본 연구는 국내산 왕벚나무 수피를 건강기능식품 소재 로서 활용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 용매별 추출물에 대 한 특성 분석과 항산화 활성을 평가하였다. 용매별 소재 의 아미노산과 지방산 분석을 통하여 성분함량 및 조성 차이를 확인하였고, 항산화 활성 비교를 위해 총 폴리페 놀 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량, DPPH 라디칼 소거능, ABTS 라디칼 소거능, FRAP 활성을 측정 및 비교 후 상 관관계를 분석하였다. 아미노산 분석 결과, 열수 추출물, 30% 에탄올 추출물, 70% 에탄올 추출물에서 13종의 아미 노산이 검출되었고, 주요 아미노산으로 aspartic acid, arginine, proline으로 분석되었으며, 총 아미노산 함량은 각 각 0.17%, 0.16%, 0.09%로 확인되었다. 지방산 분석 결과, 포화지방산(SFA)이 열수 추출물, 30% 에탄올 추출물, 70% 에탄올 추출물에서 62.7-66.7%로 높은 조성비를 보였고, 확인된 지방산은 열수 추출물에서 behenic acid (C22:0)을 제외한 13종의 지방산이 검출되었으며, 30% 에탄올 추출 물과 70% 에탄올 추출물에서 14종 지방산이 검출되었다. 주요 지방산은 열수 추출물, 30% 에탄올 추출물, 70% 에 탄올 추출물에서 palmitic acid (C16:0)로 확인되었고, 총 지방산 함량은 각각 0.66 mg/g, 2.46 mg/g, 10.04 mg/g으 로 70% 에탄올 추출물에서 가장 높았다. 총 플라보노이 드와 총 폴리페놀 함량은 열수 추출물, 30% 에탄올 추출 물, 70% 에탄올 추출물에서 각각 727.70-769.87 mg QE/ g, 309.24-348.09 mg GAE/g이었다. 항산화 활성 측정 결 과 열수 추출물, 30% 에탄올 추출물, 70% 에탄올 추출물 에서 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 0.05-1 mg/mL 농도에서 각 각 14.42-81.77%, 16.85-83.38%, 19.33-81.12%의 결과를 보였고, ABTS 라디칼 소거능은 0.05-1 mg/mL 농도에서 각각 6.32-89.55%, 16.14-70.61%, 8.99-92.08%의 결과를 보 였으며, FARP 활성은 0.05-0.5 mg/mL 농도에서 각각 0.32- 2.91, 0.07-0.61, 0.39-3.43으로 나타나 농도 의존적으로 항 산화 효과를 증가시키는 것을 확인하였다. 용매별 추출물의 총 플라보노이드 함량, 총 폴리페놀 함량과 항산화 활 성 간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 높은 양(+)의 상관성을 보였다(P<0.01). 본 연구결과를 통해 왕벚나무 수피 추출 물을 이용한 건강기능식품 소재 개발의 기초 자료로 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

