This study aimed to evaluate the germination characteristics, -glucan and antioxidant contents, and antioxidant activity of naked oat according to germination temperature (20, 25, and 30oC) and time (24, 48, and 72 h). Sprout length was highest at 25oC, and the rotten degree was increased as the germination temperature and time increased. The -glucan content of naked oat increased after 24 h of germination at all temperatures and then decreased by 72 h of germination. Total polyphenol content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity increased as the germination temperature and time increased.

A new naked oat cultivar, ‘Jungmo2005’(Avena nuda L.), was developed for food and forage use by National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2010. It was derived from a cross between F1[‘Early80’/‘Gwiri33’] and F1[‘Early80’/‘Gwiri23’]. ‘Early80’, a covered oats, has early heading and high yielding, while ‘Gwiri23’ of covered type and ‘Gwiri33’ of naked type has early heading with large-size grain. ‘Jungmo2005’ has the characteristics of narrow and long leaves of pale green color, middle diameter culm of yellow color and medium grain of whitish yellow color. Cultivar ‘Jungmo2005’ had 2 days earlier heading date (May 9) than the check cultivar ‘Seonyang’ (May 11) in field condition. The ‘Jungmo2005’ showed better winter hardiness than that of the check cultivar, and similar to the check cultivar in respect to lodging resistance. The ‘Jungmo2005’ had 105 cm of culm length, 21.5 cm of spike length, 658 spikes per m2, 82 grains per spike, 23.3 g of 1,000-grain weight, and 622 g of test weight. The grain yield of ‘Jungmo2005’ was averaged 3.38 MT ha-1, which was 6% higher than that of the check. Average forage fresh and dry matter yield of ‘Jungmo2005’ harvested at milk-ripe stage were 44.8 and 12.6 tone ha-1, respectively, compared with 47.5 and 12.5 tone ha-1 of the check. The protein content of the ‘Jungmo2005’ was similar to the check (7.6% and 7.5%, respectively), while ADF (28.6%) and NDF (51.5%) were lower than the check (31.4% and 57.0%, respectively). TDN content and RFV were higher than those of the check (66.3%, 120.3 and 64.1, 105.2, respectively). ‘Jungmo2005’ is recommended for fall sowing cropping only in the south area where daily minimum mean temperatures are averaged higher than -4 ℃ in January, and it should not be cultivated in mountain areas, where frost damages is likely to occur. The areas would do better only to sow in spring season.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the appropriate amount of oats to add to rice and the merits of oat meal. We analyzed the physicochemical characteristics, cooking properties, functional components, and sensory evaluation according to the amount of oats added in the cooked rice. Compared with rice, the oat showed higher level in protein, fat, total β-glucan and total polyphenol, but not for starch. Therefore, the amount of chemical and functional components was increased significantly with the increase in the amount of oats added. Water absorption and expansion were decreased with the increase in the amount of oat added. Oleic acid content was increased and linoleic acid content was decreased slightly. Unsaturated fatty acid content was greatly increased. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity were increased significantly according to the amount of oats added. As a result of sensory evaluation, the most appropriate amount of oat added was 20% and 30%. By the addition of oat, the β- glucan content of the cooked rice and the antioxidant activity could increase.

본 연구에서는 영양학적 가치가 높은 쌀귀리의 식품산업 이용률을 높이고자 쌀귀리를 입도별로 제조하여 이들의 이화학적 특성 및 항산화 활성을 비교하였다. 쌀귀리의 조 단백질, 조지방 및 조회분 함량이 각각 15.7%, 10.0% 및 1.8%이었으며, 입도가 작아질수록 이들의 함량은 감소하였다. 주요 유리아미노산은 비필수아미노산 중에서는 cystine(58.3 mg%), β-aminoisobutyric acid(53.8 mg%) 등, 필수아미노산 중에서는 phenylalanine(8.6 mg%)과 histidine (12.2 mg%)이었으며, 입도가 작아질수록 함량은 감소하였다. 총 전분, 아밀로스, 손상전분, 총 식이섬유, β-glucan 및 총 유리당 함량은 각각 56.4%, 21.4%, 11.7%, 11.0%, 4.7% 및 2,555.3 mg%이었으며, 입도가 작아질수록 총 전분, 아밀로스 및 손상전분의 함량은 감소한 반면에 총 식이섬유 와 β-glucan의 함량은 증가하였다. 색도는 L 값이 75.3, a 값이 0.3 및 b 값이 13.1이었으며, 입도가 작아질수록 L 값은 증가하였으나 a와 b 값은 감소하였다. 호화특성은 최고점도가 263.8 RVU, 최저점도가 155.6 RVU 및 최종점도가 399.3 RVU이었으며, 입도가 작아질수록 최고점도와 최종점도는 증가하였다. TPC, TFC 및 항산화 활성(DPPH radical assay, ABTS radical cation assay 및 reducing power) 은 각각 237.8 μg/g, 90.9 μg/g, 57.3%, 53.4% 및 0.23이었으며, 입도가 작아질수록 항산화 성분 및 항산화 활성은 감소 하였다. 한편 TPC와 TFC에 관한 각 항산화 활성의 결정계수(correlation determination coefficient, R2) 값이 각각 0.87 이상과 0.81 이상으로 나타나 항산화 성분과 항산화 활성은 상관성을 보였다.

