In this study, sustainable utilization plans were proposed by reviewing the current status and problems of water infrastructure, focusing on water supply and sewage system in Chungcheongnam-do. Due to the regional characteristics of the rural areas in Chungcheongnam-do which has a very low urbanization rate, there is a difference in the level of water welfare services between local governments. Compared to other governments, there are relatively many small water facilities, resulting in a service imbalance in terms of tap water safety. In addition, Chungcheongnam-do has a structure that is very vulnerable to water security to cope with climate change and drought due to its high dependence on wide-area water supply. Therefore, it should be considered in consideration of population reduction and local extinction due to low birth rate and aging population. Rural areas should clearly establish marginal areas for the supply of water and sewage, and implement regional customized water and sewage projects in consideration of local extinction. Water supply projects should be implemented in a distributed water supply method using various water sources. In order to respond to climate change and establish water security, a distributed water supply system should be established through a multi-source water loop system using various water sources. Sewage projects should be establish public sewage treatment facilities in consideration of the priorities of each local government, focusing on local governments with low sewage treatment population rates. In consideration of regional characteristics, it is necessary to consider the installation of private sewage treatment facilities or nature-friendly treatment facilities such as soil infiltration and artificial wetlands. An integrated management system using Internet of Things(IOT) or Information and Communications Technology(ICT) should be established and operated to improve the operation and management efficiency of small-scale water supply and sewage facilities.

This study was conducted to understand the current status of regional health inequalities and nurse supply and demand policies, and to suggest ways to supply nurses to regions where nurses are scarce. Secondary data such as academic papers, government announcements, and related laws were analyzed, and the results were reviewed from various perspectives to derive policy proposals. Health professions were distributed around large cities including Seoul, and those regions had relatively high health levels. However, the number of hospital beds increased steadily, mainly in the non-metropolitan area. This seems to be one of the reasons why there is always a shortage of nurses in the local medical field despite the supply of nurses, and it can be a factor that aggravates regional inequalities. In order to solve the chronic shortage of nurses, supply-oriented policies such as increasing the admission quota and utilizing inactive nurses, and demand-oriented policies such as regulations on the nurse staffing level and improvement of the incentive scheme for quality evaluation of hospital service have been implemented. In the past, the focus was simply on the quantitative expansion of nurses, but recently, policies that emphasize the qualitative aspect of nursing are being promoted. However, the policy for the distribution aspect of nurses is still somewhat incomplete. Therefore, to solve this problem, strengthening the nurse staffing level in medical institutions, promoting nursing policies led by local governments, developing standard wage guidelines, and training nurses as public health personnel were proposed.

This study investigated the recognition and utilization status of food labeling and nutrition labeling, according to the body type recognition of university students. In a total of 351 subjects, the male subjects comprised of 25.8% belonging to the underweight awareness group, 46.3% normal weight awareness group, and 27.9% overweight awareness students. Among the female students, 29.2% belonged to the underweight awareness group, 36.6% were normal body weight, and 34.2% were the overweight group. When purchasing processed foods, the price (4.05 points), expiration date (4.03 points), and gross weight (3.88 points) were the most considered factors of the food labeling content (5 points) for all body shape recognition groups. The food labeling of canned foods was checked most by the underweight awareness group (p<0.05). For bread and snacks, the contents of food labeling were confirmed most by the normal weight awareness group and the overweight awareness group (p<0.001). For beverages, the normal weight awareness group checked more food labels (p<0.01). The underweight awareness group (55.2%) hardly checked the nutritional labeling, and 22.9% of these subjects did not check at all. Our results may provide the necessity to improve the incorrect eating habits of students, by evaluating differences between the cognitive body type and the actual body type by BMI.

The results of the survey on water utilization status, the wasted water factor, the awareness, and the education and promotional activities of water saving in Daejeon City are as follows: The percentage of using tap valve with a closure was 66% when showering. 74% of water was used with closing the tap valve when washing faces with no water needed, it was still considered that there existed a wasting water. The most wasting reasons of water were found to be shower, bath, and laundry in order. In the awareness of practicing tap water saving, 9.1% of respondents acted actively, 53.4% of them were trying to practice it, and more than 63% had a positive awareness. In the contents of practicing saving water, locking water when soaping while showering, non-laundry of small quantity, and using cups when brushing teeth were top priorities. About 50% of the reasons for saving water was to practice purely saving water, when saving for economic help was excluded. The level of water saving awareness was not high when considering that the ratio of usage without water saving equipment and installation, and using method was relatively high when moving in. In order to make usage of water saving equipment more common, it was deemed necessary to provide information on the purchase of water saving equipment and to promote and educate the efficiency of saving of related products. More than about 90% of the respondents responded that water saving education or promotional activities had an effect of improving water saving awareness. The most effective method of education and promotional activities was found to be 40.4% by mass media activities, and 21.7% by promotions through mobile devices.

