This study investigates the global hull vibration characteristics of a 2,000-ton fisheries training vessel and evaluates its habitability based on the ISO 6954:2000(E) standards. A three-dimensional finite element model, developed using MSC Patran/Nastran, was validated against sea trial measurement data. The results indicate that natural frequencies are generally below 10 Hz and decrease with increasing load. The habitability assessment shows that vibration levels remain at 5-8% of the ISO criteria for the FEA model and 4-10% for the measured data, confirming that the vessel satisfies the regulatory limits. The methodology, validated by these measurements, provides a quantitative technical basis for the design verification and operational management of similar vessels.

This study evaluates the dynamic stability of an 85-meter single screw fisheries training vessel through empirical prediction, full scale sea trials, and model test analysis. The empirical formula indicated marginal instability. Full scale sea trial tests showed that the first overshoot angle in the 10°/10° zig-zag test exceeded the IMO criterion, a clear unstable loop appeared in the direct spiral test and a residual yaw rate persisted in the pull-out test, confirming dynamic instability. Model propeller wake test report results revealed that the axial velocity distribution was nearly symmetric between port and starboard semi-circles while the tangential component revealed opposite signs indicating a propeller-induced swirl structure. Although the tangential velocity magnitude was small, such asymmetric inflow may influence rudder inflow under marginally unstable conditions. The instability, therefore, is interpreted as a combined effect of hull form characteristics and propeller induced three dimensional flow structures.

본 연구는 미성년자 실습생이 승선하는 상선 실습선 2척을 대상으로 거주공간의 실별 1인당 면적과 사용자 평가(만족도, 면적 확대 요구도, 활용도)를 분석하여 개선 우선순위와 침실의 적정면적을 탐색적으로 도출하였다. 도면 분석 및 5점 리커트 척도 설문(유효 표본 223부)을 통해 거주공간을 개인생활공간, 개인위생공간, 학습, 지원 및 공용공간으로 구분하여 분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 침실과 개인위생공간(샤워실, 화장실)은 낮은 만족도와 높은 면적 확대 요구도가 중첩되어 최우선 개선 공간(1차)으로 식별되었다. 또한, 침실의 1인당 점유 면적과 만족도 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 양(+)의 선형적 상관관계가 확인되었다(p < 0.05). 만족도의 보통(3.0점) 수준을 확보 하기 위한 침실 적정면적은 H호 약 4.92 m²/인, N호 약 5.01 m²/인으로 추정되었으며, 이 값은 현행 설계 기준을 상회하는 수치이다. 본 연 구의 결과는 향후 실습선 신조 및 리모델링 시 사용자 중심의 거주공간 계획을 수립하기 위한 정량적 기초 근거를 제공한다는 점에서 의 의가 있다.

