In the history of Chinese academics, Xu Shen’s Shuowen Jiezi (hereinafter referred to as Shuowen) is known as “the first of its kind in the world” because it has the dual characteristics of explaining the form, sound, and meaning of Chinese characters and the characteristics of theoretical works on philology, both of which are practical. It has not only become a treasure of codex for the compilation of character books and exegesis, but also laid down the basic patterns of traditional philology and biblio-linguistics, with far-reaching influence. Many scholars have researched Shuowen in the past dynasties, resulting in the formation of an independent thematic discipline called Shuowen, also known as Xuxue (許學). According to Ding Fubao (丁福保), Shuowen jiezi Gulin (hereinafter referred to as Gulin) attached to the Yingyong Zhushu Xingshi Lu (引用諸書姓氏錄) statistics, there were as many as 203 people in the Qing Dynasty who studied and wrote Shuowen. In fact, there are many scholars and their achievements that are not included in the statistics. After Gulin, especially in the last 30 years, a lot of new materials of scholars in the Qing Dynasty who studied the Shuowen have been excavated and published. Most of these new materials are dispersed in their original state in different large series, so they are rarely researched and utilized, and their documentary and scholarly value is in urgent need of formal recognition. Based on the preliminary results of the major project of the National Social Science Foundation (21&ZD299) chaired by Li Yunfu (李運富), this article discusses the excavation, collation, and research of new materials on Shuowen in the Qing Dynasty.

이 글은 중국어 평가와 교육의 변화에 주목하면서 HSK 교과교육에서 다루어야 할 교육내용을 파악하기 위한 목적으로,『新HSK大綱(2015)』의 ‘話題大綱’을 기준 삼아 新HSK 5급 기출문제의 화제 범주를 분석하고 출제의 경향성을 고찰한 것이다. 먼저, 교육기준인『國際大綱 (2014)』의 ‘漢語敎學話題’와 평가기준인『新HSK大綱(2015)』의 ‘話題大綱’을 비교하고『新HSK大 綱(2015)』의 ‘話題’가 등급별로 범주와 항목이 체계적으로 확정되어 있음을 살펴보았다. 다음으로, 2012년과 2014년 기출문제의 화제 범주를 분석하여 新HSK 5급의 화제 범주는 사회생활을 체험해야 하는 학습자의 상황을 전제로 한 내용들이고 일상생활이 가장 높은 분포율을 보였음을 파악하였다. 마지막으로, 新HSK 5급 기출문제의 화제 범주와 항목 내용을 중심으 로 新HSK 5급의 출제 경향을 논의하였다. 일상생활, 과학기술, 자연, 경제 범주의 문제는 주로 현실을 반영하고 있고, 문학예술, 체험적 깨달음, 일과직업, 문화, 교육 범주의 문제는 주로 사회적 가치를 판단하고 있음을 밝혔다. 분포율에 근거할 때, 현실을 반영하는 문제가 가치를 판단하는 문제보다 비중이 높았음을 고찰하였다.

We synthesized new hole-transporting material, N,N'-diethyl-3,3'-bicarbazyl (E-Cvz-2), 9,9'-diethyl-6-(9-ethyl-carbazol-3-yl)-3,3'-bicarbazole (E-Cvz-3), 6-(9,9'-diethyl-3,3'-bicarbazol-6-yl)-9,9'-diethyl-3,3'-bicarbazole (E-Cvz-4A) and 9-ethyl-6-(9-ethyl-3,9'-bicarbazol-6-yl)-3,9'-bicarbazole (E-Cvz-4B). EL luminance efficiencies of E-Cvz-2, E-Cvz-3, E-Cvz-4A and E-Cvz-4B devices were found to be 4.77, 5.68, 4.27 and 4.64 cd/A, respectively, when synthesized materials are using as a HTL material. The luminance efficiency of E-Cvz-3 is 25% higher than that of NPB, a commercialized HTL material used as a reference in this study.

This study was aimed to improve the productivity and income of mushroom farming by developing a new casing material as a substitute for clay loam casing soil, which is becoming more difficult to acquire. When the new casing materials were used for the stable production of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), a 1:1 mixture of clay loam and button mushroom media obtained after harvest supported 13% greater mycelial growth (32.0 kg/3.3 m²). This material was better than clay loam soil in preventing contamination with environmental compounds and pests. The use of an inexpensive 1:1 mixture of peat moss and coco peat resulted superior mycelial growth with 4% better yield (32.9 kg/3.3 m²) compared with conventional clay loam soil. Advantages of these casing materials included ready availability and improved productivity. Mixtures of peat moss + coco peat + zeolite (50%:30%:20%) and coco peat + coal ash (75%:25%) could substitute for conventional casing soil. Additionally, the novel mixtures containing material obtained after cultivation might be used to produce organic fertilizer.

