The aim of this study was to determine the quality characteristics of bread with 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% cuttlefish ink added. The pH of the dough decreased as the addition percentage increased, and the addition of 8% was the lowest. The pH of the bread and the fermentation expansion power of the dough decreased as the addition percentage increased. Moisture and ash content were positively correlated with the addition percentage, and the crude protein and crude ash content were negatively correlated. As the addition percentage increased, the color of the bread became darker, and the bread volume decreased. The inside and outside color of the bread also decreased as the addition percentage increased. The volume and specific volume of bread decreased as the addition percentage increased. The amino acid analysis indicated glutamic acid was the largest, free amino acid analysis pointed out aspartic acid the highest. The springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, brittleness, and hardness of the bread were positively correlated with the addition percentage. Overall, it seems possible to develop bakery items using cuttlefish ink as a functional ingredient.

‘수묵화’가 아시아의 역사적 정체성을 띠고 서구에 대항하는 수단이 되면서 미술시장에 서 변화를 만들고 있다면, 그 차별화된 미술시장에서 새로운 변화는 무엇일까? 본 연구는 중 국의 개혁･개방 이후로 경제 발전기인 1990년대부터 ‘당대 미술(컨템포러리 아트)’로서 ‘수 묵화’를 중심으로 그 의미와 한계를 고찰해 보고자 한다. 1990년대부터 시작된 미술품 경매 시장의 성장과 더불어 2010년대에 이르면 아트페어와 같은 시장이 현지화한다. 따라서 본 논문은 사회주의 중국에서 반(反)전통과 반(反)서구적 방법으로 모색했던 ‘신수묵’의 범주에 속한 ‘실험수묵’이 어떤 당대적 의미를 담거나 포기하고 있는지를 살펴본 것이다.

The rational evaluation of carbon-based conductive ink performance is critical to both industrial production and applications. Herein, a model to evaluate writing performance of conductive ink by line resistance was proposed by investigating possible relations among different parameters and establishing relevant model to estimate ink writing performance. Bulk conductive inks were prepared and characterized to provide samples for model. To improve the precision of model, the impact of external factors including writing speed and angle was studied. Nonlinear regression and back propagation artificial neural network were employed to estimate line resistance, and cross check validation was conducted to prove robustness and precision of model. Most importantly, the investigation will open up a new path for the exploration of other carbon-based handwritten electronic devices.

Research and interest in sustainable printing are increasing in the packaging printing industry. Currently, predicting the amount of ink required for each work is based on the experience and intuition of field workers. Suppose the amount of ink produced is more than necessary. In this case, the rest of the ink cannot be reused and is discarded, adversely affecting the company's productivity and environment. Nowadays, machine learning models can be used to figure out this problem. This study compares the ink usage prediction machine learning models. A simple linear regression model, Multiple Regression Analysis, cannot reflect the nonlinear relationship between the variables required for packaging printing, so there is a limit to accurately predicting the amount of ink needed. This study has established various prediction models which are based on CART (Classification and Regression Tree), such as Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Machine, and XGBoost. The accuracy of the models is determined by the K-fold cross-validation. Error metrics such as root mean squared error, mean absolute error, and R-squared are employed to evaluate estimation models' correctness. Among these models, XGBoost model has the highest prediction accuracy and can reduce 2134 (g) of wasted ink for each work. Thus, this study motivates machine learning's potential to help advance productivity and protect the environment.

Due to its capacity to manufacture low-cost 3D-printed structures, 3D-printing technology offers a unique opportunity for the fast epitome of various applications. Using a typical fused deposition modeling 3D printer along with a Discovery extruder, a graphene-ink can be 3D printed to produce an interdigitated electrode (IDE) arrangement. This work fabricated a 3D-printed planar supercapacitor from pristine graphene-ink without using high-temperature processing or functional additives. The printable ink (89%) is formulated from pristine graphene without the addition of any functional additives. The symmetric flexible supercapacitor is demonstrated with an excellent specific capacitance of 137.50 F/g at 0.5 A/g and an energy density of 12.23 Wh/kg. The obtained gravimetric energy density beats reported earlier carbon-based supercapacitors that are 3D or inkjet printed. The flexibility and robustness of 3D-printed devices are achieved up to 150° folding angles. This work demonstrates an efficient and easy method for fabricating practical energy storage devices featuring a customizable shape and excellent flexibility.

