Assessment of noise exposed population is to check the environment noise level and social influence in order to reduce the risks such as annoyance and disturbance that are generated by environmental noise. Also, this method suggests the preferential noise abatement policy and action plan by accurately finding the area that the noise causes harmful effect to human health. Recently, a noise map, which can predict noise in comprehensive area, is used for the assessment of noise exposed population, breaking from the methods using existing measures. In particular, countermeasure for noise can be considered more effectively by using assessment methods of noise exposed population for specific noise level, area, and building types which are the main input factors in noise maps. In this study, we propose noise reduction ranking decision at ship construction and repair process due to noise map.

환경과 개발이 조화된 한반도 국토 종합개발 계획 수립을 위해서는 환경계획에 활용할 수 있는 환경공간정보가 필요하다. 하지만 기 구축되어 있는 북한지역의 환경공간정보는 매우 한정적이다. 기존 환경부의 대분류 토지피복지도가 있으나, 대분류 토지피복지도는 국토의 토지피복분류를 7개 항목으로만 분류체계가 구분되어 있고, 공간 해상도 또한 떨어져 정책적으로 활용할 수 있는 분야가 제한적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 접근불능지역을 대상으로 원격탐사 기술을 적용하여 신규 구축이 가능한 토지피복지도가 북한 지역의 환경공간정보로 타당하 다고 판단하였다. 그리고 기존 대분류 토지피복지도보다 공간 및 속성 해상도가 높아 다양한 분야에서 활용할 수 있는 중분류 토지피복지도를 구축하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 환경, 도시, 산림, 농업 분야의 토지피복지도 관련 구축 현황을 살펴보았으며, 각각의 분야에서 이용하고 있는 분류체계를 기반으로 중분류 토지피복지도의 구축 가능성과 활용성을 고려하여, 기존 환경부 중분류 토지피복지도의 22개 분류체계에서 신규 16개 분류체계로 변경하여 각각의 분류체계의 구축방안을 제시하였다. 그리고 개성지역을 시범지역으로 선정하고, 각각의 분류체계별 구축방안을 시범 구축하였다. 이러한 북한지역의 토지피복지도의 시범구축 결과 분류체계의 항목별 전체 분류정확도는 95.35%로 산정되어, 북한지역의 중분류 토지피복지도 구축에 적용가능하다 판단하였다.

This study conducted an on-the-spot survey on the 21 national and private forest roads in the Jeollabuk-do area in order to construct a GIS-based map of the disaster-prone zones in forest roads, and built the database of the locations of the disaster-occurrence and disaster-prone zones and disaster-prone zones. In addition, it built the DB with the Raster of size 10m x 10m using the GIS program after extracting the gradients, the forest shapes, the age of stand, and the soil properties factors by referring to a 1: 25,000 digital map, a detailed soil map, and a digital map of the forest shapes in connection with forest road disasters, and then built a rainfall distribution chart(Raster) after extracting the rainfall factors using the rainfall data of the Korea Water Resources Development Corporation. The map of the disaster-prone zone in forest roads was constructed through the combination of all the completed Raster charts and the applications of the Raster calculation(Raster calculator) technique. It is expected that with a more localized and more quantitative assessment, these study results will provide the base line data for a structural and managerial improvement of the forest roads.

프톨레마이오스는 지리학과 공간적 사고의 발달에 매우 중요한 영향을 미친 지도학자이다. 이 연구의 목적은 프톨레마이오스의 지도투영법 원리를 살펴보는 것과, 그의 투영법이 지도학적 관점에서 갖는 의의를 고찰하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 먼저 그가 제시한 세가지의 투영법 원리를 정확한 작도방법을 통해 고찰하였다. 둘째, 그의 투영법이 지도학적 관점에서 간략히 고찰하였다. 그는 경선과 위선을 이용해 장소의 위치를 나타내며, 구의 지구를 평면상에 표현하는 지도학적 방법을 체계화하였다.

It is an hot issue to reduce vibration for improving quality, reliability and safety in railway vehicles including magnetic levitation, monorail way, surface car etc. This paper aims at literature survey in rolling stocks vibration standards. Firstly, we investigate literature concerned vibration test standards and compare these standards. Secondly, we give some suggestions for future study and developing new test standards.

Recently, many breeders have preferred to use molecular markers for introgression backcross programs enabling foreground and background selection to cope with rapid cultivar changing of seed markets. In accumulation of target traits with marker-assisted selection, larger numbers of markers should give better resolution. For the analysis of quantitative traits, a high-density genetic map with a large number of markers is required for discovering more accurately linked markers with traits. Watermelon is a recalcitrant plant to generate a high-density genetic map with conventional molecular markers including simple sequence repeats (SSRs), since watermelon has narrow genetic diversity background and severe segregation distortions of those SSR markers. Thus, we have developed efficient and valid way to assemble genetic map and markers by next-generation sequencing coupled with genotyping by sequencing in F2 generation. After crosses between Citurullus lanatus ssp. citroides (PI254744 and PI189225) and C. lanatus ssp. lanatus (TS34, Korean cultigen), 163 of F2 progeny were sequenced through Illumina's Hi-Seq GAII platform. From sequence information of those variant call files, the SNPs were indexed and filtered by sequencing depth with genotype converter (SNP Genotyper), and optimized by heuristic physical bin mapping to construct more reliable genetic linkage map. Reliable SNP loci were determined and compared to sequences of physical reference map. Using the genetic map, we determined QTLs in F2:3 population and found major loci corresponding to seed size and powdery mildew race1 resistance in watermelon.