본 연구는 CIPP 평가모형을 적용하여 공동연구 프로그램을 대학원생 관점에서 평가하였다. 연구 대 상은 프로그램 참여 대학원생 15명이며, 방문연구 직후 실시한 대면 인터뷰 자료(15명)와 CIPP 평가모 형에 기반한 설문 18문항(7점 리커트 척도) 및 서면 인터뷰 11문항 응답자료(각 13명)를 수집·분석하 였다. 설문 분석 결과, 영역별 평균은 상황(Context) 6.00점, 투입(Input) 5.25점, 과정(Process) 5.71 점, 산출(Product) 5.95점으로 CIPP 네 영역 전반에서 대체로 긍정적 인식을 보였다. 상황 영역에서는 프로그램 필요성과 개인의 연구·학습 요구의 적합성이 높았고, 대학 간 공동연구·교류 경험을 통해 연구 수준 제고와 타 기관 연계 경험 보완을 기대하였다. 투입 영역은 운영 체계에 대한 평가는 긍정적이었 으나 일정·자원 지원 방식에서는 참여자 간 체감 차가 확인되었다. 과정 영역에서는 활동의 유익성과 몰입도가 높았으나 행정 지원 지연 문제가 일부 제기되었다. 산출 영역에서는 역량 향상, 네트워크 유 지, 진로 영향이 높게 평가되었다. 본 연구는 다기관 공동연구를 ‘교육 프로그램’ 관점에서 조망하여, 과 정과 맥락을 포함한 평가의 필요성을 제시했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Background: Stroke often leads to persistent gait impairments that significantly reduce mobility and quality of life. Conventional rehabilitation has demonstrated therapeutic value but is limited by insufficient personalization and low patient engagement. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a realtime Kinect-based motion analysis and AI-driven virtual reality (VR) gait training system for stroke rehabilitation. Design: Randomized controlled trial with parallel-group assignment. Methods: Thirty stroke patients were randomly assigned to a VR-based gait training group (n=15) or a conventional physical therapy group (n=15) for 8 weeks. The VR system integrated Kinect-based markerless motion capture, a 14-layer artificial neural network for gait parameter prediction, and immersive VR feedback to provide personalized gait retraining. Spatiotemporal gait parameters—including gait velocity, step length, cadence, and step width— were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: The VR group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in gait velocity (0.52 to 0.73 m/s, +40.4%), step length (78.3 to 95.7 cm, +22.2%), and cadence (100.2 to 110.4 steps/min, +10.2%) than the control group, while step width decreased (12.3 to 9.8 cm, −20.3%), indicating enhanced balance and stability. The artificial neural network accurately predicted movement patterns and supported adaptive training with real-time feedback. Conclusion: The real-time VR gait rehabilitation system effectively enhanced gait performance and motor coordination among stroke patients, outperforming conventional physical therapy. The integration of Kinect-based motion capture and AI-driven personalization provides a promising platform for scalable and clinically meaningful stroke rehabilitation.

This study identifies the limitations of the current medical training system for seafarers, which fails to account for the distinct accident characteristics of merchant and fishing vessels, and proposes practical improvements aligned with international conventions such as STCW and STCW-F. The research methodology involves a comparative analysis of domestic and international regulations alongside a review of 55 maritime accident written judgments from 2024 to 2025 to identify vessel-specific risk factors. Furthermore, a survey of 220 seafarers was conducted to empirically verify differences in first-aid competencies and perceptions using statistical analysis. The findings reveal a stark contrast in accident mechanisms: merchant vessels primarily experienced system-driven accidents, such as asphyxiation in enclosed spaces (63.6%) whereas fishing vessels showed an overwhelming prevalence of severe trauma, including entrapment and amputation caused by machinery (72.7%). Despite completing identical statutory training, fishing vessel personnel exhibited significantly lower proficiency in equipment utilization and basic first-aid skills compared to merchant seafarers (p < 0.001). Additionally, both groups demonstrated insufficient proficiency in advanced medical care and remote medical collaboration. The analysis further indicates that current domestic curricula omit several core subjects required by international standards and lack differentiation due to overlapping content. Based on these findings, this study proposes three key improvements: the introduction of customized curricula that emphasize professional equipment operation for merchant vessels and intensive practical trauma care for fishing vessels; the supplementation of missing subjects to align with international standards including the elevation of Radio Medical Advice (RMA) to a mandatory subject; and a transition from theory-oriented education toward a field-oriented practical training and qualification system. These measures are expected to solidify the maritime healthcare safety net by aligning training with empirical accident data and international standards.

Modern warfare demands a high level of coordination and interoperability among multiple combat vehicles and crew members operating in dynamic and complex environments. Traditional training methods are often limited in scalability, flexibility, and cost-efficiency, making it challenging to effectively prepare forces for future battlefield scenarios. To address these limitations, this study presents the development of a Multiple Combat Vehicle Integrated Training Device, a next-generation simulation-based training system. The MCITD integrates advanced technologies such as Extended Reality, Digital Twin modeling, and Artificial Intelligence to deliver immersive, interactive, and highly realistic training experiences. The system allows for simultaneous training of multiple crew members in a networked environment that replicates real-world combat conditions, including terrain, weather, and adversary behavior. Key system components, including the simulation module, network communication framework, battlefield environment generator, and performance analysis engine, are discussed in detail. Potential application scenarios such as large-scale land operations, urban warfare, and multinational joint training exercises are also explored. The MCITD aims to enhance combat readiness, mission success, and training efficiency by providing a cost-effective, scalable, and adaptable solution for future-oriented military training programs.

