龍崗秦簡은 진(秦)의 사회와 법률을 이해하는데 중요한 출토 문헌으로 본고에서 는 제23간부터 제34간까지의 내용을 해독하고 주석을 붙였다. 이 12매의 죽간에는 금원(禁苑) 안에 들어온 짐승에 관한 규정, 불법적으로 얻은 재화에 관한 처리, 금원 및 금원을 둘러싼 공터(격리지대)에서의 사냥 및 어로(漁撈) 행위에 대한 허용 범위 와 금지 사항에 대한 기록이 담겨 있다. 본고는 龍崗秦簡 제23간부터 제34간에 대 한 기존의 연구 성과 및 적외선 카메라로 재촬영한 죽간 사진을 토대로 더욱 정확한 고석(考釋)을 진행하고자 하였으며, ‘敺’와 ‘驅’·‘每’와 ‘毒’·‘灋’와 ‘法’ 등의 한자에 대해 서 고대한자 자료에 보이는 관련 자형을 수집해 보다 상세하고 명확한 주석을 작성 하고자 하였다.

본 논문은 완도 신흥사 목조약사여래좌상의 복장 기록인 중수 원문(1865년)의 해석과 불 상 양식의 비교분석을 통해 불상의 제작 시기가 1628년임을 밝힌 것이다. 중수 원문의 기록 에 의하면, 완도 신흥사 목조약사여래좌상은 1628년에 조성되었고, 1802년ㆍ1845년ㆍ 1865년에 걸쳐 중수되었으며, 원 봉안처는 해남 대흥사 대광명전이었고, 1845년과 1865 년에 불상의 중수를 주도한 승려는 초의 의순이었음이 확인된다. 초의 의순은 19세기 전라 도와 경상도 지역에서 활동한 화승 원담 내원(1845년)과 용완(원) 기연(1865년)과 함께 신 흥사 목조약사여래좌상을 개금ㆍ중수했다. 특히 초의 의순은 선교(禪敎)와 학예(學藝)에 뛰 어난 자질을 가졌으며 19세기의 대흥사 불사를 이끈 승려이다. 두 화승(내원과 기연)은 초의 의순이 주도한 대흥사 불화 제작에도 참여했다. 완도 신흥사 목조약사여래좌상이 1628년에 조성된 사실은 중수 원문의 기록과 17세기 전반에 조성된 불상들과의 양식 비교를 통해 파악했다. 초의 의순이 쓴 ｢대둔사신건광명전상 량문(大芚寺新建光明殿上樑文)｣, ｢대둔사비로전신건화연소(大芚寺毘盧殿新建化緣疏)｣, ｢불상개금모연문(佛像改金募緣文)｣에 의하면 신흥사 목조약사여래좌상은 1628년에 조성 된 후 대흥사 대광명전 비로자나삼불상 가운데 좌존으로 봉안되었던 것으로 추정된다. 대흥 사 대광명전은 화재로 소실되어 1841년에 새로 건립되었다. 신흥사 목조약사여래좌상의 양식 특징은 조각승 태전이 조성한 대흥사 목조약사ㆍ아미타불상(1612년)을 계승했고, 현진이 1610년에서 1630년 사이에 제작한 불상과 친연성이 강 한 것을 알 수 있다. 이 외에도 응원ㆍ인균파 및 수연파 불상의 특징도 일부 반영되어 있다. 신흥사 목조약사여래좌상은 17세기 전반에 조성되어 19세기 대흥사 현창 운동 과정에서 새로 건립된 대광명전에 봉안되어 개금ㆍ중수된 불상으로, 교학과 학예면에서 뛰어난 자질을 가진 초의 의순이 불상의 개금ㆍ중수 불사를 주도한 사실을 알려준다는 점에서, 조선 후기 불교사 및 불교미술사를 연구하는데 자료의 가치가 매우 크다.

Guangxi is located in the southwest, with multi-ethnic settlements and complex language components. Chinese is mainly spoken in Southwest Mandarin and Cantonese, while also including small dialects of Min, Xiang, and Hakka. The Zhuang language is the most widely used minority language. This language pattern is also widely reflected in various volumes of Guangxi local chronicles, where dialects and language contact can be seen in many places. The article selects five sets of famous objects and words from the volume of “Products” in Guangxi Old Gazetteer, and comprehensively uses methods such as character recognition, comparative analysis, and contextual interpretation to conduct research. The conclusion is helpful for reading local chronicles, studying Chinese history, and revising Chinese dictionaries.

