齐 is a simplified form of 齊. This thesis examines the evolutionary process and usage patterns of the character 齐, concluding that it exhibits both orthographic and popular forms. These two variants coexisted in ancient documents, though their frequency of use varied significantly. Moreover, the dominant glyph of 齐 differed across dynasties. From the Qing Dynasty through the Republic of China era to the Peoples Republic of China, the official standardisation of 齐 underwent a developmental trajectory from 齊 to 齐, which can be categorised into three distinct phases: the incipient period, the exploratory period, and the finalisation period.

본 연구는 전남 겨울철 생산되고 소비되는 절화장미의 외적 품질과 연관된 내적품질 분석을 위해 수행되었다. 절화장미 5품 종 ‘캐롤라인’, ‘하젤’, ‘주밀리아’, ‘핑크 셀러브레이션’, ‘빅토리 아’의 절화수명은 6.5~18.4일 수준이었다. 절화장미의 외적품 질과 수명품질간 상관성을 확인하였다. 초장은 절화수명과 양의 상관관계(r = 0.45**)를 보였던 반면, 생체중(r = -0.56**)과 줄기 직경(r = -0.54**)은 강한 음의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 화탁 의 너비와 절화수명간 유의미한 상관관계(r = 0.45**)를 확인하 였고 이는 절화장미의 꽃 형태 특성을 통해 내적품질을 예측할 수 있다는 것을 시사한다

본 사례 보고는 소아 뇌 자기공명영상(MRI) 검사에서 협조가 원활하지 않아 움직임에 의한 인공물이 발생하고, 이로 인해 시간차 자기공명혈관촬영(TOF MRA) 영상의 획득이 어려운 상황에서, 삼차원 구조화 자기공명영상(3D MPRAGE)을 수평면(axial) 방향으로 획득한 후 최대강도투사(MIP) 기법을 적용하여 혈관 형태를 성공적으로 시각 화한 사례를 소개하고, 그 임상적 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 영상 획득 시, TOF MRA는 약 7분, 3D MPRAGE는 약 4~5분의 검사 시간이 소요되었으며, 3D MPRAGE는 짧은 촬영 시간과 인코딩 방향 변경으로 인한 움직임 감소 효과를 보였다. 수평면 3D MPRAGE 영상은 주요 뇌혈관을 효과적으로 시각화하였고, 진단 해상도 면에서도 TOF 영상과 비교해 손색이 없었다. 본 사례 보고는 특히 협조가 어려운 1세에서 7세 사이의 소아 환자에서 3D MPRAGE 기반 MIP 영상이 TOF 영상의 효과적인 대안이 될 수 있음을 시사한다. 또한 혈류 흐름 방향에 맞추어 MPRAGE의 획득 단면을 조정하고 수평면 영상에 MIP 기법을 적용함으로써 뇌혈관 구조 시각화를 최적화할 수 있었다. 비록 미세혈관 표현에는 TOF 영상 대비 한계가 있었으나, 주요 대혈관 영상은 충분한 진단 정보를 제공하였다. TOF 영상 이 혈관에 특화된 반면, 3D MPRAGE는 뇌 실질 영상과 함께 뇌혈관 형태 영상까지 제공할 수 있어, 진정이 필요한 소아 환자에게 보다 유리한 대안이 될 수 있다. 이러한 접근은 검사 시간을 단축시키고, 뇌혈관 질환과 관련된 부가 적인 임상 정보를 함께 제공함으로써 영상의 진단적 가치를 향상시킬 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구는 ‘설향’ 딸기 유묘를 대상으로, 꽃눈 분화 유도 조건(단일일장, 야간 15°C)과 비유도 조건(연속광, 24－25°C)에서의 형태적 및 생리적 반응을 비교하여, 꽃눈 분화와 관련된 주요 생장 지표를 확인하고자 수행되었 다. 유묘는 15일간 각각의 환경 조건에 따라 처리된 후, 모든 처리구를 동일한 비유도 조건(연속광, 24－25°C) 하에 배양하며 총 49일간 관찰하였다. 관부 직경, 잎 수, 엽면적, 런너 수 등 형태적 지표와 함께 건물중 분포, 엽록소 농도 (SPAD), 가용성 당(자당, 포도당, 과당) 함량을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 꽃눈 분화 유도 처리군은 관부 직경과 뿌리 생 체량, 잎의 엽록소 농도가 유의하게 높았으며, 이는 생식 생장으로의 전환을 나타내는 초기 지표로 판단되었다. 반 면, 비유도 조건에서는 잎 수, 런너 수, 줄기 생체중, 엽면적이 증가하여 영양생장이 지속됨을 확인하였다. 특히, 유 도 처리 28일 이후 관부 내 자당 농도가 두드러지게 증가하였으며, 이는 꽃눈 분화 개시와의 관련성을 시사한다. 본 연구는 환경 조건에 따른 딸기 유묘의 생장 반응 차이를 규명하고, 꽃눈 분화 예측과 정식 시기 결정을 위한 유용한 생리적 지표를 제시함으로써, 환경 제어 기반의 효과적인 유묘 관리 전략 수립에 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This study investigated the occurrence and morphological characteristics of Polyphylla laticollis manchurica adults in the Miho River, Cheongju, from June to August 2024. Surveys were conducted at five sites along a 14 km stretch from upstream of Palgyeol Bridge to downstream of Oksan Bridge, including three sites along the main river and two sites in tributaries. No P. laticollis manchurica adults were found at the tributary sites. A total of 107 adults were recorded at site C and D, with peak occurrence observed between June 20 and August 4, 2024. The first occurrence date was recorded in June 20, the peak occurrence on July 5, and the last observation on August 4. The morphological measurements of the adults attracted by light trap were as follows: body length 33.38±1.68 mm; body width 16.02±1.00 mm; and body weight 1.45±0.32 g. The sex ratio (male : female) was 7.14 : 2.86. While no significant differences were observed in body length and width between males and females, females were significantly heavier during the third survey period. Most adults attracted to artificial light were males, and several dead individuals were found near streetlights and bridge. This study provides fundamental data on the occurrence period, habitat distribution, and phototactic behavior of P. l. manchurica, contributing to a better ecological understanding and conservation efforts for this endangered species.

