Owing to time and cost constraints, new methods that would make it possible to evaluate the safety of the water supply pipeline in a less time- and cost-consuming manner are urgently needed. In response to this exigency, the present study developed a new statistical model to assess the safety of the water supply pipeline using the quantification theory type Ⅱ. In this research, the safety of the water supply pipeline was defined as ‘a possibility of the pipeline failure’. Quantification analysis was conducted on the qualitative data, such as pipe material, coating, and buried condition. The results of analyses demonstrate that the hit ratio of the quantification function amounted to 77.8% of hit ratio, which was a fair value. In addition, all variables that were included in the quantification function were logically valid and demonstrated statistically significant. According to the results derived from the application of the safety evaluation model, the coefficient of determination (R2) between K-region’s water supply pipeline safety and the safety inspection amounted to 0.80. Therefore, these findings provide meaningful insight for the measured values in real applications of the model. The results of the present study can also be meaningfully used in further research on safety evaluation of pipelines, establishing of renewal prioritization, as well as asset management planning of the water supply infrastructure.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is development of automatic equipment to measure the road water-reservoir which can be one of factors for road traffic safety inspection and its application to safety analysis. METHODS : The scopes of this study are the examination of the riskiness and location of road water-reservoir through literature review, development of appropriate sensor and automatic equipment to survey the road water-reservoir and evaluation of field application. RESULTS: The laser lighting and IR camera were selected to develop the equipment. It was found from the field calibration that there is a high correlation between rutting and road water-reservoir and road water-reservoir caused by rutting can be correctly calculated. About 20.2km of national highway were inspected for case study and field application. It was found from correlation of traffic incident that 2.08km of the latent length for water-reservoir which is related to 12 traffic incidents were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS : This technique can be utilized evaluation method for road condition such as road water-reservoir for conventional evaluation system such as road traffic safety assessment and safety analysis and it can be use to new evaluation system to apply various road condition and traffic condition.

국민 소득수준 향상과 주 5일제 정착 및 해양으로 접근성 개선 등으로 해양에 관한 국민 관심이 지 속적으로 고조되고 있는 추세이며, 특히 최근 우리나라 주요 해안의 경우 레저와 여가를 위한 친수와 휴식공간으 로 지속적으로 개발함에 따라 이를 이용하려는 이용객이 점차적으로 늘어나고 있다. 그러나 이러한 수변영역 에는 다양한 재해ㆍ재난사고 발생 가능성이 산재하고 있음에도 불구하고 안전관리시스템의 부재로 안타까운 인명 및 재산피해가 끊이질 않고 발생하고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 해양활동 이용객 및 안전사고 위협 및 수 변영역 안전관리 실태 및 문제점 분석하고, 그에 따른 수변영역 안전관리시스템 설계 방안에 연구하고자 한다.

A water purifiers for home-use has been popularly used as increasing distrust of the drinking tap water in views of safety. Besides, chlorination of drinking water can produce trihalomethanes known as a carcinogens. In general, a water purifier is known to remove risk factors such as infectious microorganisms, harmful chemicals and heavy metals. We compared the change of water components before and after purification by a water purifier and evaluated the results whether this purification system is reliable or not for safety of drinking water. The samples of water from 11 sites at the campus of Jeju National University were examined by physicochemical analyses, including concentration of sodium, potassium, chloride, residual chlorine, boron, nitrate nitrogen, sulfur, hexavalent chromium, copper, iron, aluminium, silicon, selenium, vanadium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, arsenic, antimony, zinc, cadmium, lead, strontium. Microbiological analysis was performed by counting mesophilic bacterial colonies. Almost of all the physicochemical components after purification were shown to decrease tendency of their concentrations but not significantly differenty except that of residual chlorine. Mesophilic bacterial counts after purification were shown to increase when compared to those of tap water. All the tap water was met the acceptance of requirement of drinking water, but samples of the water after purification were failed (4 from 11). After draining generous amount of water from a purifier, bacterial counts were observed to show a decreased tendency. Bacterial colonies were not detected when the concentration of residual chlorine was higher than 0.2 ppm. Although seasonal factors and maintenance condition were not concerned in this study, higher bacterial counts in purified water could cause some problems in using water purifier for home-use. Considering the results obtained, regular maintenance and care including filter change and sterilizing the reservoir are absolutely required. A further study is required to examine where the bacteria are coming from.

