Endosymbionts of the genus Buchnera, which belong to γ-Proteobacteria, reside in specialized cells known as bacteriocytes. In this announcement, we present the complete genome sequence of Buchnera aphidicola (Aphis gossypii) isolated from Aphis gossypii with Plantago asiatica. The genome spans 628,098 base pairs and has a GC content of 25.4%. A total of 589 CDs, 32 tRNAs, and 3 rRNAs were predicted. Interestingly, the evolutionary rate of the endosymbiont's genome, inferred from intraspecific variations, may be slower than that of the host's mitochondrial genome.

Salmonella enterica는 세계적으로 가장 널리 알려진 식 중독균이다. Salmonella enterica Enteritidis MFDS1022168 은 인천보건환경연구원에서 계란에서 분리된 균주로, 이 균 주가 지니고 있는 병원성에 대한 genome 수준의 메커니즘을 이해하기 위하여 whole genome sequencing을 진행 하여 유전체를 분석하였다. PacBio Sequel 장비를 이용하 여 유전체염기서열 분석을 진행한 결과 invA를 비롯한 여 러 종류의 병원성유전자를 갖고 있는 것으로 확인됐다. 이 에 따라 해당 균주의 독성을 파악하기 위해 유전체분석을 진행하였다. 유전자 총 수 예측 결과, 4,776개의 CDSs, 84 개의 tRNA, 22개의 rRNA를 보유한 것으로 나타났다.

Athalia japonica (Klug, 1815) is a significant insect pest of turnips in Korea. The complete mitochondrial genome of this species isolated in Korea is reported in this study, which is the first attempt to study Korean Athalia species. The circular genome is 15,662 bp in length and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and an A+T-rich region. Consistent with most members of the genus Athalia, five of the tRNA genes are rearranged from the typical ground pattern of ancestral insect gene order. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from the nucleotide sequences of 25 mitochondrial genomes indicate that the Korean A. japonica is a distinct member of the genus Athalia. This study accumulates mitochondrial genome data of A. japonica from various countries, providing useful information on mitochondrial genetic differences across geographical distances in the East Asian region.

The critical hazards generated from operation of a melting facility for metal radioactive waste are mainly assumed to be such as vapor explosion, ladle breakthrough and failure in the hot-cell or furnace chamber using remote equipment. In case of vapor explosion, material containing moisture and/or enclosed spaces may, due to rapid expansion of gases when heated, cause an explosion and/or violent boiling. The rapid expansion of gases may lead to ejection of molten radioactive metal from the furnace into the furnace hall. If there is a large amount of liquid the explosion may damage or destroy technical barriers such as facility walls. The consequences for the facility ranges from relatively mild to very severe depending on the force of the explosion as well as the type of waste being melted. Nonradiological consequences may be physical damage or destruction of equipment and facility barriers, such as walls. Due to the radiological consequences a longer operational shutdown would likely be required. Cleanup efforts would include cutting of solidified metal in a problematic radiological environment requiring use of remote technology before damage and repair requirements can be assessed. Even though there is a risk for direct physical harm to operators for example in the control room and hot-cell, this analysis focuses mainly on the radiological impact. The extent to which remote equipment could be used in the decontamination effort will largely determine the health consequences to the workers. It is reasonable to assume that there will be a need for workers to participate manually in the effort. Due to the potentially large dose rates and the physical environment, it is possible that the maximum allowable dose burden to a worker will be reached. No major consequence for the environment is expected as most of the radioactivity is bound to the material. In case of ladle breakthrough, a ladle breakthrough involves loss of containment of the melt due to damage of the ladle. This may be caused e.g. by increased wear due to overheating in the melt, or from physical factors such as mechanical stress and impact from the waste. A ladle breakthrough may lead to spread of molten metal in the furnace hall. Molten metal coming into contact with the surrounding cooling equipment may cause a steam explosion. The consequences of a ladle breakthrough will depend on the event sequence. The most severe is when the molten metal comes into contact with the cooling system causing a vapor explosion. The basic consequences are assumed to be similar to those of the vapor explosion above. While the ejection of molten metal is likely more local in the ladle breakthrough scenario, the consequences are judged to be similar. In case of failure in the hot-cell or furnace chamber using remote equipment, the loss of electric supply or technical failure in the furnace causes loss of power supply. If not remedied quickly, this could lead to that the melt solidifies. A melt that is solidified due to cooling after loss of power cannot be removed nor re-melted. This may occur especially fast if there is not melted material in the furnace. An unscheduled replacement of the refractory in the furnace would be required. It could be unknown to what degree remote equipment can be used to cut a solidified melt. It is therefore assumed that personnel may need to be employed. This event could not have any impact on environment