Rapid morphological changes in fish larvae during growth make adult classification criteria ineffective for identifying larval fishes. Therefore, species identification of fish larvae requires understanding morphological changes during growth stages within and between species. However, for many fish larvae, the lack of morphological trait information, along with physical damage or protein degradation that occurs during specimen collection and preservation in the wild, creates obstacles for morphology-based identification. A fish larva (10.0 mm SL) collected from the coastal waters of the western Korean Peninsula in August 2019 exhibited morphological characteristics and melanophore distribution patterns closely matching those of an unidentified species of the family Platycephalidae (sp.5). Its MT-CO1 amplicon sequences identified it as Cociella crocodilus, through genetic similarity with MT-CO1 reference sequences and phylogenetic analyses of related species. This study provides significant insights into the early life stages of Cociella crocodilus, marking the first identification of this species at the larval stage.

This study aimed to investigate the metabolic and morphological responses of Italian ryegrass to waterlogging stress during its early growth stage. Waterlogging increased the number of adventitious roots and root porosity, indicating an enhanced oxygen transport mechanism. Phenolic compound levels were increased in both leaf and root tissues under waterlogging stress compared to the control, suggesting the development of a non-enzymatic antioxidant system. Waterlogging treatment also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels only in roots. Total soluble carbohydrates and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity increased under waterlogging stress, suggesting an increased activity of carbohydrate breakdown and energy conversion mechanisms. This study suggests that Italian ryegrass exhibits significant metabolic and morphological adaptations to waterlogging stress during its early growth stage. These adaptations demonstrate that Italian ryegrass has developed tolerance mechanisms to cope with such stress.

This study investigated the morphological characteristics and regional variations of leaves, flowers, and seeds of Quercus myrsinifolia Blume to understand its ecological adaptation and the effects of environmental factors. Samples were collected from Jinju, Hapcheon, and Sancheong, and nine leaf traits, six flower traits, and five seed traits were analyzed. Significant regional variations were observed, with Hapcheon exhibiting the largest leaf and flower sizes, while Sancheong showed the largest and heaviest seeds. Jinju recorded the smallest values for most traits. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed distinct regional groupings, with Hapcheon displaying intermediate traits, Sancheong larger traits, and Jinju smaller traits. Correlation analysis identified strong positive relationships between leaf length and width, seed length and weight, and the number of staminate flowers and catkin width, highlighting key indicators for growth. Climate factors such as temperature and precipitation significantly influenced morphological traits, with higher temperatures negatively affecting leaf and seed sizes, while precipitation showed a weak positive correlation with seed weight. Among soil factors, pH and magnesium content were closely related to morphological traits. pH exhibited a negative correlation with leaf length and petiole length, while magnesium showed a positive correlation with seed weight and leaf width. These findings underscore the significant role of environmental factors in morphological variation and provide valuable insights for developing regionally adaptive breeding strategies. These findings provide foundational data for developing region-specific breeding strategies and cultivars for Q. myrsinifolia, contributing to ecological management and climate change adaptation strategies.