본 연구는 급수전('tap'과 'faucet'은 호환사용)의 종류에 따른 사용자의 조작방향에 대해 우리나라와 다른 나라의 문화적인 차이를 비교한 연구결과이다. 이를 위하여 우리들이 가정과 공공시설의 화장실이나 욕실 등에서 많이 사용하고 있는 냉 온수 일체형 레버형 손잡이 급수전과 냉 온수 분리형 손잡이 급수전을 선정하여 이의 열림 방향에 대한 스테레오타입을 파악하였다. 또한 본 실험결과와 다른 문화권의 자료를 비교하여 이의 차이를 규명함으로써 서로 다른

가압경수로(PWR)에서 배출되는 고준위폐기물을 지하 500m의 화강암 암반의 처분장에 장기간(약 10,000년 동안) 처분하기 위하여 여러 구조적 안전성 평가 수행을 통하여 처분용기모델이 개발되었다. 기존에 설계된 가압경수로용 처분용기 모델은 구조적 안전성은 문제가 없으나 너무 무거운 단점이 지적되었다. 따라서 구조적 안전성을 유지하면서 좀 더 경량화 된 처분용기모델을 개발하는 것이 요구된다. 기존의 처분용기모델이 무거워진 한가지 이유는 처분용기 개발 시 적용된 외력조건 및 안전계수 등에 대한 조건들을 너무 엄격하게 적용했기 때문이라고 사료되기 때문에 이런 조건들을 완화하여 처분용기의 재원들을 조정하여 구조해석을 다시 수행하는 것이 요구된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 설계 완성된 기존의 처분용기에 대하여 외력 조건 및 용기의 재원(두께 등) 들을 변화시키면서 구조해석을 재 수행하여 구조적 안전성 평가를 보완하였다. 이를 바탕으로 외력 조건에 따른 처분용기의 재원 등을 재 산출한다. 보완 해석 결과 기존의 122cm의 처분용기의 직경을 102cm까지 줄여 경량화 시킬 수 있음이 확인되었다.

Gamma irradiation at 20 kGy was applied to Kanjang (soy sauce), Doenjang (soybean paste), Kochujang (hot pepper paste) and Chungkukjang for their possible genotoxicity The genotoxicity of 20 kGy-irradiated samples was evaluated by Salmonella typhimurlum reversion assay. The Salmonella tester strains included TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 in the absence and presence of an exogenous metabolizing system (S9 mix). All samples were negative in the bacterial reversion assay with S. typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537. The results indicated that 20 kGy of gamma irradiation on water-soluble fraction of Kanjang, Doenjang, Kochujang and Chungkukjang were not shown mutagenicity.

According to this research, the buoyancy force safety review of the buried water pipeline is carried out to determine the safety. In addition, it suggests ways to use as basic data for establishing future maintenance strategy.

The numerical model was developed to estimate the transient behavior of pressure waves in pipe systems. The computational algorithm was proposed to model the water hammer phenomenon in a pipe system with pump shutdown at midstream and sudden valve closure at downstream. To predict the pressure head and the flow velocity as a function of time as a result of rapidly closing a valve and pump shutdown, two boundary conditions at the ends considering pump operation and valve control can be implemented as specified equations of the pressure head and flow velocity based on the characteristics method. It was shown that the effects of transient flow make it determine the needs for protection devices, such as surge tanks, surge relief valves, or air valves, at various points in the system against overpressure and low pressure. It produced reasonably good performance with the results of the proposed transient model for pipeline systems. The proposed numerical model can be used as an efficient tool for the safety assessment of hydropower plants due to water hammer.

For the last several years, climatic changes have led to the increase of natural disaster attributed to climatic abnormality, for instance, sweltering heat, heavy snow, or heavy rain. Particularly, localized guerrilla heavy rain mostly occurring in summer often results in flood damage. Such damage may lead to fatal damage to the safety of underground structures having the water level as the load. Accordingly, this study is going to introduce the cases of safety analysis grounded on numerical analysis in order to understand the structural behavior of riverbed tunnels according to water level fluctuations.

