This study was conducted to investigation species of microbes collected form SMS(spent mushroom substrate) of oyster mushroom. SMS samples were collected from two farms and mushroom research Institute in Gyeonggi-Do. 52 microbial isolates form SMS of oyster mushroom were collected. 24 of these isolates identified Bacillus sp. By using 16s rDNA. Among the isolates, Bacillus sp. was the most abundant with 46% of total isolates, followed by Lactococcus sp. with 20% and Saccharomycetales contained Galactomyces sp. with 19%. To define the optimum conditions for the cell mass of major isolates collected from SMS of oyster mushroom, we have investigated optimum culture condition such as pH, temperature, and incubation time. Optimum initial pH, temperature and incubation time of Bacillus sp. were determined as pH 6.0, 25°C and 48 hours, respectively. In the Lactococcus sp, optimum initial pH 6.0, optimum initial temperature 35°C and optimum growth period 48 hours. Optimum initial conditions of Saccharomycetales were investigated as pH 7.0, temperature 25°C and growth period 36 hours, respectively.

This experiment was conducted to establish the best salting for oyster mushrooms fermented pickles to develop new product and enhance quality for long term preservation. Changes of brine solution and mushroom were investigated during salting 10, 13, 16, 19% for 20 days by raw, blanched and dried type. The pH of the brine solution in the raw and dried mushroom form decreased and increased in the blanched form during storage. There was general increasing tendency of salinity of the brine solution as preservation period increases. The final salinity of mushroom after 20 days was generally lower than initial salinity and moisture content tended to be lowered as the salinity increases. The final hardness of mushroom after 20 days was mostly high in dried type and tended to be lowered in high salinity. The L value on the stand part of mushroom was brighter as the salinity decreases and the b value tended to be lowered as the salinity increases.

Oyster mushrooms are popular and physiologically beneficial to human health. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of oyster mushrooms such as Pleurotus ostreatus, P. pulmonarius, and P. citrinopileatus on high cholesterol fed rats. Five-week old female Sprague-Dawley albino rats were divided into three groups of 8 rats each. Feeding a diet containing a 5% fruiting body powder of Pleurotus species to high cholesterol fed rats reduced plasma total cholesterol (TG), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Feeding each oyster mushroom also significantly reduced body weight in high cholesterol fed rats. However, it had no adverse effects on plasma albumin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, glucose, total protein or enzyme profiles such as glutamate oxalate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) which are related to kidney function. Feeding each mushroom increased total lipid and cholesterol excretion in feces. A histological study of hepatic cells by conventional red O staining showed normal findings in mushroom-fed hyperlipidemic rats. These results suggested that diet supplementation of 5% fruiting body power of Pleurotus species provided health benefits by acting on the atherogenic lipid profile in high cholesterol fed rats.

This study was conducted to investigate the optimum additive ratio of barley flour when used instead of cotton seed meal for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms. Mycelial growth was the fastest to 11.4 cm in medium containing 5% barley flour and to 9.0 cm in medium containing 30% barley flour. The mycelial density was slightly lower at 5% and 10% of barley powder addition, but there was no significant difference between the other treatments. The yield of the fruiting bodies was 158 g/850 mL, which was highest on treatment with 10% barley flour as a substitute for cotton seed meal. However, this was lower on treatments with only barley flour than in the control (156 g/850 mL). The diameter of the pileus and the hardness of stipes were highest with 10% barley flour and 10% in cotton seed meal, respectively. The L value was highest with 10% added barley flour, but the a-value and the b-value were not significantly different between treatments. The pH of the mixed media before inoculation with Pleurotus ostreatus was 4.7–5.0, and the total nitrogen content was 1.7–2.2, which was slightly lower than that of the control. The total carbon content was 44.6–45.0, which was not significantly different from that of the control. However, the content of trace elements such as Cu and Fe was lower than those of the control.