본 연구에서 Pemphigus populitransversus 미루나무면충(신칭)을 국내에서 처음으로 보고한다. 이 종의 형태학적 정보, 분포지역, 기주식물, 한국에 분포하는 Pemphigus 속 종들에 대한 분류키를 제공한다.

Rhaphidophoridae (Orthoptera: Ensifera), commonly known as cave crickets, are a wingless family and considered the most ancient lineage within Tettigoniidea. However, previous molecular phylogenetic studies and morphological hypotheses have shown inconsistencies. Although their fossils have been found in Baltic amber, their systematic placement remains unrevealed. This study reconstructed a comprehensive phylogeny integrating both extant and fossil lineages. Initially, we revealed relationships within extant lineages through molecular phylogenetics including all extant subfamilies for the first time. Subsequently, using a cladistic approach based on morphology, we confirmed the systematic position of fossil taxa †Protroglophilinae with a report of a new species. Integrating molecular and morphological phylogeney by total evidence tip-dating, we present the comprehensive phylogeny of Rhaphidophoridae considering both extant and fossil groups.

This study reports the first records of four coleophorids, namely Coleophora kamchatica (Anikin, 1999), C. lativittella Erschoff, 1877, C. levantis Baldizzone & Oku, 1988, and C. citrarga Meyrick, 1934, in Korea. Additionally, the presence of two species, C. montaniella Oku & Kusunoki, 2018, and C. artemisicolella Bruand, 1855, in Korea has been overlooked in the previous checklist of the family Coleophoridae in Korea, despite there being evidence of their existence. Consequently, with these additions, the total number of known species in Korea has been confirmed to be 42, expanding from the previously identified 36 species. Diagnostic characteristics and photographs of adults and genitalia for the four newly recorded species are provided, along with evidence supporting the presence of the two overlooked species in Korea.

본 논문은 청일전쟁기 『국민신문(国民新聞)』의 특파원으로 종군한 마 쓰바라 이와고로(松原岩五郎)의 『정진여록(征塵餘録)』(1896)에 대해 분 석하고 작품 속에 나타난 19세기 후반 조선에 대한 작가의 인식을 살 펴본다. 식민지 조선의 여행과 관련된 대부분의 연구에서 여행의 기록 물들은 제국주의의 산물이자 식민주의의 프로파간다 전략으로 읽혀왔 다. 본 논문은 청일전쟁 종군기를 분석함에 있어 종군기자의 문학가로 서의 양심이나 개인의 신념에 따른 독자적인 인식이 담겨있을 것이라 는 점과 청일전쟁 시기 조선에 대한 다양한 정보가 대중화되지 않았던 까닭에 조선의 이질적인 문화를 접하는 데 가치중립적인 시선이 있었 을 것이라는 점을 전제로 하여 텍스트를 분석한다. 분석의 결과 마쓰바 라는 하층민의 생활상에 대한 개인적인 관심과 식민지 탐험에 대한 사 명감 등으로 조선과 조선인을 바라보는 시선에 있어서도 일종의 연민 의 인식이 있었다는 점과 그가 사실적인 내용을 기록하되 미개나 야만 성, 낙후성과 연관 지어 문화 지체의 척도로 삼지 않았고 우열이나 멸 시와 같은 시선을 배제하였다는 점에 대해 알 수 있었다.

Korean historical literatures offer numerous records on astronomical phenomena such as eclipses, comets, and close approaches, etc. Records of close approaches often use specific terms to describe the angular distance, which lack translation into modern numerical values. We study the usage of the five commonly used terms, namely, Entry (入, En), Invasion (犯, In), Occultation (掩, Oc), Eclipse (食, Ec), as well as the unit Chi (尺). Our analysis is based on more than 2,300 records from Goryeo (918–1392 CE) and Joseon (1392–1910 CE) Dynasties. Through statistical analysis, we determine their quantitative definitions. We convert the lunisolar calendar to the Julian and Gregorian date and utilize the modern ephemeris DE431 to calculate the angular distance between celestial bodies. We find that the angular distances of the terms En, In, Oc, and Ec correspond to respectively 1.78◦+2.36 −1.11, 0.89◦+3.54 −0.51, 0.44◦+1.15 −0.31, and 0.29◦+2.61 −0.16 for the Goryeo Dynasty and 1.36◦+1.15 −0.64, 0.51◦+1.11 −0.32, 0.25◦+0.27 −0.17, and 0.21◦+0.25 −0.11 for the Joseon Dynasty. Additionally, we determine the angular size of the unit Chi by using the records from Korean chronicles along with the drawings of comets’ tails in the Daily Log (天變謄錄). We estimate the unit Chi to be 1.11◦+0.46 −0.40 and find that the numerical definition was consistent throughout the two dynasties in Korea. Furthermore, we find that the terms were used to describe the closest approach and that there is no observational bias in the angular distances against the apparent magnitudes of the objects. We show that the terms En, In, Oc, and Ec represent decreasing angular distance in that order and this ordering was consistent in both dynasties.