농업 분야 컴퓨터 비전(Computer Vision) 기술 확산으로 고품질 학습 데이터 확보가 필수적이나, 기존의 수동 데이터 구축 방식은 많은 시간과 비용이 소요되는 한계가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 최신 멀티모달 파운데이션 모델인 SAM3(Segment Anything Model 3)를 기반으로 반자동 어노테이션 시스템을 개발하였다. 제안 시스템은 (1) 텍스트 프롬프트 기반 객체 인 식, (2) SAM3 기반 정밀 마스크 생성 및 학습 가능한 폴리곤 좌표 변환, (3) 사용자 검증의 3단계로 구성되며 GUI로 구현 되었다. 600장 이미지 평가 결과, SAM3는 92.9%의 매칭률 과 0.790의 평균 정밀도(mAP)를 달성하였으며, 데이터셋 구 축 시간을 수동 작업 대비 96~98% 단축시켰다. 이는 SAM+ CLIP, Grounding DINO+SAM 등 기존 파운데이션 모델 대 비 정확도와 효율성 모든 면에서 월등한 성능이다. 본 연구는 파운데이션 모델의 제로샷 성능을 활용해 농업 데이터 레이블 링 효율을 개선하고 관련 AI 연구 가속화에 기여할 것으로 기 대된다.

Background: Turtleneck posture has become increasingly common due to prolonged computer and smartphone use. Walking exercise has been reported to improve postural alignment; however, the effects of inclined backward treadmill walking on turtleneck posture remain unclear. Objectives: To determine whether backward treadmill walking with incline produces greater improvements in turtleneck posture compared with flat backward treadmill walking. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty university students (20–29 years) with FHP were randomly assigned to two groups: inclined backward treadmill walking (n=20) and flat backward treadmill walking (n=20). Both groups performed 15 minutes of exercise, three times per week for 6 weeks. Outcome measures included Neck Disability Index (NDI), Craniovertebral Angle (CVA), and Cervical Apex (CA). Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests with α=.05. Results: Significant within-group improvements in NDI were observed in the incline group (P<.05), but not in the flat group. Both groups showed significant improvements in CVA (P<.05). Between-group comparisons revealed no statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Backward treadmill walking improved turtleneck posture regardless of incline, with inclined walking yielding greater within-group improvement in NDI. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer intervention durations are warranted.

Background: Despite various treatment methods, many functional ankle instability (FAI) patients continue to experience functional deficits. Objectives: To investigate the effect of additional auditory feedback on balance and ankle function in task-oriented balance training for FAI patients. Design: Randomized controlled trial design. Methods: Forty FAI patients were randomly assigned to the auditory feedback task-oriented balance training (ATBT) group (n=20) and the task-oriented balance training (TBT) group (n=20). The training program was implemented for 4 weeks, 3 days a week. Results: After training, the COG movement area, speed, and distance significantly decreased in both the ATBT and TBT groups (P<.05). Additionally, the COG movement speed and distance in the ATBT group were significantly decreased compared to the TBT group (P<.05). The 6-meter crossover hop test time decreased in both the ATBT and TBT groups (P<.05). The ATBT group exhibited a significantly decreased 6-meter crossover hop test time compared to the TBT group (P<.05). Conclusion: Both ATBT and TBT enhanced balance and ankle function in FAI patients. ATBT was more effective in improving balance and ankle function than TBT.

