Carbonized blocks with different porosities were prepared by varying the particle size of the filler and subsequent impregnation. The impregnated carbonized blocks were re-carbonized. The use of smaller particles in the filler in the carbonized block was associated with larger porosity, smaller pore size, and a higher impregnation ratio. The block with the smallest average particle size (53 μm), CB-53, had a porosity of 35.9% and pores of approximately 40 μm, while the block with the largest average particle size (413 μm), CB-413, had a porosity of 30.5% and pores of approximately 150 μm. CB-53 had the highest bulk density, electrical resistivity, flexural strength, and impregnation ratio. This is due to the large porosity, which is believed to be due to the presence of more interfaces between particles during the re-carbonization of the impregnated carbonized block, resulting in a better pore-filling effect.

Background: Lower back pain/injuries are common in caregivers, and physical stresses at the lower back during patient care are considered a primary cause. An instrumented hospital bed my help reduce the physical loads during patient repositioning. Objects: We estimated the physical stresses at the lower back during patient repositioning to assess biomechanical benefits of the instrumented hospital bed. Methods: Fourteen individuals repositioned a patient lying on an instrumented hospital bed. Trials were acquired for three types of repositioning (boosting superiorly, pulling laterally, and rolling from supine to side-lying). Trials were also acquired with two bed heights (10 and 30 cm below the anterior superior iliac spine), and with and without the bed tilting feature. During trials, kinematics of an upper body and hand pulling forces were recorded to determine the compressive and shear forces using static equilibrium equations. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to test if the peak compressive and shear forces were associated with repositioning type (3 levels), bed height (2 levels), and bed feature (2 levels). Results: The peak compressive force ranged from 836 N to 3,954 N, and was associated with type (F = 14.661, p < 0.0005) and height (F = 10.044, p = 0.007), but not with bed feature (F = 0.003, p = 0.955). The peak shear force ranged from 66 to 473 N, and was associated with type (F = 8.021, p < 0.005), height (F = 6.548, p = 0.024), and bed feature (F = 22.978, p < 0.0005). Conclusion: The peak compressive force at the lower back during patient repositioning, draws one’s attention as it is, in some trials, close to or greater than the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health safety criterion (3,400 N). Furthermore, the physical stress decreases by adjusting bed height, but not by using tilting feature of an instrumented bed.

본 연구의 목적은 폐경기 여성의 외모관리행동이 우울과 정신건강에 미치는 영향 관계를 분 석하고 신체매력지각의 매개효과를 실증적으로 분석하는데 있다. 연구대상자는 서울·경기 소재 폐경기 여성 258명을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 통하여 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 기술통계, 확인적 요인분석, 상관관계, 구조방정식 모델, bootstrapping기법을 이용한 매개효과 분석을 실시하였다. 일련의 연구절차를 통하여 도출된 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 폐경기 여성의 외모관리행동은 우울과 통계적 유 의미한 부적(-) 영향을 미쳤으며, 정신건강과는 정적(+) 영향을 보였다. 둘째, 폐경기 여성의 신체매력지 각은 우울과 통계적 유의미한 부적(-) 영향을 미쳤으며, 정신건강과는 정적(+) 영향을 보였다. 셋째, 폐 경기 여성의 외모관리행동과 우울, 정신건강과의 관계에서 신체매력지각은 부분매개 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 폐경기 여성의 외모관리행동을 통하여 변화된 자신의 긍정적 신체매력지각이 우울과 정 신건강에 더욱 강화된 영향력을 제공할 수 있다는 것을 시사한다. 본 연구의 결과는 외모관리행동으로 폐경기 여성의 우울과 같은 부정적 정서를 극복하고 건강한 삶을 살아갈 수 있도록 중재변수로서의 타 당성을 제고하였다는 측면에 의의가 있다.

In the present study, a coal-based pitch containing 12.1% quinoline insoluble (QI) underwent isothermal heat treatment, and changes in the mesophase microstructure were analyzed for the heat treatment duration. The nuclei creation and growth rate of mesophase were affected by the distribution of QI particles in the pitch. The growth process could be explained in four regions through the mesophase area fraction. During the carbonization of carbon blocks, mesophase formation was induced in the binder phase. The physical properties of carbon blocks were measured as a function of residence time. As residence time increased, bulk density decreased and porosity increased, but electrical conductivity increased. It was determined that forming a mesophase in the binder phase during carbonization reduced the size of large pores in carbon block and improved the connectivity between particles, thereby increasing electrical conductivity. These results are expected to show greater improvement in electrical properties after graphitization.