This study was carried out to develop the technology to manage the growth of mushrooms, which were cultivated based on long-term information obtained from quantified data. In this study, hardware that monitored and controlled the growth environment of the mushroom cultivation house was developed. An algorithm was also developed to grow mushrooms automatically. Environmental management for the growth of mushrooms was carried out using cultivation sites, computers, and smart phones. To manage the environment of the mushroom cultivation house, the environmental management data from farmers cultivating the highest quality mushrooms in Korea were collected and a growth management database was created. On the basis of the database value, the management environment for the test cultivar (hukthali) was controlled at 0.5 °C with 3–7% relative humidity and 10% carbon dioxide concentration. As a result, it was possible to produce mushrooms that were almost similar to those cultivated in farms with the best available technology.

King oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii), an improved species of oyster mushroom, is a popular ingredient in Asian cuisine. Spleen cells were treated with various concentrations (0, 5, 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 μg/mL) of king oyster water extracts (KOWE); then, the proliferation of the cells was measured 24, 48, and 72 h after each treatment. Also, type 1 T helper cytokine productions (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2) were measured in activated macrophage by KOWE in seven concentrations. Under the condition of its 50, 100, 250, and 1,000 μg/mL for 48 h, the proliferation of cells was increased. However, there was no significant fluctuation in the spleen cells proliferation for 24 and 72 h-long KOWE exposure. To determine cytokine (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2) productions of type 1 T helper cells, macrophage was stimulated by KOWE for 48 h. Treatment of KOWE gave a rise to the levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ, but not in that of IL-2 productions. These results suggest that king oyster mushroom water extracts may be beneficial for enhancing immune functions in its high concentration.

단감원에서 식나무깍지벌레의 발생을 최소화하고자 시기별 발생특성과 우수 방제약제를 선발하였다. 가지에서 월동한 약충이나 암컷 깍지 는 9월 중순경에 교미 후, 월동에 들어가며 다음 해 봄철에 기온상승과 더불어 포란과 산란의 과정을 거쳐, 5월 중하순까지 산란을 마친 후 죽었 다. 수컷은 대부분 9월 말까지 우화하여 암컷과 교미하고 죽었으나 낙엽에서 월동하는 개체의 경우 모두 사멸하였다. 식나무깍지벌레의 산란 특 성은 매년 기상상황에 따라 차이가 있었고, 4월 중순부터 5월 중·하순까지 산란하고, 5월 초․ 중순에 산란 최성기를 보였다. 산란 량은 160개 정 도로 추정되며, 산란 최성기로부터 약 1주일 경과 후 부화 최성기를 보였다. 여름철에는 7월 초․ 중순에 시작하여 8월 중․ 하순까지 산란하고, 7월 말과 8월 초에 산란 최성기에 도달하며, 암컷 한 마리당 산란수는 봄철보다도 다소 적은 130개 정도이고, 난 기간은 약 4일로 추정되었다. 가는 가지에서 월동한 성충이 산란한 알로부터 부화한 1세대 약충은 가지와 잎에서 각각 10%, 90% 정도의 비율로 관찰되었다. 가는 가지에서 대부분 암컷 깍지로 발육하고 2009년 7월 27일 2세대 약충 발생 최성기에 도달한 다음 8월 중 ․ 하순경부터 월동처로 정하고 살아간다. 암컷과 수컷 깍지 는 8월 이전까지 잎에서 거의 비슷한 비율로 발육하다가, 2009년 8월 12일 이후 잎에서 수컷의 약충 발생 최성기를 시작으로 8월 27일 수컷 깍지 벌레 발생 최성기, 9월 14일 전후로 수컷 성충의 발생에 이르기까지 일관된 발생관계를 관계를 보여주었다. 8월 12일 잎에서 관찰되는 약충 중 75% 정도는 발육하여 수컷으로 우화하여 교미하고 죽는 것으로 나타났다. Buprofezine+dinotefurn (20+15) WP로 6월 9일과 16일 2회 방제 하고 7주 후에 생사충을 판정한 결과 방제가가 90.6%로 나타났다.