The effect of the stacking order of carbon fiber composites on impact damage was studied. The main form of damage was delamination starting at the interface between individual ply. The force-time response when the impact was applied was monitored and the energy absorbed by the panel was analyzed. The energy absorbed during interlayer separation was found to be affected by the stacking order, and the residual energy absorbed by peel propagation increased linearly as the total peel area increased. It was found that the compressive strength after impact was related to the maximum delamination area.

현대의 방탄 장갑은 우수한 관통 저항성을 갖추어야할 뿐만 아니라 군인과 군용차량의 기동성이 확보되어야 하기 때문에 경량화가 중요한 개발 요소가 되었다. 이종 적층 평판 구조의 방탄 장갑의 방탄 성능은 동일 중량 대비 구성 재료의 배열에 따라 달라진다. 본 논 문에서는 케블라, 초고분자량 폴리에틸렌 그리고 에바 폼으로 구성된 방탄 장갑의 적층 배열에 따른 방탄 성능을 분석한다. 구성 재료 의 두께가 5mm와 6.5mm인 두 가지 경우에서 6가지 적층 배열에 대하여 7.62 × 51mm NATO 탄환의 M80 탄을 856m/s의 속도로 충돌 시키는 피탄 해석을 수행하였다. 방탄 성능을 평가하기 위해 이종 적층 평판을 관통한 발사체의 잔류 속도와 잔류 에너지를 측정하였 다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 케블라, 초고분자량 폴리에틸렌, 에바 폼의 배열 순서를 갖는 적층 구조가 동일 중량에 대해 가장 우수한 방탄 성능을 가짐을 확인하였다.

Vespula rufa (Linnaeus, 1758), known as the red wasp, is a social wasp species. We analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome of V. rufa from South Korea, for an ongoing systematic study of the Korean Vespidae. This species is distributed in northern parts of North America, northern and central Europe, and parts of Asia. It can be distinguished from other species of the genus by usually having reddish brown areas on the 1st and 2nd tergites. The mitogenome is 17,663 bp in length, includes 13 protein-coding genes, 24 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. The nucleotide composition is 40.5% adenines, 43.00% thymines, 6.1% guanines, and 10.4 % cytosines.

간 동적 조영검사에 사용하고 있는 VIBE 시퀀스의 고식적인 방법과 딥러닝 방법에 관한 선행된 연구가 부족하여 영상의 평가와 검사의 방향성 및 타당성을 제시하고자 한다. ACR 팬텀 실험은 30회 반복 실험하였고, 저 대조도 분해능 평가영역 에서 syngo.via View&Go를 이용하여 신호대잡음비와 대조대잡음비를 평가하였고, 공간분해능 평가영역에서 MATLAB 을 통해 신호강도의 높이와 반치폭으로 공간 분해능을 평가했다. 팬텀 실험을 기준으로 Matrix 352를 설정하여 30명의 환자 실험을 했다. 간 실질, 간 문맥, 내림 대동맥에서 대조대잡음비를 평가했고, 공간 분해능은 간 문맥, 내림 대동맥의 경계면을 평가했다. 결과 분석은 이원배치 분산 분석으로 진행하고, 사후 분석은 Duncan을 사용했다. 통계분석은 정량적 으로 p-value 0.05 미만으로 유의한 것으로 판단했다. 팬텀 실험의 신호대잡음비와 대조대잡음비 결과는 Matrix 416 이하에서 유의하였으며, 공간분해능 결과는 고식적인 방법 Matrix 352 이하, 딥러닝 방법 288 이하에서 평가할 수 없었 다. 환자 실험 결과는 신호대잡음비, 대조대잡음비, 공간분해능 모두 유의했다. 본 연구는 고식적인 방법보다 딥러닝 방법 이 영상은 더 향상되었고, 획득 시간은 평균 4초(22.4%)가 단축되었다. 딥러닝 방법에서 Matrix 352를 적용하였을 때 검사 시간의 감소로 재현성과 호흡에 의한 인공물 감소가 있었다. 이에 딥러닝 방법에서 Matrix size 적용의 방향성을 제시할 수 있었다.

