Background: Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli), a rich source of antioxidants, can prevent various diseases and improve human health. In this study, we investigated the antioxidative effects of broccoli sprout extract on oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide and cisplatin in cell and organ tissue models. Methods: Antioxidative effect of BSE was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS in RAW 364.7 cells, and effects of BSE on testes were investigated using Cisplatin-induced testicular damage model with an in vitro organ culture system. Results: The DPPH assay showed that the antioxidant activity of the alcoholic broccoli sprout extract was higher than that of the water extract. Additionally, the expression levels of antioxidation-related genes, Nrf2 , Gsr , HO-1, and catalase , were significantly increased in broccoli sprout extract-treated RAW 264.7 cells, and the extract suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Based on the results in the RAW 264.7 cell culture, the antioxidative effects of the extracts were investigated in a mouse testis fragment culture. The expression of Nrf2 , HO-1 , and Ddx4 was clearly decreased in cisplatin-treated mouse testis fragments and not in both broccoli sprout extract- and cisplatin-treated mouse testis fragments. In addition, the oxidative marker O-HdG was strongly detected in cisplatin-treated mouse testis fragments, and these signals were reduced by broccoli sprout extract treatment. Conclusions: The results of this study show that broccoli sprout extracts could serve as potential nutraceutical agents as they possess antioxidant effects in the testes.

Gangliosides are glycolipids in which oligosaccharide is combined with sialic acids. Our previous studies have suggested an interplay between ganglioside GD1a/GT1b and meiotic maturation capacity in porcine oocyte maturation. Furthermore, ganglioside GD1a and GT1b are known for its antioxidant activity, but it is still unclear whether possible antioxidant role of GD1a and GT1b is involved in porcine embryos development competence during in vitro culture (IVC). Here, the effects of ganglioside GD1a and GT1b on the embryonic developmental competence during in vitro culture of porcine were investigated. The effects of ganglioside GD1a and GT1b on the expression of ST3GAL2 were confirmed during embryos development (2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell and blastocyst) using immunofluorescent staining (IF). As a result, the fluorescent expression of ST3GAl2 was higher in embryos at 4-8 cells stage than blastocysts. Blastocyst development rate significantly increased in only 0.1 μM GD1a and GT1b treated groups compared with control group. To investigate the cellular apoptosis, we analyzed TUNEL assay. In case of only 0.1 μM GD1a and GT1b treated groups, the total number of cells in blastocyst compared with control group, but there was no significant difference in the rate of apoptotic cells. We identified the intracellular ROS levels using DCF-DA staining. According to the result, ROS production significantly decreased in blastocysts derived from the 0.1 μM GD1a and GT1b treated groups. These results suggest that ganglioside GD1a and GT1b improve the developmental competence of porcine embryos via reduction of intracellular ROS during preimplantation stage.

Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure is a risk factor for skin damage resulting in oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties of Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) to improve its biological activities using a three-step steaming process. We investigated the protective effects of PG and steamed PG extracts on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) against UVB radiation-induced oxidative stress and inflammation as well as the underlying mechanisms. The antioxidant potential of the PG extracts was evaluated by measuring the 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) scavenging activity. ABTS and DPPH were shown by the 0, 30, and 70% ethanol extracts of 2S-PG and 3S-PG (IC50, 28~45 and 27~30 μg/mL, respectively). Treatment of UVB-irradiated cells with steamed PG (25~400 μg/mL) did not affect their viability. The streamed PG extract suppressed UVB-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, streamed PG extract reduced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression in UVB-irradiated HDF, regulating nuclear factor (NF)-κB expression. These findings suggest that steamed PG extract may be potentially effective against inflammation associated with UVB-induced oxidation stress.