한우에게 급여하는 사료 내 에너지원의 종류에 따라 반추위 미생물의 아미노산 조성에 차이가 있는지를 조사하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 국내 한우 비육우 사육에 주로 이용되는 에너지원 사료인 옥수수(T1), 생미강(T2), 소맥(T3) 그리고 소맥피(T4)로 반추위 환경과 유사한 연속식 배양기를 이용하여 72시간까지 배양을 진행하였다. 배양이 진행되는 동안 6시간 간격으로 배양액의 발효 성상을 확인하였으며 pH, NH3-N이 일정하게 유지되는 것을 확인하였으며, 배양 종료 시점인 72시간대에 미생물체 단백질 합성량(MPS), 미생물의 아미노산 조성 및 미생물 균총 변화를 분석하였다. 배양액의 pH는 모든 처리구에서 배양 기간동안 5.5~7.0을 유지하였다. Total VFA 농도는 T1이 23.13 mM으로 가장 낮았고, T4가 29.93 mM으로 가장 높았다(p<0.05). A (acetate) :P (propionate) 비율은 T1이 1.48로 가장 낮았으며, T4가 2.81로 가장 높게 나타났다 (p<0.05). Butyrate는 T1이 2.37 mM으로 가장 낮았으며, T2, T3 그리고 T4는 4.37~4.58 mM으로 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). MPS는 T2 (332.5 mg/L)와 T3 (320.2 mg/L)가 높았고 T1 (137.5 mg/L)와 T4 (154.2 mg/L)로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). DGGE band 분석결과 모든 처리구는 57.5 % 이하의 유사도가 나타났다. 미생물의 총 아미노산 함량은 T1 (31.59 %)과 T3 (31.33 %)가 가장 높았으며, T2 (20.09 %)가 가장 낮았다 (p<0.05). 이는 급여된 사료 내 총 아미노산 함량과 반대되는 결과로 나타났다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 한우 급여 에너지원 사료에 따른 반추위 내 미생물 발효 특성과 미생물체 단백질 합성량이 미생물 군집에 영향을 미치며 이에 따라 미생물의 총 아미노산 함량에 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인하였다.

In this study, we aimed to compare the mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus after medium supplementation with various amino acids at different concentrations to select the optimal medium nutrient composition for mycelial growth. The mycelial growth of P. ostreatus was investigated after adding four amino acids (tryptophan, threonine, methionine, and lysine) at 0.5% or 1% to the medium.The rate of P. ostreatus mycelial growthwas faster in the potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium supplemented with threonine at 0.5% or 1% than that of the control, whereas it was inhibited by tryptophan treatment. Supplementation of sawdust mediumwith all amino acids, except tryptophan, at 0.5% did not alter the mycelial growth, compared to the controls. However, addition of any amino acid to sawdust medium at a higher concentration (1%) inhibited the mycelial growth. The laccase acitivity of P. ostreatus mycelium cultured in PDA medium was the highest when threonine was added, and the lowest when tryptophane was added, consistent with the results of the mycelial growth. Therefore, the addition of threonine, methionine, or lysine to PDA medium at a concentration of 0.5-1%was effective for increasing the mycelial growth of P. ostreatus; however, it inhibited mycelial growth insawdust medium, suggesting that the effects of amino acids dependedon the medium nutrient composition.

반추위 미생물체 단백질의 아미노산 조성이 한우의 에 너지원 사료에 따라 차이가 있는지를 조사하고자 본 연구 가 수행되었다. 본 실험은 국내 한우 비육우 사육에 주로 이용되는 에너지원 사료인 옥수수(T1), 생미강(T2), 소맥 (T3), 소맥피(T4)를 이용하여 in vitro 반추위 발효실험을 진행하여 발효 24시간 후 배양액의 발효 성상, 미생물체 단백질 합성량(MPS), 미생물의 아미노산 조성 및 미생물 균총 변화를 분석하였다. 배양액의 pH는 T4가 6.02로 다 른 처리구들에 비해서 가장 높았으며, T1은 4.84로 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). Total VFA 농도는 T2가 96.80mM로 다른 처리구들에 비해서 가장 높았고, T1이 53.35mM로 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 미생물체 단백질 합성량은 T3가 222.50g/L로 다른 처리구들에 비해서 높았으며(p<0.05), T1과 T4는 유의적인 차이는 없었지만 T1이 가장 낮았다. DGGE band 분석결과 모든 처리구는 57.5% 이하의 유사도를 나타내었으며, 급여되는 사료에 따라서 미생물 군집 이 다르게 나타났다. 미생물 내 총 아미노산 함량은 T3와 T4가 다른 처리구보다 높았다(p<0.05). 미생물의 아미노산 조성 중 대부분의 필수 아미노산은 T4가 다른 처리구들에 비해서 낮았다. 하지만 methionine은 다른 필수 아미노산 과 다르게 T4에서 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 곡류 사료 위주의 급여 시 결핍되기 쉬운 lysine은 모든 처리구에서 미생물 의 아미노산 조성이 8.05~8.98%의 범위에 있었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 반추 가축 급여 에너지 사료원에 따른 반추 위 내 미생물 발효특성과 미생물 군집의 차이가 미생물의 아미노산 조성을 변화시킨다는 것을 확인하였다.