디지털 정보 기술의 급속한 발전에 따라 사람들은 점점 더 자연스럽고 편리한 방식으로 인간과 컴퓨터의 상호작용을 실현하는 경향이 있습니다. 본고에서는 Leap Motion 센서를 하드웨어 플랫폼으로 하고 Unity3D 와 Leap Motion 플러그인을 소프트웨어 플랫폼으로 하여 가상 거문고의 상호작용 설계를 개발합니다. 또한 Leap Motion 장치의 개발과 연구를 통해 Leap Motion 센서에서 수집된 제스처 정보의 처리와 인식을 알고리 즘으로 구현하고, 제스처 인식 알고리즘을 이용하여 서로 다른 제스처를 분리하여 서로 다른 응답을 가능하 게 합니다.

The printing process can have to print various colors with a limited capacity of printing facility such as ink containers that are needed cleaning to change color. In each container, cleaning time exists to assign corresponding inks, and it is considered as the setup cost required to reduce the increasing productivity. The existing manual method, which is based on the worker’s experience or intuition, is difficult to respond to the diversification of color requirements, mathematical modeling and algorithms are suggested for efficient scheduling. In this study, we propose a new type of scheduling problem for the printing process. First, we suggest a mathematical model that optimizes the color assignment and scheduling. Although the suggested model guarantees global optimality, it needs a lot of computational time to solve. Thus, we decompose the original problem into sequencing orders and allocating ink problems. An approximate function is used to compute the job scheduling, and local search heuristic based on 2-opt algorithm is suggested for reducing computational time. In order to verify the effectiveness of our method, we compared the algorithms' performance. The results show that the suggested decomposition structure can find acceptable solutions within a reasonable time. Also, we present schematized results for field application.

장대천（張大千, Chang Dai-Chien，1899—1983)은 중국 근현대 회화사에서 가장 영향력 있는 화가 중 한 사람으로, 해외 에서도 명망이 높은 세계적인 예술가이다. 사실적인 서양화 기법을 적극 수용했던 중국의 동시대 화가들과는 달리 그는 전통회화를 중시하며 그 미학 사상과 심미관, 기법 등을 깊이 이해하고 체득하였다. 동시에 전통을 근간으로 하여 자신의 예술적인 기질과 심미적인 사고를 융합한 독창적인 예술 세계를 창조해 내었다. 장대천의 ‘발묵발채(潑墨潑彩) 산수화’는 전통회화의 기법을 뛰어넘어 현대적으로 재해석한 것으로 산수화의 새로운 영역을 개척하였다. 작품 속에는 수묵과 채색이 조화롭게 어우러져 있고 사의적(寫意的)으로 표현한 추상적인 면(面)과, 공필(工筆)의 섬세한 선묘(線描)로 묘사한 구상(具象)적인 이미지가 자연스럽게 결합되어 있다. 그는 전통회화 중의 용필법(用筆法)과 용묵법(用墨法)에 대한 충분한 이해가 있었고, 거기에 청록산수(靑 綠山水)와 돈황벽화(敦煌壁畫)의 진채(眞彩)기법이 더하여져 화려하고 아름다운 색채를 얻을 수 있었다. 동시에 중·서 융합에 대한 부단한 연구와 실험을 통해 자신만의 독특한 회화 예술을 만들어 내었다. 이렇게 만들어진 장대천의 발묵발채 산수화는 당대(當代) 화 단이 추구하던 중국화의 혁신이라는 시대적 과제를 해결할 수 있는 본보기가 되었으며, 채색 산수화 발전에 심미적 표준과 방향성을 제시하여 후대의 화가들이 자신의 예술을 계발하고 선양할 수 있는 선구적인 역할을 하였다.

Ya-Bing Wang’s Ink Rhyme is a contemporary dance that interprets the essences of Chinese calligraphy art. The dancers depict the Chinese characters through the movement of their bodies, and each movement reflects the energy and power of strokes and structures. The dance manifests that ‘Life of Ink Rhyme’ is the ‘life of artistic conception of painting’, as well as the ‘life of dance art’. The dance creations of Ink Rhyme reflect upon the learning of traditional Chinese calligraphy. Besides the writing of the characters, the humanism and art contained within the dance could be applied to the development of creative design, thus facilitating cross-domain integration. Between the traditions and innovations, the philosophical thinking of cultural insights can incorporate new media, and deliberate over the display of contemporary diversity in the art of Chinese calligraphy.