식품안전보건지표는 그 활용성이 높아 국외에서는 종합적인 환경보건지표 내 세부영역에서 개발되어 활용되고 있으나, 국내의 경우 환경보건지표와 독자적으로 개발되어 도입단계에 있다. 본 연구에서는 기 개발된 식품안전 보건지표를 활용할 수 있는 방안을 사례연구의 형태로 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 선정하여 제시한 활용방안으로는 지수화를 통한 통합식품안전보건지수 산출, 통합식품안전 보건지수와 이를 구성하는 식품안전보건지표간의 상관성평가, 통합식품안전보건지수와 사회경제적 지위와의 상관성평가가 있다. 지역 내에서 식품안전보건상태의 변화를 나타내는 통합식품안전보건지수I과 해당 년도의 지역별 식품안전보건수준을 나타내는 통합식품안전보건지수II가 산출되었다. 통합식품안전보건지수I은 Campylobacter jejuni, Bacillus cereus, 살모넬라, 원인미상으로 인한 식품매개질환 발생건수, 식품매개 법정감염병 발생률 중 장출혈성 대장균 발생률와 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 통합식품안전보건지수II는 외국인 비율과 여성 비율이 증가할수록 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였고, 인구밀도가 증가할 수록 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 제시된 활용방안을 통해 전반적인 국내 식품안전보건상태와 지역별연도별 식품안전보건상태의 변화원인을 파악할 수 있으며, 식품안전과 관련이 있을 것으로 예상되는 기타 요인과의 연관성을 분석하여 추가적인 추론을 할 수 있다. 이 외에도 식품안전보건지표는 다양한 방면으로 활용이 가능하고, 정책적 기준 설정 및 방향성 제시의 근거자료로도 활용할 수 있으므로 향후 더욱 활발한 연구와 지속적인 관심이 필요하다.

본 연구는 최근 3년간의 항만 및 어항개발사업에 따른 해역이용협의서 91건을 분석하여 그 작성실태(평가항목별 조사현황과 영향예측 등)를 파악하고, 문제점을 개선하기 위한 방안을 요약 · 제시하였다. 9개 평가항목 중에서 해양화학, 해양퇴적물 및 해양생태계 부분에서는 현장조사 비율이 높았으나(70 % 이상), 조사자료를 활용한 영향예측은 미흡하였다. 반면, 해양물리의 경우는 현황조사 비율은 낮았지만(조석 7.7 %, 조류 24.2 %), 영향예측 수행비율은 높아 예측결과를 뒷받침할 만한 근거와 검증 측면에서 문제점이 있었다. 즉, 조사와 예측에 대한 평가가 연관성이 낮아 신뢰성이 떨어지고 있었다. 항만 및 어항개발사업에 있어 영향예측과 밀접하게 관련되어 있는 주요 외력(조석, 조류 및 파랑 등) 및 중점평가사항에 대한 체계적인 진단이 필요하나, 현재는 사업유형을 고려하지 않는 일반적인 평가방법과 자료인용이 이루어지고 있는데, 향후 사업규모와 지역특성 등을 고려한 중점평가항목과 구체적 평가사항(조사시기, 정점선정)을 사전에 스코핑해 줄 수 있는 제도적 장치가 필요할 것이다. 또한, 현장조사자료의 신뢰성 강화를 위해 해양화학 및 해양퇴적물의 분석에 관한 정도관리체계의 적용이 강화되어야 할 것이다.