Alpha-linolenic acid is an important polyunsaturated fatty acid that exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of alpha-linolenic acid on the cell proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells under essential amino acid-deficient conditions. Different concentrations of alpha-linolenic acid and essential amino acids were added to the growth and differentiation media. The concentrations of 10 μM of alphalinolenic acid and 2% essential amino acid were chosen for subsequent experiments. Supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid and essential amino acids improved the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells and significantly increased the mRNA levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, B-cell lymphoma-2, and beclin-1 as well as the protein levels of PPARγ coactivator-1α compared to those in the controls. Moreover, supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid and essential amino acids reduced the levels of phosphorylated H2A.X variant histone, Bcl-2-associated X, p53, and light chain 3 during C2C12 cell proliferation, and increased the expression levels of myogenic factors 4 (myogenin) and 5 during C2C12 cell differentiation. Overall, we determined that alpha-linolenic acid and essential amino acids maintained the cell proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells via their anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-autophagic effects.

The objective of this study was to develop a simultaneous method for 8 amino acids including alanine, arginine, glutathione, lysine, ornithine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan in veterinary products using LC-MS/MS. To optimize MS analytical condition of 8 amino acids, each parameter was established by multiple reaction monitoring in positive mode. The chromatogram separation was achieved on a C18 column with mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in D.W. and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile for green technology at a flow rate of 0.4mL/min for 5 min with gradient elution. The developed method was validated for mass accuracy, precision, linearity in veterinary products. Calibration curves were linear over the calibration ranges (0.5 – 10 mg/L) for all the analytes r2>0.99. Average recoveries were 92.96 – 105.61% and relative standard deviations (RSD) were 0.27 – 3.5%. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.04 – 0.83 mg/L and 0.12 – 2.52 mg/L, respectively. All values were corresponded with the criteria ranges requested by CD 2002/657/EC. The application of this method will be helpful in quality control analysis of amino acids in veterinary products.

흰점박이 꽃무지 유충은 식품원료로서 영양적 가치가 우수하지만 소비자의 기호도 개선을 위해 가공공정기술의 적용을 검토할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 흰점박이 꽃무지 유충을 다양한 추출 공정(온수, 열수, 초음파, 고압 추출)으로 처리하여 추출물을 제조하였고 유리아미 노산 함량과 지방산 조성의 변화를 관찰하였다. 유리아미 노산 함량 및 조성은 모든 추출물에서 향상되었다. 특히 고압추출물에서 유리아미노산 총량과 필수아미노산 분포 비율이 각각 2.9, 4.6배 증가하여 고압 처리가 흰점박이 꽃무지 유충의 유리아미노산 함량 증가 및 조성 개선에 가장 큰 효과가 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 한편 지방산 조성은 초음파 추출물과 고압 추출물에서 개선되었다. 원료에 비해 포화지방산 비율은 감소하고 불포화지방산 비율이 증가하여 기존의 주요 단백질급원인 육류에 비해 불포화지방산 섭취 측면에서 유리할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 흰점박이 꽃무지 유충은 초음파 추출과 고압 추출에 의해 유리아미노산과 지방산의 품질 특성이 개선될 수 있으므로 해당 추출물은 식약용 소재로서의 활용 가능성이 매우 높을 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 추후 초음파 추출과 고압 추출 공정의 최적화 연구가 이루어진다면 흰점박이 꽃무지 유충의 활용가치는 더욱 높아질 것으로 예상된다.