본 연구의 목적은 뷰티 종사자의 물리적 작업환경이 직무소진, 프리젠티즘 및 정신건강에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 나아가 직무소진의 매개효과를 검증하는 것이다. 서울·경기 뷰티 종사자 308명 을 대상으로 질문지를 이용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 기술통계, 정규성 검증, 확인적 요인 분석, 상관관계, 구조방정식 모델 및 뷰트스트레핑을 이용한 매개효과 분석을 실시하였다. 일련의 연구 과정을 통하여 도출된 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 뷰티 종사자의 물리적 작업환경은 직무소진, 프리젠티 즘 및 정신건강에 통계적 유의미한 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 뷰티 종사자의 물리적 작업 환 경과 프리젠티즘과의 관계에서 직무소진은 부분 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 뷰 티 산업 종사자의 물리적 작업환경에 대한 심각성을 알리고 나아가 뷰티 종사자의 삶의 질 향상하는데 기초자료로써 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

This study focuses on how the partial substitution of copper by nickel nanoparticles affects the electrical and structural properties of the Bi2Ba2Ca2Cu2.9Ni0.1O10+δ, Bi2Ba2Ca2Cu2.8Ni0.2O10+δ and Bi2Ba2Ca2Cu2.6Ni0.4O10+δ compounds. Approximate values of crystallization size and crystallization percentage for the three compounds were calculated using the Scherer, modified Scherer, and Williamson-Hall methods. A great similarity was observed in the crystal size values from the Scherer method, 243.442 nm, and the Williamson-Hall method, 243.794 nm for the second sample. At the same time this sample exhibited the highest crystal size value for the three methods. In the examination of electrical properties, the sample with 0.1 partial substitution, Bi2Ba2Ca2Cu2.9Ni0.1O10+δ was determined to be the best with a critical temperature of 100 K and an energy gap of 6.57639 × 10-21 MeV. Using the SEM technique to analyze the structural morphology of the three phases, it was discovered that the size of the granular forms exceeds 25 nm. It was determined that the samples’ shapes alter when nickel concentration rises. The patterns that reveal the distribution of the crystal structure also exhibit clear homogeneity.

This research examines the impact of visualizing virtual luxury products in the metaverse on consumers' perceptions of luxury products in the real world. We explore the metaverse as a marketing platform and investigate the relationship between the quality of visualization of virtual luxury products and consumers’ evaluations of real luxury products. The study hypothesizes that poor visualization quality of virtual luxury products will decrease the evaluation of authentic luxury goods, and this effect will be mediated by decreased perceived authenticity. Additionally, we predict that the negative effect will be mitigated by high-quality visualization.

Fluorescent probe were used to evaluate the effects of catechin on the structural parameters (annular lipid fluidity, transbilayer lateral and rotational mobility and protein clustering) of the Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane (OPGs). An experimental procedure was used on the basis of selective quenching of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and 1,3-di(1-pyrenyl)propane (Py-3-Py) by trinitrophenyl groups and radiationless energy transfer from the tryptophans of membrane proteins to Py-3-Py and DPH. Catechin increased the bulk lateral and rotational mobility, annular lipid fluidity of OPGs lipid bilayers, and had greater fluidizing efficacy on the outer monolayer than the inner monolayer. It also caused membrane proteins to cluster. Based on these effects of catechin on OPGs, the antibacterial and antiviral actions of catechin can be partially explained.

목적 : 본 연구는 신체활동 참여와 도구적 일상생활활동(Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; IADL) 자립도 사이의 인지기능의 매개효과를 조사하였다. 연구방법 : 국민건강보험공단의 노인코호트 데이터베이스 자료를 활용하여 건강보험 및 의료급여 자격을 유지하고 있는 만 60세 이상의 노인 약 600만 명 중 신체활동 설문에 참여한 3,980명의 자료를 활용하 였다. 신체활동과 IADL 사이의 인지기능의 매개효과를 확인하기 위해 경로분석을 시행하였다. 연구결과 : 신체활동에 참여하는 노인의 평균 연령은 81.6세였으며, 여성이 72.74%였다. 인지기능의 부분매개 효과는 고강도 운동에서 68%로 IADL의 자립도에 가장 크게 나타났다(β = 0.07, 95% Confidence Interval; CI = 0.05, 0.09). 다음으로 중등도 운동은 66%(β = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.10), 걷기 운동은 52%(β = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.11, 0.14) 순으로 나타났다. 신체활동과 IADL 자립도 사이의 직접효과는 걷기 운동에서 48%(β = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.09, 0.14)로 가장 크게 나타났으며 중등도 운동은 35%(β = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.07), 고강도 운동은 32%(β = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.06) 순으로 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 신체활동과 IADL의 관계에 인지기능의 매개효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 노인 의 건강하고 활동적인 노화를 위해 신체활동과 인지기능을 결합한 복합운동 프로그램이 고려되어야 한다.