Ink-jet printing is a manufacturing process technology that directly prints a digitalized design pattern onto a substrate using a fine ink jetting system. In this study, environmentally friendly yellow aqueous ceramic ink is synthesized by mixture of distilled water, yellow ceramic pigment and additives for ink-jet printing. The graft polymer, which combines electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance mechanism, is used as a surfactant for dispersion stability of aqueous ceramic ink. Synthesized ceramic ink with graft polymer surfactant shows better dispersion stability than did ceramic ink with PAA surfactant; synthesized ink also shows desirable ink-jet printability with the formation of a single ink droplet during printability test. Finally, ceramic ink printed on glass substrate and ceramic ink with graft polymer surfactant shows a high contact angle without surface treatment on glass substrate. Consequently, it is confirmed that the ceramic ink with graft polymer surfactant can achieve high printing resolution without additional surface treatment process.

중국 수묵화는 당송시대에 가장 발달하였고, 대표적인 문화 장르 중 하나이며, 중국 수묵화를 표현하는 방식은 여러 가지가 있다. 오늘날 게임과 애니메이션 제작기술이 발전함에 따라 기존 수묵화 표현방법을 게임에 적용하여 표현효과를 고양하려는 시도가 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 3D 게임 환경에서 중국 수묵화를 표현하는 방법에 대해 연구를 하였으며 기존 게임 엔진에서 PBR 기술을 이용하여 중국 수묵화를 표현하고 실제 게임 제작에 적용하였다. 이를 통해 중국 수묵화의 표현효과를 게임에 재현하였다.

In this study, we listed the VOCs focusing on ozone precursors emitted from printing shops in urban areas. The emission characteristics of the VOCs from workplaces were evaluated in terms of the used inks. As a result of field measurements, more than 80% of detected VOCs showed high values of photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP). The main species were aromatic hydrocarbons such as ethylbenzene, toluene, ethyltoluene, xylene, trimethylbenzene and their isomers, and paraffin hydrocarbons such as nonane, decane, and octane. Comparative examination between pristine ink and the printing process revealed the emission of hydrocarbons with 8 to 12 carbons such as o-xylene to n-dodecane from the used inks and with 3 to 7 carbons such as acetone to 3-methylhexane from the printing process. The major contributors to ozone production in printing industries were toluene (12.2%), heptane (7.43%), and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene (7.21%) in every step.

In this study, the TRIZ methods were used to solve the main cause of the ink splashing phenomenon in a tattoo machine. To solve the ink splashing phenomenon that occurs when a tattoo machine is operated, a flow analysis of the needle unit was performed using ANSYS CFX V14.5. From the flow analysis result, it was confirmed that the ink splashing phenomenon of the tattoo machine can be supplemented by the hole leading to the outside to the needle unit of a tattoo machine. In order to diagnose the natural frequencies of the tattoo machine and the resonance phenomenon caused by the excitation of the motor, the natural frequency analysis was performed using the Abaqus/standard frequency analysis technique. From the results of the natural vibration analysis, it was confirmed that no resonance occurred. It is expected that it will contribute to improve the efficiency of the semi permanent cosmetic device with removable ink cartridge.

In this study, ZrO2 ceramic ink was formulated for additive manufacturing three dimensional structure using dispenser printing technique. Ceramic ink with various ZrO2 loading (30, 40, 50vol%) was prepared to evaluate their rheological properties and printability. High ZrO2 loading ZrO2 ceramic ink showed higher elastic modulus and improved shape retention, when the ceramic ink was printed and sintered at 1450 oC for 1h. Microstructural analysis of printed ZrO2 objective indicated that high ZrO2 loading objective showed lower porosity and smaller pore size.