Recently, the frequency of natural disasters in Korea is increasing due to the influence of global climate change, and the importance of quick and accurate monitoring and corresponding response is frequently and strongly stressed in terms of disaster management. In this regard, this study describes a development of realtime safety evaluation system (RSEE) which enables to carryout real-time measurement and safety evaluation of some important SOC water infrastructures (dams, weirs, cut slopes, retaining walls, levees and bridges) installed along the nation registered large scale rivers.

The Integrated Water Infrastructures Safety Management Platform(WINS+) provides safety information of water infrastructures such as dams, weirs, bridges, cut slopes, retaining walls and levees designated as the first class infrastructures to be maintained according to the nations’s safety law. The WINS+ is incorporated with a computerized Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) system that provides crisis warning level (green/blue/yellow/orange/red) to central and individual disaster response managers of waterside structures. Thus it is expected that by using the WINS+ we may strengthen disaster responsiveness and reduce the time for recovery and response at emergency.

해양사고 원인의 대부분을 차지하고 있는 인적오류에 의한 운항과실에는 관련 지식의 결여, 잘못 이해하고 있는 지식, 적용절차의 미숙 등을 들 수 있다. 최근 해양경찰 경비함정에 장착되고 있는 추진기 형태를 살펴보면, 해상치안 수요에 따라 다양화 되고 있는 추세이다. 특히, 소형 경비정에 주로 장착되었던 워터제트 추진기가 중대형 경비함으로 점차 확대되어 전체 함정의 50%에 이르고 있으며, 축 형식은 2 에서 4축, 버켓 유형도 전후진과 조향 제어방식이 전혀 다른 '이중역전버켓'과 '단일역전버켓' 방식으로 구분된다. 이러한 운항체계의 다양화 는 운항자의 인적과실 요인을 증가시킬 수 있다. 그러나 워터제트 유형별 고유의 특성에 알맞은 조종법의 연구는 부족한 편이다. 이 논문에서 는 워터제트 유형별 후진성능을 기반으로 외력의 도움 없이 해양경찰 전용부두의 요건에 적합한 횡이동 방법을 분석하였다. 이어서, 선박조종 시뮬레이터를 활용하여 실험하고, 실험이 곤란한 워터제트 방식 함정은 함정장들의 인터뷰를 통하여 비교․검증하였다. 이를 기반으로 워터 제트 운항 지식의 올바른 습득과 기술적 측면의 인적오류를 최소화하여 해상치안활동에 기반인 함정의 안전운항에 기여하고자 한다.

Background : Recently, many studies to seek for medicinal herb compounds from natural products have been attempted capable of being free from harmful side effects and reducing the economic burden. This study was conducted to investigate whether Morus alba L.(MAL) water extracts has a biological safety, and an inhibitory potential against the mutagenicity induced by cigarette smoke condensates(CSC). Methods and Results : MAL was extracted with 70% ethanol and the yield of the extract was 35.1%. The 70% ethanol MAL extract was fractionated sequentially by diethylether, chloroform, dichloromethane, and water, respectively. Crude MAL 70% ethanol extract itself and its solvent fractions did not show any mutagenic effect up to 1 mg/plate toward Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 with or without the microsomal S-9 mixture of liver metabolic activations. On the other hand, the crude MAL extract showed an inhibitory activity against the mutagenicity of CSC with S-9 mixture. Diethyl ether layer among five solvent fractions showed the highest inhibitory activity at the same dose. The inhibitory activity of diethyl ether layer was also increased dose-dependently and the inhibitory rate was about 97.1% at the concentration of 1 mg/plate. Conclusion : In this study, we concluded that all of the crude MAL 70% ethanol extract and its solvent layers are potentially safe for mutagenicity and the diethyl ether layer among the crude MAL 70% ethanol extract has an inhibitory effect against the mutagenicity of CSC.

Recently, it was found that the Vulnerability Index(VI) of Preliminary assessment for water pipelines seismic performance in domestic had lacks of correlation of detailed safety assessment. The purpose of this study is to propose a reasonable VI by analysing on correlation between existing VI and safety factor.