본 연구는 간 담도기 이미지에서 CAIPIRINHA, 압축 센싱(CS), 딥러닝(DL) 기법을 비교하여 주관적 영상의 질과 국소병변 을 평가하였다. 후향적 연구로 간 담도기 이미지를(획득 시간, CAIPIRINHA 16초, DL 11초, CS 15초; 절편두께, 3mm, 3mm, 1.5mm) 포함한 가도세틱산 조영증강 자기공명영상을 시행한 51명의 환자에서 3개의 이미지와 국소 간 병변은 주관적 이미지 질 평가를 분석하였다. 간 가장자리 선명도는 CAIPIRINHA(3.9±0.8), DL(4.5±0.6), CS(4.5±0.8), 호흡에 의한 운동 허상은 CAIPIRINHA(4.3±0.9), DL(4.7±0.6), CS(4.5±0.8)를 보였다. 21명 환자의 48개 병변에서, 가장자리 선예 도는 CAIPIRINHA(4.3±0.7), DL(4.5±0.6), CS(4.6±0.5), 선명도는 CAIPIRINHA(4.4±0.7), DL(4.7±0.5), CS (4.7±0.5)을 보였다. DL은 검사 시간을 줄이면서 CAIPIRINHA와 비슷한 질을 보이고 호흡 허상을 줄일 수 있다. CS는 얇은 절편 영상의 획득이 가능하여 비슷한 영상의 질을 보여 선택적으로 유용하게 사용할 수 있다.

2023년 3월4일 저녁 9시30분 (뉴욕 현지 시각), 속개된 UN BBNJ 정부간회의에서 결국 UN BBNJ 협정 성안이 완성되었다. 본 논문에서는 국가관할권이원 전체를 규율하는 새로운 법문서로 채택될 UN BBNJ 협정이 디지털염기서열정보라는 최첨단 해양바이오 과학기술을 어떻게 규정하고 있는지 조문별로 검토해 보고, 향후 우리의 대응방안에 대해 제언하고자 한다. 이를 위해 UN BBNJ 협정 성안의 연혁과 그 규제 대상인 디지털염기서열정보의 논의 추이를 정리하고, UN BBNJ협정상 디지털염기서열정보 관련 조문을 하나씩 살펴보았다. 그리고 결론에서 향후 UN BBNJ 협정 이행을 위해서 우리가 고려해야 할 사항과 대응 방안을 국내 대응 방안과 국제 대응 방안으로 나누어 제언하였다. 국내 대응 방안으로는 국가관할권이원유래 디지털염기서열정보 통합관리제도 수립을 제언하였다. 그 이유는 현 UN BBNJ 협정 제10조가 국가관할권유래 디지털염기서열정보 통보·관리·보고·추적, 제도 수립을 규정하고 있기 때문이다. UN BBNJ 협정 제10조의 실효적 이행을 위해서는 현재 우리 국가관할권이원유래 디지털염기서열정보 관리상황에 대한 현황조사가 우선되어야 할 것으로 보인다. 국제 대응 방안으로는 첫째 제8조 적용조항 예외 선언 문제에 대한 결정, 둘째 UN BBNJ 정부간회의 당사국 총회 대응 전략 수립, 셋째 적극적인 생물다양성협약 당사국총회 참여를 제안하였다. 제8조에 대한 예외 선언을 하지 않는 경우, UN BBNJ 협정 발효이전에 생성된 디지털염기서열정보가 UN BBNJ 협정의 적용범위에 들어가기 때문에 현재 우리가 생성한 국가관할권이원 유래 디지털염기서열정보 현황에 따라 우리 산학연에 큰 부담이 될 수 있기 때문이다. 그리고 BBNJ 정부간회의 당사국총회와 생물다양성협약 당사국 총회에 대한 적극적이고 전략적인 대응을 제안한 이유는 UN BBNJ 협정이 당사국 총회에 많은 권능을 디지털염기서열정보의 관리 및 이익공유 분야에 부여하고 있기 때문이며, 생물다양성협약 당사국총회의 결정이 향후 UN BBNJ 협정에 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 예측되기 때문이다. 특히 디지털염기서열정보의 범위와 정의가 아직 확정되지 않은 상황에서 생물다양성협약 당사국총회가 디지털염기서열정보의 범위와 정의에 대한 합의를 도출한다면, UN BBNJ 협정 역시 이를 준용할 가능성이 높으므로 UN BBNJ 협정 당사국총회와 생물다양성협약 당사국총회에 대한 통합적 대응이 필요하다.