Chinese ink and wash painting, taking ink as the carrier and based on the variation of the colour of black and white, has been developed under the deep influence of the Han nationality's philosophy- the theory of Yin Yang and five elements. With the development of metaphysics in Wei and Jin dynasties, the rudiment of ink landscape, which was mainly manifested with the stroke of hook, cracked and ink dye. Wang Wei, in Tang Dynasty, once wrote in his essay Skills of Landscape Painting: wash and ink painting is a very high level of painting. This interpretation has established the aesthetic orientation in Chinese wash and ink painting. After the rising of the literati paintings in Song Dynasty, lots of ink flower-and-bird painting and ink figure painting have been seen. Till this time, the Chinese ink and wash painting, taking water and ink as its basic materials, and the theory that man is an integral part of the nature as its core value, has become mature gradually and a system was eventually formed. Zhang Yanyuan in Tang Dynasty, wrote in his the Famous Paintings of History that five colours would be presented through different strokes of ink. He classified five types of using water and ink in painting. There are many different interpretations for the five colours and the author tends to divide them into five stroke types: thick (containing more ink), light (containing less ink), dry (containing less water), wet (containing more water), extremely thick (containing the most ink). Moreover, combining her practice of water and ink paining for decades and her study of Yi-ology, the author tries to bring the five types of using water and ink (they might be called the five types of water- and- ink-using in painting temporally) into the studies of Yin Yang and five elements (including the Feng Shui Theory, numerology and traditional Chinese medicine, which were originally developed from the Yi-ology). Wood of the five elements, corresponding to Light of the five types of water-and-ink using in painting, is positive, with an elegant and refined character; Fire, corresponding to Dry in painting, is extremely positive, with a high stated character; Earth, corresponding to Thick in painting, is neutral, with a steady character; Metal, corresponding to Extreme Thick in painting, is negative, with a deliberate character; Water, corresponding to Wet in painting, is extremely negative, with a soft and smooth character. A painter is a part of the universe. Hence his/her location and horoscope inevitably connects the five types of his/her ink and wash paintings. One's external presentation is the embodiment of the internal quality and the internal quality includes not only one's subjective practice in mentality, but also one's health conditions in physiology. If the painter's horoscope agrees with the five types of his/her ink and wash paintings, the mental happiness and physical health shall be ensured; if not, the spiritual happiness and physical health might be influenced. In this essay, the author classifies painters' horoscope into four types, which are lack-of-metal type, lack-of-water type, lack-of-wood type, lack-of-fire type, and analyze the connection between them and the five types of the wash-and-ink paintings. The main idea of the Yi-ology is that a man is an integral part of the nature and a man should conform to nature. In Qian Gua, the first divinatory symbols among the eight ones in Zhou Yi (the ancient text of Yi-ology), it interpreted the idea in a metaphor that haughtiness invited ruin. A proper application of the stroke of thick, light, dry, wet and extremely thick to the painting can help the art work keep balanced of Yin and Yang and is presented with a lively spirit and charm. Otherwise, the art work will be a failure. If a painter can understand the dialectical relationship between the theory of Yin and Yang and the five elements and the five elements and the five stroke types in ink painting, he/she shall be able to understand his/her artistic creation and arts appreciation. This is also the significance of studying oriental art philosophy.

Ceramic ink-jet printing has become a widespread technology in ceramic tile and ceramicware industries, due to its capability of manufacturing products on demand with various designs. Generally, thermally stable ceramic inks of digital primary colors(cyan, magenta, yellow, black) are required for ink-jet printing of full color image on ceramic tile. Here, we synthesized an aqueous glass-ceramic ink, which is free of Volatile organic compound(VOC) evolution, and investigated its inkjet printability. CoAl2O4 inorganic pigment and glass frit were dispersed in aqueous solution, and rheological behavior was optimized. The formulated glass-ceramic ink was suitably jetted as single sphere-shaped droplets without satellite drops. After ink-jet printing and firing processes, the printed glass-ceramic ink pattern on glazed ceramic tile was stably maintained without ink spreading phenomena and showed an improved scratch resistance.

Ink-jet printing techniques with ceramic ink, which contains ceramic pigments as colorant, are in increasingly use in the ceramic industry. Generally, ceramic pigments that are produced by conventional method show diameters of several micrometers; these micrometer sized particles in the ink-jet printing process can cause undesirable behavior such as print head nozzle clogging. To prevent this problem, a particle size reduction process is required. In this study, CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, black) pigments were synthesized via solid state method. Each pigment particle was milled to submicron size by an attrition mill. The effects of micronizing on the morphology, mechanical property, crystal structure and color property of the CMYK ceramic pigments were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), particle size analysis (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and CIE L*a*b*.