반추동물의 급여 단백질 효율성은 반추위 내 미생물 발효에 따른 우회단백질, 미생물체단백질, 사료 및 미생물체의 아미노산 구성 등에 의해 결정된다. 실험 1은 주요 단백질 사료원료 중 국내 한우 사육에 주로 이용되는 사료원료 15종[옥수수(남미), 옥수수(우크라이나), 단백피(국내), 단백피(중국1), 단백피(중국2), 대두박(국내), 대두박(미국), 대두박(브라질), DDGS(미국), 팜박(인도네시아), 채종박(캐나다), 루핀(미국), 미강(국 내), 주정박(국내), 타피오카(인도네시아)]의 반추위 내 단백질과 아미노산의 우회 수준을 측정하였다. 캐뉼라 장착 한우 암소를 이용하여 in situ 실험을 진행하였다. 우회 단백질 함량은 타피오카(인도네시아)에서 59.98%로 가장 높았다. 타피오카(인도네시아)는 총 우회 아미노산 함량이 73.73% 로 가장 높았으며, glutamic acid (Glu)와 alanine (Ala)이 72.17%, 75.23%로 가장 높았다. 실험 2에서는 실험 1과 같은 원료를 사용해 반추위 내 미생물 발효 특성에 따른 미생물체 아미노산 조성분석을 실시하였다. 실험 결과 채종박(캐나다)의 pH는 6.99 (p<0.05), 미생물 단백질 합성량은 326.53mg/100mL (p<0.05), NH3-N의 농도는 단백피(중국 1)가 48.20mg/100mL (p<0.05)로 높았다. 옥수수(우크라이나)의 총 VFA 농도는 97.92mM (p<0.05)이었다. 미생물의 총 아미노산 함량은 대두박(미국) 52.07%로 높았으며 아미노산 조성은 모든 시험 사료에서 Glu가 높았다. 따라서, 본 연구는 한우의 급여 단백질 사료원에 대한 반추위 내 우회단백질, 우회아미노산함량과 반추위 내 미생물 아미노산 조성에 대한 연구를 실시하였으며, 향후 한우 단백질 급여사료원에 대한 대사단백질(MP) 공급체계의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Lac 색소의 열수와 메탄올 추출물의 일부 유리아미노산과 그 유도체의 조성 및 함량, phenolic acid와 flavonoid의 조성 및 함량을 분석하고, 일부 피부미용 화장품 생리활성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 유리아미노산은 열수와 메탄올 추출물에서 각각 검출되지 않았으며, 단백질 비구성 아미노산 유도체는 열수 추출물에서 2종, 메탄올 추출물에서는 3종이 검출되었다. Phenolic acid와 flavonoids의 조성 및 함량분석에서, phenolic acid의 경우 열수 추출물에서 2종, 메탄올 추출물에서 5종이 검출되었다. 또한 flavonoids의 경우 열수 추출물에서는 검출되지 않았으나, 메탄올 추출물에서는 rutin과 taxifolin이 약간 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. DPPH radical 소거 활성은 메탄올 추출물이 40.43 ± 0.21%로 열수 추출물에서보다 약간 높게 나타났고, Tyrosinase 저해 활성은 메탄올 추출물이 열수 추출물에서 보다 약 2배 정도 높은 것으로 나타났다. HaCaT 세포주에 대한 세포독성은 모든 처리 농도에서 나타나지 않았으며, 처리 농도가 증가함에 따라 세포 생장이 증가하는 경향이었다.