New three emitting compounds, AK-1, AK-2 and AK-3 including diazocine moiety were synthesized through Suzuki-coupling reaction. Physical properties such as optical, electroluminescent properties were investigated. UV-visible spectrum of AK-1, AK-2 and AK-3 in film state showed maximum 392, 393 and 401 nm. PL spectrum of AK-1, AK-2 and AK-3 showed maximum emission wavelength of 472, 473 and 435 nm. Three compounds were used as EML in OLED device: ITO/2-TNATA (60 nm)/NPB (15 nm)/EML (35 nm)/Alq3 (20 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (200 nm). AK-3 OLED device showed C.I.E value of (0.18, 0.26) and luminance efficiency of 0.51 cd/A at 10 mA/cm2. New derivatives including diazocine moiety were introduced as OLED emitting material and the EL efficiency was increased by the proper combination of core and side group.

Two emitting compounds, 9,10-bis-[1,1;3,1]terphenyl-5-yl-1,5-di-o-tolyl- anthracene [TP-DTA-TP] and 9,10-bis-phenyl[1,1;3,1]triphenyl-5-yl-1,5-di-o- tolylanthracene[ TPB-DTA-TPB] based on newtwisted core moiety were synthesized through boration, Suzuki reaction, and Sandmeyer reactions. EL performance was improved by varying the chemical structure of the side group. Physical properties such as optical, electrochemical, and electroluminescent properties were investigated. Synthesized compounds were used as an EML in OLED device: ITO/2-TNATA (60 nm)/NPB (15 nm)/TP-DTA-TP or TPB-DTA-TPB (35 nm)/Alq3 (20 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (200 nm). It was found that TPB-DTA-TPB showed higher luminance efficiency and better C.I.E. value than TP-DTA-TP device.

Since the settlement of the underground ground occurred in Seok-Chon Underground Roadway in Seoul from August 2014, the social interest of ground stability has increased. Thus, in this paper, We introduce not only the legal counterplan about the ground settlement but also a result of study on how many new materials can be used in the repairing of ground settlement.

이 논문은 양구 고대리유적의 자료를 중심으로 북한강유역 청동기시대 천전리식 주거의 출현과정을 검 토한 글이다. 이에 앞서 양구 고대리유적에서 조사된 주거지 중 점토다짐구역이 시설되었으나 평면형태상 천전리식 주거와 차이를 보이는 동시에 정형성을 보이는 주거 형태를 고대리식 주거라 명명하였으며, 단계설정과 편년을 통해 고대리식 주거의 시간적 위치를 부여하고 점토다짐구역의 변화가 갖는 의미를 살펴 보았다. 고대리유적은 유물양상을 통해 총 4단계로 구분하였다. 이 중 고대리식 주거는 2단계에 출현해 역삼동식 주거와 공존함과 동시에 천전리식 주거의 이른 형태가 출현한다. 그러나 유물은 여전히 전기 후반의 양상을 보이며 천전리식 주거와 병존하는 3단계에서야 전환기적인 양상의 유물이 확인된다. 이러한 양상 을 종합해 2단계를 전기 후반~중기 전반, 3단계를 중기 전반으로 편년하였고, 고대리식 주거는 천전리식 주거가 정착한 4단계 중기 후반 이후 급격히 소멸한다. 고대리식 주거의 점토다짐구역은 2~3단계를 거치면서 평면형태상 점진적인 변화과정을 겪는다. 특히 주거지 내부 저장공의 위치가 점토다짐구역 외측으로 이동하는 현상과 유물분포양상은 주거의 규모 및 장단비 축소와 점진적인 공간의 기능분화에서 비롯된 점 토다짐구역의 축소와 이동현상으로 파악된다. 이상에서 그간 역삼동식 주거의 영향 하에 자체 발생한 것으로 유추했던 천전리식 주거는 역삼동식-고대리식 ․ 용암리식-천전리식 주거로 이어지는 시간적 ․ 계통적 연결선상에 있으며, 고대리식 주거는 용암 리식 주거와 더불어 천전리식 주거의 출현과정에서 상이한 공간분화를 거친 과도기적 주거형태로 판단된다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the LOHAS tendency of new seniors' and its effects on the attitude and purchase intention for environmental-friendly food materials. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey from random sample of 162 senior customers in Seoul and Kyunggi area. The LOHAS tendency of new seniors can be divided into three factors; environmental-friendly, sustainability and sociality. Environmental problems affected the environmental-friendly factor the most while manufacturing techniques for sustainable products and recycling habits were key variables for the sustainability factor. The idea of companies sharing their value system of LOHAS tendency was the most significant for the sociality factor. Each of these LOHAS tendency factors influenced the purchase intention of the new seniors.