본 연구에서는 초등학교 남자 축구선수들을 대상으로 12주간 근파워 및 민첩성 트레이닝이 체 력요인과 등속성근기능에 미치는 효과를 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 초등학교 남자 축구선수 12명을 대 상으로 근파워와 민첩성 트레이닝 프로그램 6개를 구성하여 12주간 주 3회 실시하였다. 근파워, 민첩성 트 레이닝 전과 후 운동에 대한 체력요인들을 측정하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 근파워의 제자리멀 리뛰기에서는 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.001). 둘째, 근파워의 제자리높이뛰기에서 유의한 차이가 나타났 다(p<.05). 셋째, 민첩성의 사이드스텝에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.01). 이상의 결과로 12주간의 근파 워 민첩성 트레이닝은 초등학교 남자 축구선수들의 순발력과 민첩성 향상에 긍정적 효과를 기대할 수 있으 며, 상해 예방과 경기력 향상을 위한 트레이닝 기초 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Background: Women patients who have undergone high tibial osteotomy need management to control walking and balance and to enable functional daily life. In that way, land-based physical therapy and aquatic physical therapy were performed. Objectives: To investigated the effect of land-based and aquatic physical therapy on the balance and walking of women who had undergone high tibial osteotomy. Design: Randomized control trial. Methods: In all, this randomized controlled trial enrolled 21 patients with high tibial osteotomy who received land-based physical therapy (LP, n=7), aquatic physical therapy (AP, n=7), and land-based and aquatic physical therapy (LAP, n=7). Single-leg standing balance, 10-m walk test, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome (KOOS-12) scores were. The intervention period was 3 days per week for 6 weeks. Results: One-leg standing balance and 10-m walk test increased statistically, and KOOS-12 score also increased statistically. All three groups have improved. As a result, the variable changes were compared in three groups, and although there was no significant difference between the land-based and aquatic physical therapy groups, the land-based and aquatic physical therapy combined programs improved further than the previous two groups. Conclusion: The balance and walking of female patients with high tibial osteotomy were found to have been very effective in land physical therapy and aquatic physical therapy. In addition, the land-based and aquatic physical therapy combination program can improve balance and walking more effectively.

Background: The traditional treatment protocol in adhesive capsulitis cases is physical therapy agents and a home exercise program. The extensive majority of patients respond to conservative treatment, but the painful rehabilitation program makes it inconvenient for individuals to fully comply with the treatment. In order to reduce pain and spasm, intraarticular injections or suprascapular nerve block may be effective before the rehabilitation program. Objectives: To investigated the effect of suprascapular nerve block (SNB), which is added to standard physical therapy on pain, functionality and range of motion in patients with adhesive capsulitis (AC). Design: Retrospective study. Methods: This study included 46 patients who were treated for AC. Patients in both groups were given 15 season physical therapy and home exercise. The treatment group consisted of patients who underwent multiple SNB in addition to physical therapy and home exercise. Datas were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), ROM, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and Constant scores in both groups after treatment and at the third month follow-up (P<.001). In the comparison between the groups, it was determined that the improvement in VAS, ROM and SPADI scores in the treatment group at the 3-month control was statistically significant (P<.05). Conclusion: Multiple SNB added to physical therapy and home exercise program in cases of AC may be effective in terms of pain control, increasing joint range of motion and improving functionality.

본 연구는 청소년의 건강환경(가정 환경, 지역 환경, 학교 환경)이 스트레스와 신체적 건강을 매개로 학업 성취도에 미치는 영향과, 건강환경이 스트레스와 신체적 건강을 매개로 학업 성취 도에 미치는 영향에 있어 성별 간 차이에 대해 분석하였다. 이를 위해 한국청소년정책연구원에 서 실시한 ‘청소년의 건강권 보장을 위한 정책방안 연구’의 2019년 자료를 활용하여 8,201명의 청소년을 대상으로 경로분석을 실시하였으며, 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년 의 건강환경은 스트레스와 신체적 건강을 매개로 학업 성취도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났 다. 둘째, 건강환경이 스트레스와 신체적 건강을 매개로 학업 성취도에 미치는 경로를 남, 여학 생 성별로 비교한 결과 유의미한 경로는 두 집단에서 유사하게 나타났으나, 지역 환경이 스트레 스 및 학업 성취도에 미치는 직접적인 영향은 여학생의 경우에만 유의미하였고, 남학생의 경우 유의미하지 않았다. 본 연구결과가 청소년의 학업 성취도 증진을 위한 기초자료나 관련 정책의 참고자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.