Background: Weakness of the abdominal muscles reduces trunk control and impairs respiratory function in stroke patients. To strengthen the abdominal muscles, threshold expiratory muscle training and trunk FES can be used. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether a combined intervention of threshold expiratory muscle training and trunk FES is more effective in improving trunk control and respiratory function than threshold expiratory muscle training alone. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty individuals with stroke were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=15) or the control group (n=15). The experimental group received threshold expiratory muscle training with trunk electrical stimulation, while the control group performed threshold expiratory muscle training only. Both groups underwent training three times per week for four weeks. Trunk control and respiratory function were assessed pre and post the intervention. Results: Both groups showed significant post-intervention improvement in respiratory function; however, the experimental group demonstrated a greater change than the control group. The control group showed significant improvement only in the total TIS score, whereas the experimental group showed significant improvement across all TIS subcomponents. Conclusion: Combining threshold expiratory muscle training with trunk FES is an effective approach for enhancing not only respiratory function but also trunk control. Synchronizing electrical stimulation with expiratory timing may increase efficiency and strengthen functional muscle contraction, suggesting meaningful clinical value.

목적 : 본 연구는 양안시기능 이상을 가진 아동을 대상으로 디지털 기반 시기능 훈련 프로그램의 훈련적 효과를 평가하는 것이다. 훈련 후 자각증상, 양안시 기능, 조절 및 융합여력, 안구운동성의 변화를 분석하고자 하였다. 방법 : 근거리 외사위 7Δ 이상 및 조절·융합 기능 저하를 보이는 아동 24명을 대상으로 굴절이상을 완전교정 후 디지털 시기능 훈련(총 2주, 주 3회, 회당 15분)을 실시하였다. 디지털 시기능 훈련은 디지털 폭주훈련(라이프 세이버카드), 디지털 주변월차트, 시선추적 기반 게이밍 시스템의 세 가지 모듈로 구성하였다. 훈련 전·후에 CISS 설문조사, 사위도(von-Graefe), PFV/NFV, NPA/NPC, 조절·버전스용이성, SCCO 검사, H-S scale, DEM 검 사, GST 검사를 3회 반복 측정하였다. 모든 수치는 Python 기반 통계 분석을 통해 p<0.050를 유의수준으로 검토 하였다. 결과 : 디지털 기반 시기능 훈련 후, 근거리 외사위도는 유의하게 감소하였으며 NPC 단축과 PFV 증가는 통계 적으로 유의한 개선을 보였다(p<0.050). 조절근점은 단축되고 폭주근점 또한 향상되어 조절 및 융합 능력의 기능 적 회복이 확인되었다. 조절·버전스 용이성에서는 조절용이성은 변화가 미약하였으나 버전스용이성은 유의한 증 가를 나타냈다. 안구운동성(SCCO, DEM, GST)은 전반적으로 개선되었으며 특히 DEM 검사에서 반응 시간이 유 의하게 단축되었다. CISS 총점은 모든 항목에서 감소하여 주관적 시각 증상이 뚜렷하게 경감되었다. 이러한 결과 는 디지털 기반 훈련이 기존 아날로그 시기능 훈련과 동등한 훈련 효과를 갖는다는 기존 연구와 일관된 패턴을 보 였다. 결론 : 디지털 기반 시기능훈련은 양안시기능, 조절력, 융합 버전스, 안구 운동성 및 주관적 증상의 전반에서 유 의한 향상을 보여 전통적 시기능 훈련과 동등한 훈련 효과를 확인하였다. 또한 게임화·시선추적 기반 UI는 훈련 참여도와 임상 적용 가능성을 확장하였다. 본 연구는 디지털 시기능 훈련이 아동의 폭주·조절 이상 개선에 효과적 인 훈련 옵션임을 시사한다.