The oyster mushroom cultivation house typically has multiple layers of growing shelves that cause the disturbance of air circulation inside the mushroom house. Due to this instability in the internal environment, growth distinction occurs according to the area of the growing shelves. It is known that minimal air circulation around the mushroom cap facilitates the metabolism of mushrooms and improves their quality. For the purpose of this study, a CFD analysis FLUENT R16 has been carried out to improve the internal environment uniformity of the oyster mushroom cultivation house. It is found that installing a section of the working passage towards the ceiling is to maintain the internal environment uniformity of the oyster mushroom cultivation house. When all the environment control equipment – including a unit cooler, an inlet fan, an outlet fan, an air circulation fan, and a humidifier – were operated simultaneously, the reported Root Mean Square (RMS) valuation the growing shelves were as follows: velocity 23.86%, temperature 6.08%, and humidity 2.72%. However, when only a unit cooler and an air circulation fan operated, improved RMS values on the growing shelves were reported as follows: velocity 23.54%, temperature 0.51%, and humidity 0.41%. Therefore, in order to maintain the internal environment uniformity of the mushroom cultivation house, it is essential to reduce the overall operating time of the inlet fan, outlet fan, and humidifier, while simultaneously appropriately manage the internal environment by using a unit cooler and an air circulation fan.

A huge amount of waste oyster shells are being produced in the southern coast of South Korea. In order to find the possibility to recycle the waste as construction materials, mechanical characteristics of oyster-shell such as compressive strength and modulus of elasticity, were investigated. Compressive strength tests for mortar specimen with varying blending ratio of cement, water, fine aggregate, and oyster-shell were compared with normal cement mortar. There was continuous decreasing tendency in compressive strength as increasing dosages of oyster-shell when used as a replacement of cement, however strength and stiffness were increased around 10% of dosages of oyster-shell when used as a replacement of fine aggregate. The experiment results demonstrate that oyster-shells can be recycled and effective in replacement of not only cement but also fine aggregates.

The beneficial effects of EM on plant growth, yield, quality in agriculture have been consistently demonstrated. In this study, EM of four types used is Lactobaillus sp., saccharomyces cerevisiea, Rhodobacter sp. and Bacillus sp.. Bacillus sp. inhibited Mycelium growth of the oyster mushroom in agar plate. Bacillus sp. is known to suppress plant pathogenic microorganism in soil. The other three type of EM did not inhibit mycelium growth of oyster mushroom. Also when filtering media of Lactobacillus sp. and saccharomyces cerevisiea cultivation add to liquid media(PDB) of oyster mushroom, mycelium growth was a little faster than control. In the column test, Mycelium growth of the medium inoculated with 0.5% saccharomyces cerevisiea was faster than the control. In the substrate inoculated Rhodobacter sp. was similar to the control. In the substrate inoculated Lactobacillus sp. of higher concentration, mycelium growth of the oyster mushroom was showed late than control.

‘Mantari’ is a new variety of oyster mushroom for bottle culture. It was bred by crossingmonokaryons isolated from ‘DM11732’ and ‘Chunchu-2ho’. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was 26~29°C on PDA medium, and that for the primordia formation and the growth of fruiting body of ‘Mantari’ on sawdust mediawas 18°C and 16°C. It took 32 days to finish spawn running, 4 days to finish primordia formation, and 3 days to finish fruiting body growth in the bottle culture. The fruitcharacteristics: the pileus was round and gray-black in color, and the stipe was long, thin, and light gray in color. The yield per bottle was 179 g/900 ml and was 5% higher than that of the control variety (Chunchu-2ho). The physical properties of the fruit body were as follows: springiness, cohesive, gumminess, and brittleness of the stipe tissue were 96%, 76%, 160 g, and 15 kg, respectively.

‘Mantari’ is a new variety of oyster mushroom for the bottle culture. It was bred by mating with monokaryons isolated from ‘DM11732’ and ‘Chunchu-2ho’. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was 26~29°C on PDA medium and that for the primordia formation and the growth of fruiting body of ‘Mantari’ was 18°C and 16°C on sawdust media. It took 32 days to finish spawn running, 4 days to finish primordia formation, 3 days to finish fruitbody growth in the bottle culture. In the characteristics of fruit body, pilei were round type and dark grayish, stipe color was gray-white color and stipe shape was long and thin. The yield per bottle was 179g/900ml and was 5% higher than that of control veriety(Chunchu-2ho). As results of the physical properties of fruit body, springness, cohesive, gumminess and brittleness of stipe tissue were 96%, 76%, 160g and 15kg, respectively.