The aim of this study was to develop a chemically defined extender for dog sperm cryopreservation by supplementation of essential and non-essential amino acids solution in EY-free PVA extender. Spermatozoa collected from mature dogs (1 ｘ 108 cell/ml) were frozen with EY-free extender supplemented with 0 (control), 1, 2, 4 % essential amino acids (EAAs) or 1, 2, 4 % non-essential amino acids (NEAAs). Sperm progressive motility, viability and acrosome integrity were evaluated immediately after thawing at 37 ℃ for 25 s and post-thaw incubation at room temperature for 20 min. In addition, to evaluate the synergistic effect of EAAs and NEAAs, spermatozoa were frozen with 0, 0.5, 1 or 2 % EAAs-NEAAs mixture (v:v). Sperm progressive motility, viability and acrosome integrity were evaluated immediately after thawing and post-thaw incubation. Additionally, spermatozoa were frozen using EY-free PVA extender supplemented with 2 % EAAs, 2 % NEAAs or 0.5 % EAAs-NEAAs mixture. The ROS level and phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation (Annexin V-FITC assay) were assessed using flow cytometry. In addition, gene expression level for SMCP (motility-related), apoptosis-related BCL2 and BAX was measured after freezing-thawing. The progressive motility of spermatozoa cryopreserved in EAAs or NEAAs significantly increased (P < 0.05) in all groups compared to the control group regardless of thawing conditions. In addition, 1 % NEAAs significantly protected the acrosome membrane of spermatozoa after freezing-thawing (P < 0.05). However, EAAs has shown no significant effect on viability and acrosome membrane integrity of spermatozoa. On the other hand, addition of EAAs-NEAAs mixture to EY-free PVA extender significantly (P < 0.05) increased sperm progressive motility without any effect on viability. Supplementation of 0.5 % EAAs-NEAAs mixture significantly (P < 0.05) increased the expression level of SMCP, BCL2 and BAX compared to control without significant effect on PS translocation and ROS level. We conclude that essential and non-essential amino acids solution can be effectively used in EY-free extender to improve sperm motility, acrosome integrity and gene expression of SMCP and BCL2 in dog sperm cryopreservation.

The objectives of this study was to evaluate the degradability and digestibility of crude protein (CP), rumen undegradable protein (RUP), and individual amino acids (AA) on six by-product feedstuffs (BPF) (rice bran, RB; wheat bran, WB; corn gluten feed, CGF; tofu residue, TR; spent mushroom substrate from Pleurotus ostreatus, SMSP; brewers grain, BG) as ruminants feed. Three Hanwoo steers (40 months old, 520 ± 20.20 kg of body weight) fitted with a permanent rumen cannula and T-shaped duodenal cannula were used to examine of the BPF using in situ nylon bag and mobile bag technique. The bran CGF (19.2%) and food-processing residue BG (19.7%) had the highest CP contents than other feeds. The RUP value of bran RB (39.7%) and food-processing residues SMSP (81.1%) were higher than other feeds. The intestinal digestion of CP was higher in bran RB (44.2%) and food-processing residues BG (40.5%) than other feeds. In addition, intestinal digestion of Met was higher in bran RB (55.7%) and food-processing residues BG (44.0%) than other feeds. Overall, these results suggest that RB and BG might be useful as main raw ingredients in feed for ruminants. Our results can be used as baseline data for ruminant ration formulation.

The objective of this study was to determine the changes in content of polyphenolics, flavonoids, amino acids, especially γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and the antioxidant activities in the methanol extracts of four different pigmented rice seeds (white, black, red, and green color) at different germination stages, dry seeds (DS), imbibed seeds (IS), and germinated seeds for 1 (GS1), 2 (GS2) and 3 days (GS3). Total phenolics content at 1000 mg/kg extract was highest in black rice, ranging from 208.3 to 257.3 mg/kg, and followed by red rice 144.7 to 185.7 mg/kg, brown rice 151.3 to 194.2 mg/kg and green rice 125.7 to 160.7 mg/kg (lowest). Total flavonoid level had same tendency to total phenolics among colored rices with significant differences, showing highest amounts (45.2 to 56.8 mg/kg) in black rice and lowest (18.8 to 23.0 mg/kg) in green rice. Total phenolics and total flavonoids levels in black and brown seeds were highest when soaked, and in red rice when nonsoaked, and in green rice when germinated for 1 day. These results showed that content of physiologically- active substances were differ depending on seed coat color, soaking or germinating degree. Content in total amino acids during germination was ranged from 136.5 to 232.0 mg/kg in green rice (highest), and 98.9 to 176.0 mg/kg in red rice (lowest). Total content of amino acids and GABA level in all seed colors were high in order of GS3 > GS1 > IS > DS. The antioxidant activity of the methanol extracts from all the seed colors concentration-dependently increased. DPPH free radical scavenging activity at 2,000 mg/kg was highest in black rice by 83.0 to 87.7%, and lowest in green rice by 44.3 to 65.7%.

