With the history of more than 2,200 years, Yibin is one of the national historical and cultural cities named by The State Council of China. As an important alcohol production base, Yibin city has a long history of alcohol brewing. Its brewing industry products are not only well-known in China, but also sold to various countries around the world. Yibin is currently responding to China's 14th Five-Year Plan, promoting urban construction with cultural construction and developing the alcohol industry ,and trying to build an ecological new area in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River to become an “economic sub-center” in Sichuan province. The construction of Yibin city and the development of alcohol industry are intertwined together, and the development process of alcohol industry has an important influence on the urban construction of Yibin, especially in the cultural city construction. In this study, we used literature analysis to investigate the influence of alcohol industry to the construction of Yibin cultural city. Based on the degree of correlation between development elements of Yibin cultural city and alcohol industry, we believe that the alcohol industry mainly has changed the appearance and layout of the cultural landscape, and influenced the urban surrounding construction and distribution structure. What’s more, alcohol industry has enriched the life of Yibin people, and made the urban culture more colorful. Last but not least, the alcohol industry also has provided Yibin with unique tourism cultural resources, which promotes the development of Yibin’s tourism culture.

Low alcohol (6%) wines were manufactured using Campbell Early. To develop the sterilization process of low alcohol wines, red wines were heat sterilized, and rose wines were nonthermal sterilized by concentration using potassium metasulfite and potassium sorbate. Samples were stored at 25℃ and quality characteristics were investigated by period. Results of this study revealed the pH of the samples after sterilization ranged from 3.15 to 3.19, and the total acidity of wines ranged from 0.011 to 0.024%. The free SO2 contents of wines ranged from 13.00 to 29.678 mg/L, and the total SO2 contents of wines ranged from 47.50 to 121.00 mg/L. L (lightness) of wines decreased whereas a (redness) and b(yellowness) increased. The hue value of wines ranged from 0.52 to 1.03, and decreased significantly(not including rose sweet wines). The color intensity of red and rose dry wines after sterilization increased, whereas red and rose sweet wines decreased. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of red wines and rose wines ranged between 75.50 to 89.23%, and 36.60 to 56.54%, respectively. The total polyphenol contents were 57.51~182.63 mg%. Results of this study provide scientific information to establish the sterilization process of low alcohol wines.

Purpose: This study to provide the basic data necessary for developing support policies and intervention programs through an in-depth and integrated exploration of the experiences in the of recovery and social adaptation through therapeutic community of male homeless alcohol dependents. Methods: Data were collected from two participants through an in-depth interviews and were analyzed the life history research suggested by Mandelbaum (1973). This analysis was conducted the perspectives of the life domain, turning point, and adaptation, which are three structured analysis frameworks, beyond the continuity of chronological life history. Results: The results were the dimensions of life that led to alcoholism, turning point where life changed, and adaptation to live for self-realization with new life values while maintaining sobriety. Its content includes the adaptation process. Conclusion: Follow-up studies and activities for an integrated support policy and intervention program should be conducted by reflecting on the problems and intervention strategies raised above.

The synthesis of porous W by freeze-casting and vacuum drying is investigated. Ball-milled WO3 powders and tert-butyl alcohol were used as the starting materials. The tert-butyl alcohol slurry is frozen at –25oC and dried under vacuum at –25 and –10oC. The dried bodies are hydrogen-reduced at 800oC and sintered at 1000oC. The XRD analysis shows that WO3 is completely reduced to W without any reaction phases. SEM observations reveal that the struts and pores aligned in the tert-butyl alcohol growth direction, and the change in the powder content and drying temperature affects the pore structure. Furthermore, the struts of the porous body fabricated under vacuum are thinner than those fabricated under atmospheric pressure. This behavior is explained by the growth mechanism of tert-butyl alcohol and rearrangement of the powders during solidification. These results suggest that the pore structure of a porous body can be controlled by the powder content, drying temperature, and pressure.

본 연구에서는 유화안정제 중 하나인 cetyl alcohol 함량에 따른 천연 염모제 헤나의 유화 안정성을 분석하고 가장 안정한 유화를 나타내는 cetyl alcohol 함량을 확인하였다. 유화 안정성을 분석하기 위해 cetyl alcohol의 함량에 따른 입자 크기, 입자 형태, 점도 및 염색 후 색상의 차이를 비교하였다. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) zeta 분석 결과, cetyl alcohol 3 %가 zeta potential 값이 115.9 mV로 가장 높은 값을 보였으며, 입자크기분포는 cetyl alcohol의 함량이 3 %인 크림 제형 염모제가 증류수에 분산된 헤나와 비교해 입도분포의 폭이 좁았다. 점도계 분석 결과 cetyl alcohol의 함량이 증가할수록 점도가 증가하였고, 크림 제형의 헤나 pH 측정 결과 두피에 적합한 pH 범위로 측정되었다. 또한 헤나 크림 제형 염모제에서는 cetyl alcohol의 함량이 증가할수록 유화 안정성이 증가하였다.

The effects of drying temperature on the microstructure of porous W fabricated by the freeze-casting process of tert-butyl alcohol slurry with WO3 powder was investigated. Green bodies were hydrogen-reduced at 800oC for 1 h and sintered at 1000oC for 6 h. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that WO3 powders were completely converted to W without any reaction phases by hydrogen reduction. The sintered body showed pores aligned in the direction of tertbutyl alcohol growth, and the porosity and pore size decreased as the amount of WO3 increased from 5 to 10v ol%. As the drying temperature of the frozen body increased from -25oC to -10oC, the pore size and thickness of the struts increased. The change in microstructural characteristics based on the amount of powder added and the drying temperature was explained by the growth behavior of the freezing agent and the degree of rearrangement of the solid powder during the solidification of the slurry.