Background: Early recovery of cognitive function and lower-limb strength is critical for regaining mobility and independence after stroke. However, patients with cognitive impairment often have limited participation in conventional rehabilitation (CR). Objects: This study compared the effects of robotic tilt-table training (RT) group and CR group on cognitive function, lower-limb strength, balance, gait, and activities of daily living in patients with subacute stroke. Methods: In this retrospective study, 122 patients with subacute stroke were divided into two groups: the RT group and the CR group. The interventions were administered 5 times per week for a period of 4 weeks. Cognitive function was assessed using the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, muscle strength using Manual Muscle Test, spasticity using the Modified Ashworth Scale, balance using the Berg Balance Scale, gait using the Functional Ambulation Category, and activities of daily living using the Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index, both before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Mann–Whitney U-tests. Between-group comparisons were performed on change scores (Δ = post − pre), and baseline differences were adjusted using ANCOVA or rank ANCOVA as appropriate (two-sided α = 0.05). Results: After 4 weeks of intervention, both groups showed within-group improvements in balance, gait, and activities of daily living (p < 0.05); however, the RT group demonstrated greater improvements in cognitive function and lower-limb muscle strength compared to the CR group. The two groups differed significantly in cognitive function and lower extremity muscle strength (p < 0.05) but not in spasticity, balance, gait, or activities of daily living (p > 0.05). Conclusion: RT may be effective in improving cognitive function and lower-limb strength in patients with subacute stroke, potentially serving as an adjunct rehabilitation strategy to promote early mobility and functional recovery. However, its effects on balance, gait, and spasticity were not significant, indicating the need for complementary task-specific training and further controlled studies.

This study verified the moderating effects of personality types (Ego-States) on the relationship between Training Attitude (TA), Training Environment (TE), and Training Performance (TP) among Work-Learning Dual program apprentices. Drawing from Transactional Analysis, personality types were classified into five Ego-States: Critical Parent (CP), Nurturing Parent (NP), Adult (A), Free Child (FC), and Adapted Child (AC). An analysis of 354 apprentices revealed significant differences in TP scores. The FC and A types demonstrated the highest performance (mean scores of 4.11 and 4.05 out of 5, respectively), whereas the CP and NP types recorded lower scores (3.25 and 3.30, respectively). Regarding the moderating effects, TA was found to have a significant effect on TP at the 5% significance level, and the interaction term between TA and personality type also showed a significant effect on TP at the 5% level. Consequently, personality type was identified as a quasi-moderator for TA. Specifically, the positive effect of TA was weakened for the AC type but strengthened for the FC type. In the case of TE, the analysis indicated no significant direct effect on TP at the 5% significance level. However, the interaction term between TE and personality type significantly influenced TP at the 5% level, thereby confirming personality type as a pure moderator for TE. This significant impact was observed specifically for the A and AC types. These findings demonstrate that the pathway to high training performance is not uniform. The results strongly suggest the need for differentiated training management and instructional design tailored to the specific personality profiles of apprentices to maximize program effectiveness.

The Republic of Korea Armed Forces are implementing various scientific training systems to prepare for future warfare and are seeking advanced integration with AI - driven scientific military innovation. This study proposes the Synthetic Training Environment (STE) as a future-oriented model designed to overcome current limitations in military training. STE provides the foundation for evolving into an integrated, combined arms training system. In addition, the study introduces a data integration framework based on the Defense Training Management System (DTMS). This framework aims to standardize and unify training data across service branches, thereby enabling effective AI interoperability. Future tasks include real-time integration of synthetic and live training, 24/7 data access via the Metaverse, and the establishment of a cyclic system of learning, operation, and evolution. To that end, this research ultimately proposes the CJDSW-MST model - a comprehensive framework linking STE, DTMS, and unmanned combat systems for future-ready, intelligent military training.

This study aims to propose improvement measures and curriculum development strategies to maximize the educational effectiveness of the workforce training program conducted within the Carbon Materials Specialized Materials-Parts-Equipment (MPE) Cluster. An analysis of the relationship between educational satisfaction and skill improvement rates, based on participants’ characteristics— such as age, educational background, and job position—revealed a significant positive correlation between these variables. In particular, program content, training facilities and environment, and operation time were found to have a statistically significant impact on skill improvement rates Based on these findings, the existing single-track program, which focused on skilled workers and managers, was restructured into a three-stage customized curriculum consisting of beginner, skilled worker, and executive management levels. Furthermore, the courses were subdivided by company type (common, material/intermediate goods, and product/ application companies) to strengthen field-oriented practical competencies. The proportion of theoretical and practical sessions was also adjusted according to each stage to simultaneously enhance satisfaction with training duration and maximize educational effectiveness. By differentiating the ratio of theoretical to practical hours at each training stage, the revised curriculum improved satisfaction with operation time while maximizing educational outcomes. This study provides empirical evidence to enhance the effectiveness of in-service training and offers both academic and practical implications by presenting a systematic approach to talent development policies within the carbon industry cluster.

