are many springs appearing in both large and small sizes. Five springs in quite large size appearing around the Moraceae family trees stand on the slopes of Gendol hill after 17 years of planting. The water yield of each springs was directly proportional to the amount and size of Moraceae family trees around the springs. The water discharge (outflow) of springs under 5 trees with height average 14 m and diameter 25 cm is bigger than the springs under 3 trees with height average 12 m and diameter 20 cm. The emergence of springs in Gendol hills has brought many benefits to the lives of the surrounding people. Based on descriptive analysis, the benefits for local community are; 1) Fulfilment of fresh water needs for at least 800 families of local communities (at least 240,000 litters / day), 2) Increasing of water availability for irrigating rice fields (from 1 harvest / year to become 3 harvest / year) so that people income around Gendol hill increased, 3) Increasing of public awareness in planting / greening including local government, 4) Appearing of tourism service potential that may be developed by local government together local people . Therefore, advanced research or applied research is suggested to be conducted for assessing the effect of Moraceae family trees on all aspects (vegetation, soil, hydrology and socio-economic). The research suggested are; a) The characteristics of vegetation on the springs area and their relation with springs, b) The effect of Moraceae family trees on water yield, c)Affecting factors in the springs sustainability (physical, socio-economic and institutional, d) Environmental services analysis of Springs management.

As a tropical country, Indonesia emphasize the agricultural sector in its economic development. Consequently the lignocellulosic biomass material as an agricultural waste is abundantly available. On the other hand, the production and consumption of edible mushrooms in Indonesia have gradually been increasing for years. Most of them is cultivated on lignocellulosic biomass material. Based on the substrate of their cultivation, the production of edible mushrooms in Indonesia was divided into two types. The first is using sawdust as a main substrate. Mushrooms cultivated in this substrate are oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sp), ear mushroom (Auricularia sp), and shiitake (Lentinus edodes). The second is to use rice straw as a main substrate. They are rice straw mushroom (Volvariella sp) and a button mushroom (Agaricus sp). All of the mushroom cultivation are done in small and medium scale without mechanization. This paper revealed the method of mushroom cultivation in Indonesia using both main substrate, sawdust and rice straw. The bioconversion of lignocellulose substrat into fresh fruiting body of mushroom is expressed in Biological Efficiency (BE). It was determinated by the weight of fresh mushroom as a percentage of the weight of wet substrate. The result show that the BE of Pleurotus sp growing on sawdust was 35-40%, while Volvariella sp growing on rice straw was 15-20%.

In this research, taxonomic revision conducted on subspecies of Cyclommatus metallifer (Boisduval, 1835) which are endemic to Indonesia, and totally 6 subspecies were recorded. Among them, Cyclommatus metallifer otanii Mizunuma et Nagai synonymized by Cyclommatus metallifer aenomicans Parry. And also Cyclommatus metallifer ssp. nov. is recorded. total 6 subspecies will be confirmed as valid subspecies