The long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) is classified as 'vulnerable' by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and has been designated an endangered species requiring conservation and management in Korea. The sex determination region of the Y (SRY) gene is a useful marker for the study of paternal lineages; however, the SRY gene of the goral has not yet been sequenced. In this study, the nucleotide sequence of the SRY gene of long-tailed gorals was determined based on the sequence of the SRY gene of goats (Capra hircus). The obtained sequences were aligned with those of other species in the Bovidae family. The long-tailed goral SRY gene comprised 720 base pairs, and its nucleotide and protein sequences were identical to those of goats, sheep (Ovis aries), and cattle (Bos taurus) by 96%, 97%, and 93%, respectively. The results of phylogenetic insights obtained from this study constitute important references for genetic diversity and pedigrees studies of male long-tailed gorals and closely related species.

In emergency situations such as nuclear accidents or terrorism, radioactive and nuclear materials can be released by some environmental reasons such as the atmosphere and underground water. To secure the safety of human beings and to respond appropriately emergency situation, it is required to designate high and low dose rate regions in the early stages by analyzing the location and radioactivity of sources through environmental radiation measurement. This research team has developed a small gamma probe which is featured by its geometrical accessibility and higher radiation sensitivity than other drone detectors. A plastic scintillator and Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) were applied to the probe to optimize the wireless measurement condition. SiPM has a higher gain (higher than 106) and lower operating voltage (less than 30 V) compared to a general photodiode. However, the electronic components in the SiPM are sensitively affected by temperature, which causes the performance degradation of the SiPM. As the SiPM temperature increases, the breakdown voltage (VBD) of the SiPM also increases, so the gain must be maintained by applying the appropriate VBD. Therefore, when the SiPM temperature increases while the VBD is fixed, the gain decreases. Thus, the signal does not exceed the threshold voltage (VTH) and the overall count is reduced. In general, the optimal gain is maintained by cooling the SiPM or through a temperature compensation circuit. However, in the developed system, the hardware correction method such as cooling or temperature compensation circuit cannot be applied. In this study, it was confirmed that the count decreased by up to 20% according to the increase in the temperature of the SiPM when the probe was operated at room temperature (26°C). We propose methods to calibrate the total count without cooling device or compensation circuit. After operating the probe at room temperature, the first measured count is set as the reference value, and the correction factor is derived using the tendency of the count to decrease as the temperature increases. In addition, since this probe is used for environmental radiation monitoring, periodic measurements are more suitable than continuous measurements. Therefore, the temperature of the probe can be maintained by adding a power saving interval to the operation sequence of the probe. These two methods use the operation sequence and measurement data, respectively. Thus, it is expected to be the most effective method for the current system where the temperature compensation through hardware is not possible.

This study presents an example of creating and optimizing a task sequence required in an automated remote dismantling system using a digital manufacturing system. An automated remote dismantling system using a robotic arm has recently been widely studied to improve the efficiency and safety of the dismantling operations. The task sequence must be verified in advance through discrete eventbased process simulation in a digital manufacturing system to avoid problems in actual remote cutting operations as the main input of the automated remote dismantling system. The laser cutting method can precisely cut complicated target structures such as reactor internals with versatility, but a robot and a pre-prepared program are required to deploy sophisticated motion of the laser cutting head on the target structure. For safe and efficient dismantling operations, the robot’s program must be verified in advance in a virtual environment that can represent the actual dismantling site. This study presents creating and optimizing the task sequence of a robotic underwater laser cutting as part of the project of developing an automated remote dismantling system. A task sequence is created to implement the desired cutting path for the target structure using the automated remote dismantling system in the virtual environment. The task sequence is optimized for the posture of the laser cutting head and the robot to avoid collisions during the operation through discrete event-based process simulation since the target structure is complicated and the volume occupied by the laser cutting head and the robot arm is considerably large. The task sequence verified in the digital manufacturing system is demonstrated by experiments cutting the target structure along the desired cutting path without any problems. The various simulation cases presented in this study are expected to contribute not only to the development of the automated remote dismantling system, but also to the establishment of a safe and efficient dismantling process in the nuclear facility decommissioning.