스피룰리나는 지구상의 가장 오래된 조류중 하나이며 피코시아닌, 토코페롤, 베타카로틴을 함유하고 있어 노화를 방지한다고 보고된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 재배방법이 다른 스피룰리나 에탄올추출물의 UVB로 유도된 활성산소종(reactive oxygen species, ROS)의 저해와 항산화효과를 확인하였다. 실내배양 스피룰리나 에탄올추출물(ICAE)과 야외배양 스피룰리나 에탄올추출물(OCAE) 0.1, 0.5, 1 ㎎/㎖의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 SOD 유사 활성을 측정하여 항산화효과를 확인하였다. UVB로 유도된 ROS의 저해 효과는 제브라피쉬 배아와 HaCaT 세포를 이용하여 확인하였다. ICAE와 OCAE 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 ㎎/㎖을 제브라피쉬 배아와 HaCaT 세포에 처리하고 UVB로 ROS를 유도하였고 DCFH-DA로 염색하여 세포내 ROS의 양을 검출하였다. 항산화효과를 측정한 결과 양성대조군인 ascorbic acid의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 73%, SOD 유사 활성은 86%로 나타났다. ICAE와 OCAE 1 ㎎/㎖의 농도에서 각각 43, 57%의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 나타내었고, 20, 19%의 SOD 유사 활성을 나타내어 양성대조군인 ascorbic acid보다 낮았지만 유의적인 항산화효과가 있었다. UVB로 유도된 제브라피쉬 배아와 HaCaT 세포의 ROS가 음성대조군보다 증가하였고, ICAE와 OCAE 처리된 군은 농도 의존적으로 UVB만 조사된 양성대조군 보다 ROS가 감소하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 스피룰리나 에탄올추출물이 피부보호용 화장품 소재로 사용가치가 있음을 시사한다.

본 연구에서는 삼칠화 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 및 피부 세포 독성, 항염증을 확인하고, 삼칠화 함유 화장품을 여드름 피부에 적용하여 수분, 홍반, 모공, 블랙헤드에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 화장품 소재로서의 가능성을 규명하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 삼칠화 에탄올 추출물의 DPPH radicial 소거능을 확인하였고, 높은 폴리페놀 함량과 플라보노이드 함량을 나타내었다. 삼칠화 에탄올 추출물은 RAW 264.7 세포에 대한 독성이 적었고, LPS에 의해 유도된 NO 생성을 유의하게 억제하는 것을 확인하였다. 4주간 삼칠화 에탄올 추출물이 3% 함유된 스킨 토너와 스팟 솔루션을 여드름 피부에 적용한 결과, 수분 증가와 홍반지수, 눈에 띄는 모공수, 블랙헤드 감소가 유의하게 나타났고, 사용 후 만족도 조사에서 피지량 감소, 붉음증 완화에 대한 만족도가 높은 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 삼칠화는 항산화 및 항염증 효과가 있으며, 여드름 관리용 화장품 소재로서 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구는 구절초 꽃 추출물이 기능성 화장품 소재로서의 개발 가능성을 관찰하기 위하여 항 산화 활성과 피부세포에 대한 세포독성, 항염증, 멜라닌 생합성 억제능에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 본 연구 결과 구절초 꽃 추출물에서 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드의 높은 함량과 뛰어난 DPPH radical 소거작 용을 확인하였고, Raw 264.7세포와 B16F10세포에 대해 유의한 세포독성을 나타나지 않았으며, Raw 264.7세포에서 LPS에 의해 유도된 NO 생성을 유의하게 억제함으로써 항염증 효과를 확인하였다. 구절 초 꽃 추출물이 B16F10세포에 α-MSH로 멜라닌 생성을 유도한 후 멜라닌 생합성 억제능을 측정한 결 과 멜라닌의 생성 증가를 농도 의존적으로 억제되는 것을 확인하였다. 이와 같은 결과로 보아 구절초 꽃 추출물은 세포에 대한 독성이 낮고, 높은 항산화 활성과 항염증, 미백효과를 가진 기능성 화장품소재 로써의 활용 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Background : The health-promoting effects of green tea are mainly attributed to its polyphenol content, particularly flavanols and flavonols, which account for 30% of a fresh leaf’s dry weight, but the ingredients of the polyphenol content vary depending on the species. This study was conducted to select some candidates with superior anti-oxidative and anti-allergy effects from among seven cultivars of green tea. Methods and Results : Green tea extracts were prepared by extraction with ethanol and by evaporation of the solvent at low pressure. To evaluate their anti-allergy effect and cell viability, the samples were tested for ß-hexosaminidase inhibitory activity and MTT assay of the RBL-2H3 cells, respectively. The anti-oxidation effects of the samples were analyzed with a DPPH radical scavenging activity. According to the results of the experiment, four extracts including Camelia sinensis var. Kemsull, C. sinensis var. Beachwisull, C. sinensis var. Chamnok and C. sinensis var. Fushun showed effective ß-hexosaminidase inhibitory activity at 12.5, 25, 50, 100 ㎍/㎖. At 50 ㎍/㎖, C. sinensis var. Saemidori had the highest cell viability as 86.1%, and all of the samples showed cell proliferation above 70% at 25 ㎍/㎖. The extract of C. sinensis var. Kemsull showed a 60 - 70% inhibitory effect on the DPPH radical at all of the tested concentrations, whereas the extracts of C. sinensis var. Ryohu, C. sinensis var. Saemidori, C. sinensis var. Yabukita showed lower DPPH inhibition effects at around 10 - 30%. Conclusion : The results of this study indicate that the extracts of C. sinensis var. Kemsull, C. sinensis var. Beachwisull, and C. sinensis var. Chamnok have more prominent anti-oxidation and anti-allergy effects than other cultivars, and thus could be utilized as resources for improving health.