Clubroot is a devastating disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae and results in severe losses of yield and quality in Brassica crops including Brassica oleracea. Therefore, it is important to identify resistance gene for CR disease and apply it to breeding of Brassica crops. In this study, we applied genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technique to construct high resolution genetic map and mapping of clubroot resistance (CR) genes. A total of 18,187 GBS markers were identified between two parent lines resistant and susceptible to the disease, of which 4,103 markers were genotyped in all 78 F2 plants generated from crossing of both parent lines. The markers were clustered into nine linkage groups spanning 879.9 cM, generating high resolution genetic map enough to refine reported reference genome of cabbage. In addition, through QTL analysis using 78 F2:3 progenies and mapping based on the genetic map, two and single major QTLs were identified for resistance of race 2 and race 9 of P. brassicae, respectively. These QTLs did not show collinearity with CR loci found in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) but roughly overlapped with CR loci identified in cabbage for resistance to race 4. Taken together, genetic map and QTLs obtained in this study will provide valuable information to improve reference genome and clubroot resistance in cabbage.

Cytoplasmic male sterility caused by DCGMS (Dongbu cytoplasmic and genic male-sterility) cytoplasm and its nuclear restorer-of-fertility locus (Rfd1) with a linked molecular marker (A137) have been reported in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). To construct a linkage map of the Rfd1 locus, linked amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were screened using bulked segregant analysis. A 220-bp linked AFLP fragment sequence from radish showed homology with an Arabidopsis coding sequence. Using this Arabidopsis gene sequence, a simple PCR marker (A220) was developed. The A137 and A220 markers flanked the Rfd1 locus. Two homologous Arabidopsis genes with both marker sequences were positioned on Arabidopsis chromosome 3 with an interval of 2.4 Mb. To integrate the Rfd1 locus into a previously reported expressed sequence tag (EST)-simple sequence repeat (SSR) linkage map, the radish EST sequences located in three syntenic blocks within the 2.4-Mb interval were used to develop single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for tagging each block. The SNP marker in linkage group 2 co-segregated with male fertility in an F2 population. Using radish ESTs positioned in linkage group 2, five intron length polymorphism (ILP) markers and one cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker were developed and used to construct a linkage map of the Rfd1 locus. Two closely-linked markers delimited the Rfd1 locus within a 985-kb interval of Arabidopsis chromosome 3. Synteny between the radish and Arabidopsis genomes in the 985-kbp interval were used to develop three ILP and three CAPS markers. Two ILP markers further delimited the Rfd1 locus to a 220-kb interval of Arabidopsis chromosome 3.

A core genetic map of the legume Medicago truncatula has been established by analyzing the segregation of 288 sequence-characterized genetic markers in an F2 population composed of 93 individuals. These molecular markers correspond to 141 ESTs, 80 BAC end sequence-tags, and 67 resistance gene analogs, covering 513 cM. In the case of EST-based markers we used an intron-targeted marker strategy, with primers designed to anneal in conserved exon regions and amplify across intron regions. Polymorphisms were significantly more frequent in intron vs exon regions, thus providing an efficient mechanism to map transcribed genes. Genetic and cytogenetic analysis produced eight well-resolved linkage groups, which have been previously correlated with eight chromosomes by means of FISH with mapped BAC clones. We anticipated that mapping of conserved coding regions would have utility for comparative mapping among legumes; thus 60 of the EST-based primer pairs were designed to amplify orthologous sequences across a range of legume species. As an initial test of this strategy, we used primers designed against M. truncatula exon sequences to rapidly map genes in Medicago sativa. The resulting comparative map, which includes 68 bridging markers, indicates that the two Medicago genomes are highly similar, and establishes the basis for a “Medicago” composite map.

Genetic map provides basic and important informations for breeding. Therefore, genetic map construction is a essential process in plant research. Panax ginseng is one of the most famous medical plant in the world. However, genetic informations of this medical plant for breeding are not enough. Because of little informations, genetic map construction of panax ginseng provides very useful information for breeding. Using Solexa next generation sequencing (NGS) technology, we have been produced a lot of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and whole genome sequences from Chunpoong (368 Gb) and Yunpoong (6 Gb) cultivar. To develop large amount of DNA markers and thus construct high resolution genetic map, we inspect large scale of SSR motif and putative SNP sites which can be used as dCAPs markers using produced ginseng’s sequence data. As a result, we can find a number of DNA markers that have polymorphism between Yunpoong and Chunpoong cultivar. These developed DNA markers were analyzed for F2 population of Yunpoong x Chunpoong to find markers showing Mendelian segregation ratio 1:2:1.