The effect of tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) as a freezing solvent on the pore structure of a porous tungsten body prepared by freeze-drying is analyzed. TBA slurries with a WO3 content of 10 vol% are prepared by mixing with a small amount of dispersant and binder at 30oC. The slurries are frozen at -25oC, and pores are formed in the frozen specimens by the sublimation of TBA during drying in air. After hydrogen reduction at 800oC and sintering at 1000oC, the green body of WO3 is completely converted to porous W with various pore structures. Directional pores from the center of the specimen to the outside are observed in the sintered bodies because of the columnar growth of TBA. A decrease in pore directionality and porosity is observed in the specimens prepared by long-duration drying and sintering. The change in pore structure is explained by the growth of the freezing solvent and densification.

자동차 음주운전의 경우에는 그 위험성에 대한 사회일반의 경각심이 고조되고 있으며, 이에 따라 점차 감소하는 추세를 보이고 있다. 이에 반하여 선박의 음주운항은 선상의 음주에 관대한 오랜 관습, 음주여부 확인의 현실적인 어려움 등에 따라 줄어들지 않고 있는 상황이다. 2019년 러시아 선적 화물선 시그랜드호가 음주운항 중 광안대교와 충돌하는 사건을 비롯하여 국내에서 선박 등의 음주운항을 한 사실의 적발 및 음주 운항으로 인한 해상사고가 지속적으로 발생하고 있다. 위 사건 등의 영향으로 ｢해사안전법｣이 개정되기도 하였으나, 동법 외에도 다수의 법령에 단속 근거, 음주운항 판단기준 및 처벌기준이 분산 되어 있다는 문제점을 지적할 만하다. 나아가 단속절차에 관해서도 ｢해사안전법｣, ｢경찰관직무집행법｣ 외에도 ｢해양경비법｣ 등이 적용된다 하 겠으나 제정목적 상의 일부 차이가 있으며, 단속절차에 관하여 규율이 미진한 부분이 존재하는 등의 한계가 있다. 이에 관해서는 단속 상대방의 권익보호를 위해서 절차보장이 필요하다고 본다. 나아가 철도･항공과 같은 출발 전 사전음주여부 등에 관한 측정하도록 하는 제도의 도입될 필요성이 있고, 음주사실 확인시 선박의 예인 또는 긴급시 해양경찰청 경찰공무원에 의한 대리운항 등을 허용하여야 할 것으로 생각된다. 이와 같은 사후조치 과정에서의 사고 등으로 인하여 해양경찰공무원 등이 개인적인 손해배상 책임을 면할 수 있는 특례규정을 두는 방안 등도 검토하여야 할 것으로 생각한다.

The structural transformationss of oriented poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fibers impregnated with potassium bisulfate (PBS) were studied in detail on the way from PVA precursor fibers till carbonized at a temperature of 1000 °C fibers. It has been shown that the impregnation of PVA fibers with a sulfur-containing compound (PBS) is an efficient technique to decrease the thermoplasticity of PVA fibers during heat treatment at high temperatures in air and argon and contributes to a high yield of coke residue after heat treatment up to 1000 °C. TMA, TGA, DSC, mass spectrometry, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, WAXS and SAXS were used to study the structural transformations of oriented PVA fibers impregnated with PBS at the stages of their preliminary thermal stabilization (215 °C), thermal stabilization (215–400 °C) and carbonization (400–1000 °C). A reaction scheme has been proposed that fully describes carbonization chemistry in the entire studied temperature range. The processing temperature of 215 °C was found to be optimal for preliminary thermal stabilization of PVA fibers impregnated with PBS. The heat treatment in an inert medium can be recommended as the optimal for thermal stabilization of fibers impregnated with PBS. The characteristics of the carbonized PVA fibers, such as strength, modulus and electrical conductivity, were close to the characteristics of commercial cellulose-based carbon fibers yarns.

n-Nonane, 1¸2¸4-trimethylbenzene (124-TMB), toluene, total xylene (TXYL), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and methyl ethyl alcohol (MEK) are major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from printing industries. The absorption amount of a single VOC per unit weight of silicone oil was as follows in the order of 189.5 g/kg-silicone oil for n-nonane, 91.7 g/kg-silicone oil for 124-TMB, and 60.1 g/kg-silicone oil for TXYL. Although hydrophobic VOCs were more absorbed in silicone oil than hydrophilic VOCs such as IPA and MEK, IPA and MEK, which had log Kow values of 1 or less, also were absorbed more than 26.0 g/kg-silicone oil. In two and three mixed VOCs of n-nonane, 124-TMB, and toluene, the absorption amount of each in silicon oil was less than that of single a VOC. The total absorption amount of two mixed VOCs ranged from 47.9 g to 138.7 g/kg-silicone oil, and the total absorption amount of three mixed VOCs was 65.8 g/kg-silicone oil. These results suggest that silicone oil is a promising pretreatment solution capable of absorbing high concentrations of VOCs that are intermittently emitted from printing industries. The absorption information of VOCs obtained in this study can be used as the design parameters of a damping device for the pretreatment of VOCs.