This study focus on what methods of MOT are needed and utilized to solve a technical problem in the MOT leading company. We first classified the MOT methods by project life cycle and R&D job quality based on the several discussion with working group. In o

Blood from livestock is a common by-product which is obtained in industrial slaughterhouses. Blood is mainly composed of three fractions, red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and plasma. Plasma contains about 8% proteins, which is mainly composed of albumin, globulins and fibrinogen. Hemoglobin is the major protein within whole blood including RBC. These proteins isolated from animal blood have been used in variety of industry such as food, medical, pharmaceutics, animal feed and laboratory. Initially, blood is sterile in healthy animals thus adequate blood collecting system helps to minimize the risk of contamination. In Europe, closed-draining systems are adopted and a high-quality blood product is produced. European Union lays down health rules as regard animal by-products and derived products called Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 which is improved to No 1069/2009. This regulation lays down strict animal and public health rules for the blood collection, transport, storage, handling, processing and use or disposal of all animal by-products. In spite of the significant using of blood from livestock, almost blood from slaughtering is considered a waste except only small part for use and causes a serious environmental pollution in Korea. Because of the environmental pollution by blood from slaughterhouse, the great expense is loosed, and blood-related products are small and are imported from foreign countries in Korea. For successful blood utilization, suitable infrastructure facilities are needed to control microbial contamination of blood from slaughterhouses and more specific plans on animal blood control may be established at the same time.

학교숲사업이 무엇인지에 대하여 잘 알고 있는 응답자는 지역주민과 교사 모두 7%와 25%에 불과했으며 학교숲의 효과에 대해서는 학생들을 가르치는 교사들은 학교숲의 교육적 효과가 가장 크다고 응답하였으며 지역주민들은 ‘학교숲사업’의 교육적 효과(4.35), 환경적 효과(4.40), 지역의 공원역할(4.42), 학교의 이미지 제고(4.16) 등에 대해서 모두 긍정적효과가 있다고 인식하는 것으로 판단되었다.지역주민을 대상으로 한 학교숲의 이용실태에 대한 결과를 확인해보면 대상 초등학교의 학교숲 이용목적으로는전반적으로 ‘걷기, 달리기’의 비율이 높게 나타난 반면 ‘환경교육 및 자연교육’을 위해 이용한다는 응답은 낮게 나타나지역주민은 초등학교 학교숲을 운동 목적으로 많이 이용함을 알 수 있었다. 학교숲을 이용하는 이유로는 ‘가까이 있어서이용하기 쉽기 때문(접근성 양호)’이란 응답이 가장 높게 나타났다.마지막으로 대상지별로 지역주민과 교사의 학교숲에 대한 만족도를 확인할 수 있었으며 학교숲 이용의 활성화를위한 추가 조성요소도 파악할 수 있었다.학교숲은 해당 학교만의 관심사가 아니며 중앙정부, 지자체 및 사회단체 등 다양한 지원주체가 통합적으로 지원체계를구축할 필요가 있으며 현재 1년 단위로 행정에서 주관하여 지원하는 학교숲 조성사업이 단계별 사업추진과 다년간 지원을통한 사후유지관리시스템으로 구축하는 것이 무엇보다도 중요할 것이다. 또한, 학교숲가꾸기사업의 활성화를 위해서는좀 더 많은 재원확보가 필요하며 학교숲의 공감대 형성을 위해 보다 내실있는 홍보가 뒷받침되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Commercially managed bees are available for pollination services and are used in large commercial fields, small gardens, or enclosures such as greenhouses and screen houses. We investigated the use rate and number of commercial bees such as bumblebees, honeybees and mason bees for the pollination of 10 major horticultural crops and fruit trees in Korea. The use rates of bumblebees for 10 major horticultural crops and fruit trees were approximately 7.9% and 2.8% in 2009, respectively. The use numbers of bumblebees as pollinators was more than 64,345 colonies which included 51,400 for 10 major horticultural crops and 12,945 colonies for 10 major fruit trees, in 2009. The use rate of honeybees as a pollinator for 10 major horticultural crops in greenhouses and fruit trees were approximately 48.0% and 7.7%, respectively. The number of hives used for 10 horticultural crops and fruit trees was estimated to be 305,216 and 32,386, respectively. The number of honeybees hives used for pollination of 10 major horticultural crops and fruit trees was estimated to be 337,602. The use numbers of honeybees as pollinators was more than 337,602 hives in 10 major horticultural crops and fruit trees, in 2009. The number of honeybee hives used as pollinators of outside crops, including many fruits and vegetables, was estimated to be more than 500,000. The value of honeybees as pollinators was estimated to be more than 8.5% to 15.0% of total Korean beekeeping products. The rate of use of mason bees for 10 major fruit trees was approximately 3.3%. The number of mason bees individuals used for 10 major fruit trees was estimated to be 1,350,000. The value of commercial insect pollinators in 2009 in Korea was estimated at more than $45 million.