This study was conducted to investigate the proximate composition, free sugars, amino acids, and minerals in five Lentinula edodes cultivars collected in Korea. No significant differences in the content of crude fat and crude fiber were found between the samples; however, there was significant variation in the contents of nitrogen free extract, ash, and crude protein. Three kinds of free sugars (fucose, arabinose, and glucose) were identified by HPLC, with the glucose content ranging from 5.94% to 12.08%. Sixteen kinds of free amino acids were identified: the highest content of amino acids was found in ‘Sanlim5ho’ (13,768.33 mg%), while the highest content of free amino acids was found in ‘Sanlim4ho’ (6,790.57 mg%). The minerals detected in the L. edodes cultivars were potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium, the contents of which ranged from 567.16–2,356.09 mg%, 3.85–7.42 mg%, 9.79–20.88 mg%, and 19.60–22.62 mg%, respectively.

The objective of this experiment was to investigate amino acids and mineral compositions of the four major muscles (LD: longissimus dorsi, PM: psoas major, SM: semimembranosus, and GM: gluteus medius) from Korean native black goat (KNBG). Five uncastrated male KNBGs of 36 months of age were commercially slaughtered and the four muscles were sampled to determine concentrations of myoglobin, collagen, amino acids and minerals. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in myoglobin and collagen content among the four muscles. Myoglobin content of PM was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of SM and GM. Collagen content of SM was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of LD. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in cystine and leucine concentrations among the four muscles, and PM had the highest concentrations of the two amino acids compared to other muscles (p<0.05). Also, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in K, P, Mg and Fe contents among the four muscles from KNBG. PM had the highest mineral content while the lowest mineral content was observed in LD. In addition, Fe contents of PM and GM were higher than those of LD and SM (p<0.05). These results indicated that amino acids and mineral content vary considerably with the anatomical location of muscles of Korean native black goat.

The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of purified amino acid (PAA) isolated and purified from animal slaughter house blood on growth performance and immune response of weanling piglets. A total of fifteen, 28 days old, weaned pigs were randomly distributed into three treatment groups, 5 pens per treatment (one head per pen). Each experimental diet was provided to five piglets per group (T0, 0% PAA; T1, 0.1% PAA; T2, 0.5% PAA). The feed consumption was calculated daily and body weight on a weekly basis. The blood samples were analyzed for plasma concentration of biochemical parameters and cytokines using ELISA Kit assay. Pigs fed with the 0.5% PAA have greater average daily weight gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) as compared to those of T0 and T1. However, ADG and FE of T0 and T1 have no remarkable differences. The plasma cytokine levels were lower in T2 as compared to T0 and T1. The blood parameters like total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glutamate oxalate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were within the normal range in all the treatment groups. The study indicated that supplementation of 0.5% PAA have positive effect on the growth performance of the weanling pigs. Moreover, supplementation of the amino acid isolated and purified from animal slaughter house blood has no adverse effect on palatability of the feed and health of the animals.