Consumption of oat-based food is rapidly increasing due to consumer preference for functional foods. Until now, breeding is focused on the development of naked oat for food in Korea. Hulled oats recognized as forage have strong merits for yield and stability in cultivation except milling properties. Lately, advanced milling technology provides an opportunity to use hulled oats for food. Therefore, the processing characteristics of hulled oats are of great importance for food use. This study examined the physicochemical properties and dietary fiber of 9 Korean oat cultivars (4 hulled oats as compared with 5 naked oat cultivars). Findings showed that the color values (i.e. L and W) of hulled oat cultivars in seed and flours are lighter than the naked oats. The protein and ash contents are higher in hulled oats as compared with naked oats. The unsaturated fatty acid (USFA), mainly C18:1, C18:2 were 80~83%. USFA of ‘Daeyang’ (DY, naked) and ‘Jopung’ (JP, hulled) were 82.0 and 81.9% respectively. Total Dietary fiber and Total β-Glucan contents ranged from 13.2 to 20.6% and from 3.4 to 4.1% in oat flours. The ‘DY’ (4.10%, naked), ‘JP’(4.09%, hulled) and Highspeed (4.07%, hulled) showed high levels of β-Glucan contents. Findings of the study will provide useful information in extending the use of hulled oats for food.

‘수양’은 우리나라에서 재배가 가능한 조숙 양질 다수성 쌀귀리 품종을 육성하고자 1996년에 조숙성인 ‘식용귀리’를 모본으로, 조숙 대립 겉귀리 계통인 ‘귀리23호’를 부본으로 인공교배를 하여 계통 및 집단육종법에 의해 선발된 ‘SO96025-B-303-44-2-4’ 계통이다. 이 계통은 2003년부터 생산력검정시험을 거쳐 계통명이 ‘귀리56호’로 명명되었고, 2005년부터 지역적응시험을 거쳐 2010년에 육성된 품종이다. ‘수양’의 잎은 담녹색이고 폭과 길이는 좁고 짧으며, 종실은 길고 황갈색이다. ‘수양’의 출수기는 재배지 평균 4월 28일로서, 기존에 육성된 ‘선양’에 비해 11일 빨랐으며, 성숙기 또한 6월 7일로서 ‘선양’에 비해 6일 빨랐다. ‘수양’의 내한성은 표준품종인 ‘선양’ 보다 강하였고, 도복도 ‘선양’과 같은 수준이었다. ‘수양’은 m2당수수가 568개로 51개 적었으나, 1수립수는 73개로서 7개 많았고, ℓ중은 646 g으로서 596 g인 ‘선양’에 비해 50 g, 천립중은 29.2 g으로 4.2 g 무거운 편이었다. 지역적응시험에서 ‘수양’의 평균 종실 수량은 4.35 톤/ha으로 표준품종인 ‘선양’보다 29% 많았다. ‘수양’은 ‘선양’에 비해 탈부율이 100%로 높고, 조단백질 함량이 11.3%, 베타글루칸 함량이 4.7%로 표준품종인 ‘선양’과 비슷하였다.

"대양"은 우리 나라에서 재배가 가능한 조숙 양질 다수성 쌀귀리 품종을 육성하고자 미국의 조숙성 쌀귀리 계통인 'LX446-1-84-Q1'을 모본, 대립 겉귀리 계통인 'SO92004-B-3-3-5-7'을 부본으로 인공 교배하여 계통육종법에 의해 계통을 선발한 후 2002년부터 생산력검정시험과 지역적응시험을 거쳐 2007년에 육성된 품종이다. 그 특성은 다음과 같다. 1. "대양"은 잎폭은 넓으며, 이삭형은 산수형이고, 종실은 길고 갈색이다. 2. "대

　A new naked oat cultivar ‘hoyang’(Avena sativa L.) was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2007. It was derived from a cross between ‘ikyonggwiri’and ‘wiri23’ The cultivar, Sikyonggwiri is early heading while the breeding line Gwiri23 has a high yielding potential with large-size grain. Bulk method combined with pedigree selection program was employed in subsequent generations, and the promising line SO96025-B-303- 44-2-5 was selected for agronomic performance in 2002. The line showed both high yield and good husking rate of seed in the Yield Trial tested at Suwon in 2003 to 2004, and was subsequently designated as ‘wiri57’ Gwiri57 was evaluated for winter hardiness, earliness, and yield in four locations, Gimje, Iksan, Jeongeup and Jinju from 2005 to 2007 and was released as Choyang. Choyang headed 11 days earlier and matured 5 days earlier than the check cultivar ‘unyang’in the paddy field condition. The new cultivar Choyang had 97 cm of culm length and 23.4 cm of spike length, 658 spikes per m2, 75 grains per spike, 28.8 g of 1,000-grain weight, and 636 g of test weight. Choyang showed better winter hardiness than that of the check cultivar Sunyang, and similar seed quality to the check cultivar in respect to crude protein (12.9%) and β-glucan content (4.7%). However, it showed higher husking rate than the check cultivar. The grain yield of Choyang in the regional yield trial for 3 consecutive years was averaged 4.67 MT ha-1, which was 38% higher than that of the check cultivar Sunyang. Choyang is recommended for the fall sowing cropping only in the southern area where daily minimum mean temperatures are averaged higher than -4℃ in January, and is not recommended the in mountain area where frost damage is presumable.