J ogyeongdan is an altar built by the Korean Empire within the burial grounds of Sijomyo(始祖墓), the Jeonju Lee clan, as a part of their posthumous respecting project. This site adheres to strict rules and formalities that are comparable to those of the royal tombs of the Joseon Dynasty, with its altars and monument House demonstrating construction techniques that hold high value in architectural history. This study compares and analyzes construction-related records such as Uigwe, Statements, and Figure, along with their historical context. Through this effort, the study explores in detail the original form of J ogyeongdan at the time of its construction and subsequent transformations in later periods. Findings showed that the Figure was drawed by Chae Yongsin and was only a blueprint prior to the construction; it was modified during the actual construction process. A part of J ogyeongdan project was carried out by demolishing four government office buildings that were closed because of the Gabo Reform in order to secure wood and roof tiles, among other materials. Additionally, concluded the J aesil was by relocated Deokryudang from Samryeyeokcham. Further, instances of distinctive terminology usage were found related to construction materials in the J ogyeongdan Uigwe , which were not used in another Uigwe . These terms were distinguished in detail according to the locations in which the materials were used.

The family Erebidae is acknowledged as a highly diverse group in Lepidoptera. The genus Ischyja Hübner, 1823 has been known from India, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, southern China, Borneo, and Sundaland, predominantly in the old world tropic region. This research presents identification of two species, which have been in Vietnam for the first time. With these new findings, the total number of Ischyja species has increased to four. We present a checklist of them, including descriptions and illustrations of the newly recorded species.

Pseudopomyzidae (Diptera: Nerioidea) is rare and a small family of dark-colored acalyptrate flies, comprising 24 extant species in eight genera and two fossil species in a single genus. To date, only one species Pseudopomyza atrimana (Meigen, 1830) has been recorded in the Korean Peninsula. This study reports the first Korean records of the family Pseudopomyzidae, with two genera and two species, Polypathomyia stackelbergi Krivosheina, 1979 and Tenuia smirnovi Shatalkin, 1995. A key to Korean Pseudopomyzidae is provided with morphological diagnosis and illustrations of habitus and genital structures of males.

A literature study was conducted on the management of the pavilion of the royal tomb in the late Joseon Dynasty, focusing on “Gakneung Suri Deungnok(Records relating to the repair of royal tombs)”. This study analyzed the royal tomb management system, organized the types of damage identified in the building, and examined how the damage status was recorded by type. In the above, the records related to the 1675∼1713 repair of three JeongJaGak(Geonwonneung, Sungneung, and Mokneung), which are registered as state-designated cultural properties, are summarized in three aspects: management system, damage status, and expression words. The results of the study are as follows. First, the royal tomb pavilion was regularly inspected by Observator(觀察使) in spring and autumn, and Surunggwan(守陵官) every 5th, and Servant(守僕) regularly inspected every day and night, and also inspected and reported emergency cases of natural disasters or unexpected damage. Second, the damage status of each building was continuously observed and reported for the continuous maintenance of the buildings in the royal tomb. A total of 75 records of damage to the three royal tombs' pavilion were found to have been most frequently inspected, including 19 cases (25.3%), 14 cases (18.7%), 23 cases (30.7%) of the roof, and 19 cases (25.3%) of the roof. Third, the expression of the damage status is confirmed in various ways, such as separation, separation, burst, damage, excitation, moisture, leakage, and exfoliation. Among them, the main damage records were confirmed due to the separation of the base from the peeling, the furniture, cracks, leaks, leaks in the roof, and the collapse of the roof was able to check the damage records.