To date, many researches have been done for maize QPM lines, there is little maize QPM varieties in Korea. In this reason, to develop maize QPM cultivars, investigation of the growth characteristics and amino acid composition among QPM inbred lines was carried out. For this study, QPM inbred lines were donated from CIMMYT. Analyses of growth characteristics changes for each line were investigated. The range of siliking days were ranged from 60 to 69 days. Silking days for 4 QPM lines such as CML140, CML141, CML152, and CML493 were 60 days among donated QMP lines, CML557 was 69 days. In plant height, CML492 was shortest(152 cm) while CML143 was the longest(295 cm). The ear height of CML492 was 66 cm and 175 cm for CML143. Protein content of each maize QPM grains was from 9.07% to 12.67%. CML556 have the highest proteins content, while CML493 was the lowest among maize QPM grains. Content of fat was from 3.38% to 5.25%, and CML141 was the lowest and CML147 was the highest. The content of ash ranged from 1.22% to 1.78%, CML555 was the least and CML142 was the highest. The content range of carbohydrate was from 71.7% to 75.5%, CML557 was the least and CML493 was the highest. The calories of each inbred line ranged from 346 to 365 Kcal, CML140 was the least and CML492 was the highest. Major amino acid composition in maize QPM grain is glutamic acid (16.34%), proline (9.80%). The mean of lysine composition was 3.64%, and CML140 showed the highest ratio of 4.34%.

Sparassis latifolia (formerly S. crispa) is used in food and nutraceuticals or dietary supplements, as rich in flavor compounds and β-glucan. Some previous studies have reported the effects of mushroom on brain function, including its neuroprotective effect. Thus, for this mushroom to be used as an effective nutraceutical for brain function, it would be desirable for it to contain other compounds such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in addition to β-glucan. In this study, the enhancement of growth and GABA production in the mycelium of medicinal and edible mushroom S. latifolia was investigated. Amino acids were added externally as the main source of nutrition, and the effects of amino acids were investigated using liquid medium, specifically amino acid-free potato dextrose broth (PDB). The amino acids added were L-glutamic acid (named PDBG medium) and L-ornithine (named PDBO medium). The growth of mycelia was determined to be 0.9 ± 0.00 g/L, 2.2 ± 0.16 g/L, and 1.93 ± 0.34 g/L PDBG respectively. The GABA content was 21.3 ± 0.9 mg/100 g in PDB medium, and it in PDBG 1.4% medium, at 115.4 ± 30.2 mg/100 g. However, the PDBO medium was not effective in increasing the GABA content of mycelia. Amino acids had little effect on the β-glucan content of mycelia. The β-glucan content was 39.7 ± 1.4 mg/100 mg, 34.4 ± 0.2 mg/100 mg, and 35.2 ± 9.2 mg/100 mg in PDB, PDBG 1.8% and PDBO 1.4% media, respectively. Addition of glutamic acid and ornithine positively affected the growth of S. latifolia mycelia, and glutamic acid positively affected GABA production; no degradation of GABA was observed with addition of glutamic acid.

국내외에서 수집한 표고 품종을 대상으로 영양성분 및 β-glucan 함량을 분석한 결과 수집한 표고의 유리당 함량 을 분석한 결과 총 4종의 유리당이 검출되었으며, 그 중 trehalose 함량은 시료별로 0.83 ~9%까지 큰 차이를 보였 다. 구성아미노산 함량을 분석한 결과 총 아미노산함량은 중국 톱밥배지 표고 JMI10050에서 17,672 mg%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 필수아미노산의 함량은 국내 원목재배 표고 JMI10059에서 6,211 mg% 가장 높게 나타났다. 유 리아미노산 함량을 분석한 결과, 총 16종의 아미노산이 검출되었으며, 주요 유리아미노산으로는 histidine, glutamic acid 및 arginine으로 나타났다. 필수 유리아미노산인 threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, histidine 및 lysine의 함량은 중국 톱밥배 지 표고 JMI10052에서 521.06 mg%로 가장 높게 나타 났다. 중국에서 수집한 표고에 비하여 국내에서 재배된 표고 의 β-glucan이 약 10% 가량 높게 검출되었고, 그 중 국내 원목재배 표고 JMI10066이 31.74%로 가장 높은 함량을 나타냈다.