Background: Balance disorder is a prevalent clinical manifestation following stroke, often causing considerable discomfort and gait disability. Various water-based therapeutic approaches have been developed to address balance and gait disorder. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of water-based gait training using auditory stimulation on balance and gait abilities in stroke patients. Methods: All subjects were randomly divided into three groups: water-based gait training using auditory stimulation group (WAG) (n = 24), water-based gait training group (WG) (n = 24), and control group (n = 22). Subjects in WAG and WG underwent water-based gait training for 30 minutes, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. All Subjects were assessed for muscle strength, balance, gait, motor function, and activity of daily living pre- and post-intervention. Results: Results showed that all outcome measures significantly improved post-intervention (p < 0.05). Additionally, WAG was found to significantly improve in Medical Research Council (MRC), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test compared to WG, and WG showed significant differences compared to the control group in MRC and Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) (p < 0.05). WAG exhibited significant differences in all areas except Modified Bathel Index (MBI) in the between-group comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that water-based gait training using auditory stimulation may be effective strategy to improve muscle strength, balance and gait ability for with stroke.

Background: Prolonged use of computers and mobile devices has contributed to postural abnormalities such as Rounded Shoulder Posture (RSP), which is characterized by muscle imbalances that can lead to pain and functional limitations. Correcting these imbalances through targeted stretching and strengthening exercises was expected to help improve postural alignment and muscle function. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a six-week integrated exercise program targeting the pectoralis minor (PM), upper trapezius (UT), and lower trapezius (LT) on postural alignment and muscle activation in female adults with RSP. Design: Single-group pre-post test study. Methods: Eighteen female university students (aged 20–22 years) with RSP participated in a six-week intervention consisting of PM stretching, UT stretching, and LT strengthening exercises. RSP severity was assessed using acromion-to-ground distance, PM length was measured with a caliper, and surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to evaluate UT and LT muscle activity. Normality was verified using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and paired t-tests were conducted for statistical analysis (α=0.05). Results: After the intervention, significant improvements were observed in all measured variables. Acromion-to-ground distance decreased (P<0.001), PM length increased (P<0.001), UT activation decreased (P<0.01), and LT activation increased (P<0.01). Conclusion: The six-week integrated exercise program effectively improved postural alignment and muscle activation in women with RSP by addressing muscle shortening, overactivity, and weakness. These findings suggest that combined stretching and strengthening exercises can serve as a practical and effective approach for RSP correction. Future studies with longer durations and diverse populations are recommended to further validate these results and enhance clinical applicability.

본 연구는 해외 단기 연수 프로그램에 참여한 간호대학생들의 연수 경 험과 그들이 인식하는 교육적 효과를 탐색하고, 이를 바탕으로 해외 단 기 연수 프로그램이 나아가야 할 방향을 조명하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 해외 단기 연수에 참여한 간호대학생들을 대상으로 포커스 그룹 인 터뷰와 개별 인터뷰를 병행하였다. 포커스 그룹 인터뷰는 4명의 학생으 로 구성된 그룹을 대상으로 진행되었으며, 모든 인터뷰는 반구조화된 질 문을 기반으로 진행되었으며, 참여자들의 자유로운 발화를 유도하여 그 들의 경험을 심층적으로 탐색하였다. 연구 결과, 총 6개의 주제와 17개 의 의미가 도출되었다. 학생들은 해외에서의 전공 연수에 대한 기대감과 계획적인 준비 과정을 통해 더 넓은 세상을 바라보게 되었으나, 영어 실 력 부족으로 인해 원활한 의사소통에 어려움을 겪으며 아쉬움을 느꼈다. 또한, 한국에서의 바쁜 학업과 비교하여 자유롭고 여유로운 현지 학생들 의 생활 방식에 부러움을 느끼고, 다양한 문화 체험을 통해 오랜만에 여 유를 즐길 수 있었다. 이번 연수를 통해 학생들은 자신의 새로운 가능성 을 발견하고, 더 나은 세상을 향해 나아가고자 하는 열망이 강하게 형성 되었으며, 이는 삶에 대한 태도의 변화를 유발하고 새로운 목표 설정으 로 이어졌다. 또한, 현지인들의 친절함과 순수함을 경험하면서 문화적 차 이를 이해하고 수용하는 태도를 함양하는 계기가 되었다. 본 연구 결과 를 종합해 볼 때, 해외 단기 연수 프로그램은 학생들에게 긍정적인 변화 를 유도하는 중요한 경험으로 작용하며, 열망, 동기부여, 자신감 향상 등 의 측면에서 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