이 연구의 목적은 초등 교원 전문 양성 대학교의 교육과정 및 비 교육과정에서 체육 관련 활동 의 현황 파악과 실제 초등학교 체육교육 현장에서의 적용 문제점 도출을 통한 제도적 보완점 제안이다. 초 등 교원 전문 양성 대학교의 체육활동 관련 교육과정과 비 교육과정 현황에 대해 종합하여 작성된 문서를 바탕으로 기존의 연구 논문과 도서, 관련 기사 등을 분석하여 문헌 연구하였다. 초등 교원 전문 양성 대학 교의 체육과 교육과정은 예비 초등 교원의 현장 적응성 향상을 키워주는데 부족한 실정이었고, 비 교육과 정인 전국교육대학교 체육대회는 초등학교 현장에서 성행중인 전국학교스포츠클럽 축전과 종목이 상이하 였다. 초등 교원 전문 양성 대학교의 체육과 교육과정에서의 다양한 뉴스포츠 활동 과목 신설 및 확충, 전 국교육대학교 체육대회 운영 시 전국학교스포츠클럽 종목 반영 및 지역 교육청의 적극적인 협찬과 지원, 초등 교원 전문 양성 대학교 자체의 스포츠 리그 운영 등이 필요하였다.

본 연구는 내빙 실습선 건조의 필요성과 경제성을 종합적으로 평가함으로써, 한국 해기사 교육 및 북극항로 대응 역량 강 화를 위한 전략적 방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 북극해 환경 변화 및 북극해 선박 운항 분석, Polar code 분석, 북극 해 관련 정책 및 교육 수요를 검토하였으며, 이를 토대로 세 가지 건조 대안(대안 1~3)을 설정한 후 비용-효과 분석(Cost-Effectiveness Analysis)을 통해 각 대안별 상대적 경제성 및 정책적 효용성을 비교․평가하였다. 분석 결과, 단순 건조비 측면에서는 대안 1이 가장 경 제적인 것으로 나타났으나, 극지 전문인력 양성, 북극항로 실증 연구, 국제협력 강화, 해상교통로 확보, 국가 전략적 기반 마련 등 교육· 연구·정책적 파급효과를 종합적으로 고려한 경우 대안 2가 가장 적합한 방안으로 도출되었다. 북극해를 운항할 수 있는 내빙 실습선 건 조는 단순히 선박 확보를 넘어, 한국 해기사의 국제 경쟁력 확보, 한국 해운기업의 북극항로 진출 기반 마련, 북극권 국가와의 해운․해 양 협력 등의 복합적 효과를 갖는 것으로 평가된다. 이 연구가 향후 우리 정부의 북극 정책 수립에 기초 자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

This study aims to analyze a case of a short-term Korean language training program for learners from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and to derive its implications. The program was structured in the following sequence: student recruitment by the UAEU (United Arab Emirates University) coordinator, pre-program preparation by the coordinator at University B, joint operation of the program by coordinators from both institutions, and the preparation and sharing of a final report by the University B coordinator. This study focuses on training programs conducted from 2023 to 2025 and employs qualitative analysis based on responses to surveys administered after the program. The analysis revealed that while learners generally expressed high satisfaction with the Korean language classes and cultural experiences, some reported lower satisfaction in aspects related to daily living, such as food and accommodation, due to cultural differences. These findings suggest areas for improvement in future program design. By presenting a practical case of short-term Korean language training for UAE learners, this study serves as foundational data for the development of Korean language education programs and related research targeting learners from the Middle East.