A state-of-the-art safety management system of water infrastructures based on ICT Technology is now under development by incorporating 1) real-time safety evaluation system, 2) disaster risk management support system based on GIS, and 3) decision-making support system for damage restoration equipped with multi sensor information acquisition system such as UAV and CCTV. This study includes development of practical natural disaster scenarios for flooding, typhoon and earthquake events based on recorded data, and standardization of disaster management platform.

최근 기후변화로 인해 자연재해의 발생빈도와 그 피해규모가 증가되는 경향을 보이고 있다. 4대강 본류의 재해대응력은 어느 정도 확보하였으나, 지류하천 등은 아직도 취약한 실정이므로 효율적 물관리 대응을 위해서는 유역 상·하류 지자체간 긴밀한 협력관계가 유지되어야 함에도 행정구역 단위로 분할하여 관리함으로써 물관련 지자체간 분쟁 및 사각지대가 발생하고 있다. 또한 물 재해로부터 안전한 생활여건에 대한 요구는 점점 증가하고 있으나, 법·체계 및 관리주체의 다양화, 지역단위 관리체계로 물관리의 효율성이 저하되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 안심국토 실현을 위하여 중권역단위 통합 물관리 방안을 제시하였으며, 이를 통해 기존 대권역단위 이상의 국가 계획과 지자체단위 계획 간의 간극을 보완하고 수계에 대한 고려가 부족한 지자체단위 계획의 한계를 극복할 수 있도록 하였으며, 중권역단위의 조사·평가·계획수립이 추진될 수 있도록 제안하였다. 금회 연구는 중권역별 취약성 평가, 우선검토 대상권역 선정, 시범사업 대상권역 선정 및 개선방안 수립 과정으로 수행하였다. 물복지의 부문을 홍수, 가뭄, 건천화, 수질 등 4개 부문으로 구분하여 부문별 취약성 평가 및 통합평가를 실시하였으며, 평가결과 취약성이 높은 20개 중권역을 우선검토 대상권역으로 선정하였다. 우선검토 대상권역에 대한 추가조사를 통하여 남강댐, 형산강, 와탄천중권역을 시범사업 대상권역으로 선정하고 시범사업을 통한 테스트 베드(test bed) 역할을 수행할 수 있도록 하였다. 선정된 3개 중권역에 대하여 국내·외 선진 사례 조사, 재해 통합 GIS DB 구축을 통하여 중권역별 취약요인을 해소하기 위한 구조적·비구조적 개선방안을 수립하였다. 이와 함께 금회 연구가 단순 계획 수립에 그치지 않고 실제 시행으로 이어질 수 있도록 법·제도적 제약요인을 검토하고 권역별 물재해 취약지역 개선사업 도입 및 시행을 위한 개선방안을 제시하였다.

전국적으로 도로망이 확충되고 소득증대와 함께 주5일 근무제가 실시되면서 수상레저에 대한 국민의 관심이 증대되고 수상레저스포츠의 활동인구가 증가하는 추세에 있다. 그러나 수상레저활동과 관련된 사고도 증가하고 있어 이를 어떻게 예방할 것인가 하는 것에 대해서 많은 논의가 되고 있다. 그 일환으로 1999년에 수상레저안전법이 제정되었고, 2005년에는 전면 개정이 이루어졌다. 이에 따라 수상레저안전의 발전적인 방향을 모색하기 위해서는 수상레저인구를 대상으로 수상레저활동의 현황을 파악하고 수상레저안전법에 관련한 의식실태를 파악할 필요성이 있다. 이를 위해 수상레저활동자를 대상으로 개정된 수상레저안전법의 규제를 중심으로 설문분석을 실시하여 빈도분석과 교차분석 등을 통해 상호변수간의 연관정도와 상관관계 등을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 수상레저활동자들 중 60% 이상이 등록, 안전교육, 보험, 안전검사에 대해 각각 필요하다고 인지하고 있으며, 공통적으로 기구의 안전성에 대한 불만과 보험의 필요성에 대한 인지도가 높을수록 법적규제가 필요하다고 생각하는 경향이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.