The Safe Korea Training is a national-level training program that has been conducted since 2005 to create a safe Korea by preventing various disasters and minimizing the damage in the event of a disaster, and it has contributed a lot to the safety of Korea. However, there are still some problems that need to be solved, and one of the most urgent problems is that the Safe Korea Training is focused on efficient response measures in the event of a disaster, and the evaluation of the Training is limited to the evaluation of the training organization, which does not meet the main purpose of the Safe Korea drill to prevent various disasters. Therefore, in order to achieve the purpose of preventing various disasters, it is necessary to share the results and evaluations of the drill with other relevant public institutions other than the Ministry of the Interior and Safety in order to prevent various risk factors recognized during the drill in advance, and to establish a network that can lead to legislation so that the problems recognized during the drill are not repeated. By doing so, it is hoped that the Safe Korea Training will fulfill its purpose and lead to a truly safe Korea.

본 논문은 선교사들이 직면한 정서적·영적 도전과 탈진 문제를 해결하기 위해 렉시오 디비나(Lectio Divina)와 심리학적 도구를 융합 한 통합적 영성훈련 모델을 제안한다. 렉시오 디비나는 하나님의 임재 를 경험하며 관상 단계로 나아갈 수 있는 강력한 영성훈련 방법이다. 그러나 묵상과 기도 단계에서 떠오르는 부정적 감정과 왜곡된 신념은 영적 여정을 어렵게 만들기도 한다. 본 연구는 심리학적 접근을 영성훈 련의 마중물로 활용하여, 렉시오 디비나의 훈련 효과를 극대화할 방안 을 모색한다. 신경 논리 수준(Neurological Levels)은 환경, 행동, 능력, 신념과 가치, 정체성, 영성의 여섯 층위를 체계적으로 분석하여 개인의 문제를 탐구하고, 심상기법(Imagery Therapy)은 부정적 심상 을 치유적이고 긍정적인 심상으로 전환함으로써 정서적 안정과 영적 성숙을 도모한다. 렉시오 디비나와 심리학적 도구를 융합한 영성훈련 모델은 선교사들의 내적 치유를 돕고, 하나님의 은혜 안에서 지속 가능한 사역과 공동체적 사명을 감당할 수 있도록 지원할 뿐만 아니라, 앞으로도 심리학적 접근과 영성훈련이 융합된 다양한 선교사 멤버케어 프로그램 개발에 기여하는 토대가 되길 바란다.

This study attempted to solve the problem that the current education does not match the actual working environment of the fishing vessel despite the mandatory lifeboat training of international fishing vessel. The survey analyzed the difficulties of using life rafts and communication facilities and found that the main problems were the launch of life rafts, lack of communication equipment proficiency, and absence of emergency training scenarios. Due to the lack of standards for designated educational institutions, the current Seafarers Act has been discovered to be a problem that the accuracy and reliability of education are not consistent with the international fishing vessel agreement and the merchant vessel agreement. Additionally, the training for retreat and emergency response as stipulated by international agreements were not properly reflected in the domestic curriculum. In particular, the current training consists of general contents without considering the characteristics of the fishing crew, and there was a lack of practical emergency response training manuals. Therefore, based on international agreements, this study proposes the development of customized training contents for fishing vessel that takes into account the special working environment and risk factors of them. In addition, it emphasizes the need for policy support, such as strengthening participation of fishing boats in education and training and establishing a legal basis for the operation of emergency life raft organizations.

Occupational therapy aims to restore patients’ functional abilities through rehabilitation, with dressing activities being a critical component in activities of daily living assessments. Clothing is essential for physical protection, psychological stability, and promoting social participation. Despite the significance of dressing activities, research on training apparel incorporating occupational therapy principles remains limited. As a preliminary step in developing apparel for dressing activity training, this study aims to identify essential design elements that facilitate in daily living training and hold potential in occupational therapy. A comprehensive literature review and case analysis were conducted to identify essential clothing design components. The research results are as follows. The design features a pattern with a front-center opening, generous armholes, and ease allowances, along with modular components that enable variable collar and pocket configurations. A designated weight pocket is seamlessly integrated without restricting movement. Fabric selections emphasize human safety, comfort, stability, and durability, providing a soft texture and a broad range of color options within the modular design. Additional details include detachable collar and pocket elements, while trims and accessories are executed with buttons or zippers for closure and utilize Velcro, buckles, buttons, or drawstrings for size adjustments, all available in a variety of colors and sizes. This study highlights the need for modular, userfriendly training apparel that support occupational therapy goals. The findings provide fundamental insights into dressing activity training wear, serving as a foundational resource for future research and clinical applications.