본 연구의 목적은 경산시 보호수의 환경분석, 보호관리 및 활용 실태 등의 조사 분석을 통한 합리적인 관리 및 활용방안을 위한 기초자료를 제시하는데 있다. 조사한 결과를 보면 경산시가 지정한 41개소에 보호수 55주가 있고 총 종수는 8종이며, 수종으로는 회화나무 (30.9%)와 느티나무 (23.6%)순으로 가장 많았다. 보호수의 유형으로는 당산목이 45.5%로 가장 많았고 그 다음으로는 풍치목이 36.7%를 차지하였다. 200년~300년 사이의 보호수가 21주로 전체 38.2%를 차지하였고, 수고는 15 ~ 20 m 사이의 보호수가 경산시 보호수의 54.6%를 차지하였다. 보호수의 입지 유형을 보면 마을형이 34%로 가장 많았고, 다음으로 도로변형이 19.5%로 많았다. 식재유형은 독립수가 전체 보호수의 78%를 차지하였다. 보호수의 근원부는 나지상태가 58.5%로 가장 많았고, 다음으로는 쇄석 및 자갈이 19.5%를 차지하였다. 토양경도는 평균 9.64 mm로 나타났고 보호책은 9곳에 설치가 되어있고 석축이 있는 곳은 22개소로 전체 53.7%로 조사되었다. 외과수술을 받은 보호수는 38주로 전체 70.9%를 차지하였고 표지석은 보호수 전체의 80.5%인 33개소에 설치되어 있었다. 쉼터로 이용되고 있는 곳은 13곳으로 전체 31.7%를 차지하였고 시설물은 주로 정자, 의자, 간단한 체육시설, 야외테이블 등으로 구성되어 있었다. 본 연구에서 기존쉼터를 정비하거나 보호수 주변을 정비해서 소규모 공원화가 될 수 있는 지역을 제시하였다. 향후 농촌지역 공원녹지 공간 확보 및 지역민의 공동체회복을 위한 보호수 주변 소공원 조성 가능성을 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 의의가 크다고 사료된다.

This study was conducted to investigate the perception and using behavior for the Green Tea by a survey. The subjects of this study were consisted of 43.1% of males and 56.9% of females in Daegu city and Gyeong-Sang Buk-Do Province. The main results are as follows : About 85.9% of the participants preferred the Green Tea owing to good for health but the others didn't like owing to not delicious. 51.1% of the subjects had one cup of Green Tea per day. The responses to the 13 questions of the Green Tea were measured on 5 point Likert scale. The item 'Green Tea is natural food' received the highest point but 'Green Tea is delicious' received the lowest. About one half of total subjects knew how to make the Green Tea and 40.4% of them learned the recipes from their mother. About 63.7% replied 'Increasing' prospects for the Green Tea consumption. About 53.7% said the plan should be 'made of good quality Green Tea' for the purpose of better improvement and extention of consumption.

본 연구는 상품화된 육수 재료의 이용 현황 및 소비자 의견을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었고 이를 위해 서울에 거주하는 500명의 주부를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 사용하는 제품의 종류는 분말형이 가장 많았고 시간 절약과 편리함이 상품화된 육수재료를 사용하는 가장 주된 이유였다. 또한 육수 재료를 사용하는 방법으로는 육류로 만든 육수에 섞어서 사용하는 방법이 가장 많이 쓰이고 있었다. 상품화된 육수 재료의 기호도에 대해서는 응답자의 81%가 상품화된 육수에 대해 '좋아하지 않는다'라고 하였다. 좋아하지 않는 가장 큰 이유는 '첨가제에 대한 염려와 인공조미료 때문'이었다. 연령이 높고 결혼지속년수가 길수록 상품화된 육수 재료를 좋아하지 않는 비율은 높아졌다. 상품화된 육수가 품질만 보장된다면 응답자의 75%는 사용할 의사가 있는 것으로 나타났으나 나머지는 아무리 좋은 품질이라 해도 육수는 직접 제조하겠다고 응답하였다. 60대 이상의 응답자들만은 상품화된 육수를 사용하지 않겠다는 비율이 더 높아 60대 이상의 고령층은 상품화된 육수 제품에 대해 가장 거부감이 큰 연령대인 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 결과, 상품화된 육수의 수요는 크나 시판되는 제품들에 대한 만족도는 낮은 것으로 나타났으므로 소비자 요구를 반영한 육수 제품에 대한 연구가 시급한 것으로 생각된다.