구조모델의 하나인 Maxwell-Eucken(ME) 모델을 이용하여 불포화 다공성 매질의 유효열전도도를 예측할 수 있는 새로운 모델을 제시하였다. 제시된 모델은 기질, 물 그리고 공기가 각각 연속상으로 존재하는 경우에 해당하는 3개 ME모델의 선형조합으로 표현되며, 매질 내에서 각 성분의 상대적 연속성 정도를 나타내는 '연속성계수'의 개념을 도입하여 선형방정식의 계수로 이용하였다. 기질의 연속성계수는 공극률과 선형의 관계를, 물과 공기의 연속성계수는 포화도와 선형 또는 비선형의 관계를 갖는 것으로 가정하였다. 공극구조가 알려진 3개 시료에 대한 열전달 모사 결과와 3개 시료의 열전도도 실험 결과를 이용하여 제시된 모델의 신뢰성을 평가하였다. 6개 시료에 대한 모델 예측값의 결정계수(R2)는 선형모델의 경우 0.86-0.98, 비선형모델의 경우 0.88-0.99로 나타나 모델의 예측 신뢰도가 매우 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 6개 시료에 대한 분석 결과를 이용하여 기질의 연속성계수와 공극률과의 관계식을 제시하였다. 따라서 본 예측모델은 기질의 열전도도, 공극률 및 포화도로부터 불포화 다공성 매질의 유효열전도도를 계산하는 데 이용될 수 있다.

The first checklist of the North Korean insects was presented by Zhu (1969), and it included 34 species of Tortricidae. From the early 1970s to the late 1980s, the Hungarian Natural History Museum (HNHM) had conducted zoological expeditions to North Korea under cooperative scientific research agreements (Park & Lee, 1992). These expeditions added significant information to our knowledge of the fauna of North Korea, including a large numbers of Lepidoptera. Based on the entomological collection of Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, we report three species of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera), Ancylis melanostigma Kuznetsov, Eucoenogenes japonica Kawabe, and Eucosma glebana (Snellen) for the first time from North Korea. Photos of adults and the genitalia of the newly recorded species are provided with brief comments on the distribution. Also taxonomic accounts for the species are given.

Some materials belonging to the Leptostrobus myeongamensis Kim were found in the Upper Triassic Amisan Formation, Nampo Group, Korea. This species is closely associated with the foliage of Czekanowskia ex gr. rigida Heer. Although none of Leptostrobus myeongamensis Kim has been found in organic connection with Czekanowskia leaves, it is considered that they belong to the same taxa based on their common occurrence. The occurrence of Leptostrobus myeongamensis Kim from the Late Triassic floras of Korea is one of the oldest records in the Mesozoic floras found in the world.

[ Cf/C-Cu ]composites were fabricated by infiltrating molten Cu into different Cf/C preforms prepared by chemical vapor infiltration, resin impregnation and carbonization. The microstructure and properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that Cu in the composites filled the pores and showed network-like distribution. Compared with homemade J204 brush material and certain grade pantograph slider from abroad, the composites have higher flexural strength and better electrical conductivity. The friction and wear properties of the composites are better than that of J204, and closed to that of the abroad material.

A technology of hardening porous materials of titan powders has been elaborated. The technology is based on passing alternating current with duration of ~10-1...101 s through porous (35...40%) blanks made by method of Sintering by Electric Discharge (SED) by passing a pulse of current with duration of ~10-5...10-3 s. The influence of technological regimes of porous blanks treatment on their structure and properties is investigated. Geometry and dimension of contact necks between powder particles of obtained samples are evaluated. Variations of porosity and strengths as well as microstructure of porous samples materials before and after treatment are investigated. Optimum range of treatment technological regimes is determined within which porosity of 30...35% with maximum strength values.

Significant advances in mechanical testing for hard materials are discussed in this paper. There are three specific areas that are covered. In the measurement of fracture toughness factors such as the control of slow crack growth to produce strating cracks, and evaluating reproducibility and repeatability of tests have been recently examined. The miniaturization of tests reduces the amount of material that is used in testing, improves the throughput of tests, and also improves cost effectiveness. New techniques such as stepwise testing and micro scratch testing have contributed to significant additions to the knowledge of the wear mechanisms that operate in these materials.