Background: In patients with low back pain (LBP), weakened core muscles and impaired proprioception contribute to decreased spinal stability and LBP recurrence. Objectives: To investigate the effects of abdominal bracing exercises (BE) and kinetic link training (BEKLT) on pain, balance, and proprioception in LBP patients. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Sixteen adults with LBP were randomly assigned to a BE group or a BEKLT group. Both groups completed a four-week intervention (three sessions per week). Pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), proprioception with the lumbar reposition sense test, and balance with the BT4 system. Results: Both groups showed significant reductions in VAS and proprioception error (P<.05), with no inter-group differences. In dynamic balance (limits of stability), the BE group improved in rearward, left, and right angles, while the BEKLT group improved in forward, rearward, and left angles (P<.05). A significant difference was observed in the forward leaning angle between groups (P<.05). For static balance, both groups showed significant reductions in trace length and C90 area (P<.05), with no inter-group differences. Conclusion: The findings suggest that both BE and BEKLT are effective interventions for reducing pain and improving proprioception and balance in LBP, with BEKLT providing additional benefits for dynamic balance.

The irradiated large components in a nuclear power plant must perform dismantling after performing a lot of training through mockup, but this mockup training is different the realistic environment such as a high radiation environment. Therefore, to develop a training system deployed in eXtended Reality (XR) that mimics a realistic environment, a suitable training and evaluation processes need to be developed. The target components for the training system select reactor, reactor internal and steam generator, and the training work of dismantling processes select dismantling, packaging and dismantling support work by reviewing the dismantling process of each component for XR application. By analyzing the detailed process of the selected dismantling process, Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) application processes will be developed. The basic contents of training system present purpose, goal, period, and evaluation for training and the training contents develop the basic, improvement and intensified course by level. The basic model for evaluation develop 3 stages (reaction, training, behavior) and evaluation process present detail training contents, target and evaluation method, evaluation criteria by level. Additionally, the developed training course and evaluation models will be useful for worker training in dismantling process of nuclear power plant.

Background: Stroke patients commonly experience functional declines in balance and gait due to decreased muscle strength and coordination issues caused by brain damage. Through repetitive training, robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) can aid in promoting neuroplasticity in stroke patients and help them acquire effective gait patterns. Additionally, convalescent rehabilitation hospitals help to ensure rapid recovery through intensive rehabilitation training. Objects: This study investigated the effects of RAGT frequency on gait and balance recovery in stroke patients in convalescent rehabilitation hospitals, providing data to optimize rehabilitation efficiency, enhance functional recovery, and support the development of personalized strategies to ensure safer and more rapid returns to daily life. Methods: This study compared the frequency of RAGT by analyzing a group receiving two units of RAGT per day for 5 days per week with a group receiving two units of RAGT per week as part of a comprehensive rehabilitation program, totaling 16 units daily, in a convalescent rehabilitation hospital. Results: In the 10-minute walking test, statistical significance was observed both within and between groups, whereas the Functional Ambulation Category, Fugl-Meyer Assessment–lower extremities, Berg Balance Scale, and timed up-and-go tests showed significance only within groups. Conclusion: End-effector RAGT and traditional gait training significantly improve gait ability, balance, and lower limb function in stroke patients.

이 연구의 목적은 교육훈련기관의 교육과정과 교육방식 현황분석을 통 해 급변하는 교육환경에 적극적으로 대응하고, 효과적인 교육방식 적용 을 위한 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 대표 적인 교육훈련기관의 전반적인 동향을 파악하고, 국가공무원인재개발원 의 사례를 중심으로 교육과정과 교육방식, 그리고 교육목표와의 연계성 등에 대한 현황분석을 통해 교육과정 특성과 교육목표에 적합한 교육방 식 적용에 대한 교육적 시사점을 도출하였다. 연구방법은 교육훈련기관 의 교육운영계획서 및 관련자료, 선행연구 결과 등을 바탕으로 분석하였 으며, 결과에 따른 주요 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교육과정에 상관없이 대면 교육방식을 가장 많이 적용하고 있다. 둘째 하이브리드 교육방식이 점차 증가하고 있다. 셋째, 교육방식과 교육목표의 정합성 정도에는 큰 차이를 보이지 않고 교육방식과 무관하게 유사한 교육목표 유형을 설정 하고 있다. 따라서 교육과정 특성을 고려한 효과적인 교육방식 채택기준 에 대한 표준화된 지표 개발이 필요하다.

Purpose: This study employed a non-equivalent controlled pre-post experimental design to create educational content on basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) and defibrillators using augmented reality smart glasses and determine its impact on nursing students' clinical competence, self-efficacy, and satisfaction. Method: The participants were nursing students from “S” University. The experimental and control groups comprised 33 and 29 participants, respectively. The dependent variables are clinical competence, self-efficacy, and satisfaction. The experimental group utilized augmented reality smart glasses, while the control group watched videos on a tablet PC. The collected data were analyzed using t-tests, -tests, and ANCOVA through the SPSS 25 program. Results: Clinical competence was significantly higher in the experimental group (1.86±0.01) than in the control group (1.75±0.01; F=31.76, p<.001). Self-efficacy was significantly higher in the experimental group (9.00±0.11) than in the control group (7.94±0.12; F=39.04, p<.001). Similarly, satisfaction was significantly higher in the experimental group (4.95±0.09) than in the control group (4.69±0.30; t=4.494, p<001). Conclusion: Augmented reality-based CPR and defibrillation training is effective in Improving nursing students’ clinical competence, self-efficacy, and satisfaction.

본 연구는 기업 디지털 트랜스포메이션(digital transformation) 교육의 효과성 분석을 위하여, K사 디 지털 트랜스포메이션 교육에 참여한 수료자 679명을 대상으로 2023년 11월 20일부터 11월 30일까지 설문 을 실시하였다. 설문은 학습자들의 나이, 직급 등 일반적인 특성을 포함하여, 개인특성으로 자기효능감, 학습 민첩성, 데이터 리터러시, 교육과정 특성으로 교육 만족도, 내용 이해도, 강사 전문성, 업무 관련성, 조직풍토 특성으로 전이기회, 상사지원, 그리고 현업적용도, 직무몰입, 직무성과에 대한 질문을 포함한 다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 일반적 특성에 따른 현업적용도 평균 차이 분석결과, 성별, 연령대, 직급, 수강영역에 따른 차이가 존재하지 않았지만, 디지털 트랜스포메이션 교육 참여 횟수, 교육 전/후 학습모임 참여 경험, 교육 전 파이썬 프로그램 활용 경험 수준에 따른 평균 차이가 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 개인특성, 교육과정 특성, 조직풍토가 현업적용도에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 위계적 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 개인특성 중에서는 자기효능감, 교육과정 특성에서는 내용 이해도, 조직 풍토에서는 전이 기회가 통계적으로 유의한 정적 영향을 미쳤으며, 영향력의 크기는 내용 이해도, 전이 기회, 자기효능감 순으로 큰 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 현업적용도와 직무몰입, 직무성과와의 관계를 분석한 결과, 현업적용도는 직무몰입과 직무성과에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 현업적용도와 직무 성과와의 관계를 직무몰입이 완전 매개하는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 디지털 트랜스포메이션 교육 프로그 램에 참가한 학습자가 교육 내용에 대한 충분한 이해를 바탕으로 이를 현업에 적용하고, 직무에 몰입함으 로써 직무성과로 이어질 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 넷째, 하위변인을 반영한 최적 모형 도출 결과, 개인특 성인 자기효능감은 교육과정 특성의 내용이해도와 조직풍토의 전이기회를 매개로 현업적용 노력과 실제 현업적용에 영향을 미쳤다. 특히, 현업적용 노력에는 내용이해도가 더 큰 영향을 미치고, 실제 현업적용에 는 전이기회가 더 큰 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 후속연구 수행을 위한 시사점과 제도개선 방안을 제시하였다.

선박직원법은 위험화물 취급에 대한 최소자격 요건을 규정하고 있다. 과거에는 케미컬 탱커 직무교육 이수를 위해 필수적으로 승무 경력이 요구되었으나, 2023년 동 법 개정 이후, 승무 경력이 없어도 교육 이수가 가능해졌다. 이에 따라 교육의 성과는 개정 전에 비 해 낮아질 것이라 예상할 수 있다. 본 연구는 케미컬 탱커 직무교육에서 승무 경력 유무에 따른 교육 만족도 차이를 확인하였다. 그 결과, 이수 자격에서 승무 경력이 삭제된 이후 타 선종에서 케미컬 탱커로 이직자의 비율이 늘고, 승무 경력 유무에 따른 교육 만족도는 승무 경력자가 교육 운영, 교육설계, 교육효과, 강사 능력, 현업 적용 모든 측면에서 높은 만족도를 보였다. 특히 현업 적용에서 가장 큰 만족도 차이를 보이고 교육설계에서 가장 낮은 만족도 차이를 보여 주었다. 이에 대한 개선 방안으로 선상 직무교육의 인정, 시뮬레이터를 활용 한 교육 방법 및 승무 경력자와 무경력자의 토의법을 제안한다. 본 연구는 케미컬 탱커 직무교육 과정에서 승무 경력의 유무가 교육효과 에 미치는 실제 영향을 보여 주며, 향후 교육과정의 개선 시 기초자료로 활용될 것이다.