In this study, we searched for bioactive compounds from natural resources with a supercritical extract. We selected the extracts of Chrysanthemum zawadskii, Lufa cylindrica, Paeonia lactiflora, Gardenia jasminoides and Scutellaria baicalensis, as natural materials, and evaluated the effects of their skin barrier function. We found that these extracts increased the transactivation activity of the PPAR-responsive element (PPRE) and the anti-oxidation with different priorities, respectively. In addition, these extracts promoted the expression of proteins related to cornified envelope (CE) formation, such as involucrin. From these results, we suggest that natural materials from supercritical extracts will be pertinent candidates for the improvement of the epidermal permeability barrier function.

국내에 자생하는 꽃 중 9종을 80% ethanol 추출 및 농축하여 전자공여능, 환원력, 총 페놀 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량을 측정한 결과, 전자공여능에서 배초향이 (SC50=74.6μg/mL) 대조군인 BHT(SC50=238.8μg/mL)보다 월등히 높은 활성을 보였다. 환원력 측정 결과 추출물의 농도가 높아짐에 따라 활성이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 9개 품종의 꽃 중에서 배초향이 1.0의 OD값으로 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 또한 추출물의 총 페놀 함량은 배초향이 134.6mg GAE/mL로 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, 벌개미취가 40.1 mg GAE/mL로 가장 낮은 함량을 보였다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 고본이 87.0 mg QE/mL로 높은 함량을 보였다. 이러한 결과로 총 페놀 함량과 항산화능과의 상관관계가 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 꽃 중에서 가장 항산화 활성이 높은 배초향에 대해 용매 분획을 실시하여 DPPH radical소거활성 실험을 수행한 결과, ethyl acetate층이 SC50=43.2μg/mL로 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 또한 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 235.5 mg GAE/mL, 96.0 mg QE/mL로 다른 분획물보다 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 본 연구는 결과를 통하여 꽃의 활용성을 증가시킨다고 판단한다. 꽃 추출물의 생리활성 검정은 새로운 기능성 소재로서의 가치를 평가하는데 있어 기초자료 제공에 많은 기여를 할 수 있을 것이며, 꽃을 이용한 천연항산화제의 개발과 꽃에 함유되어 있는 유효성분 연구가 활발하게 이루어질 것이다.

자생식물의 항산화 활성 탐색을 위하여 140종의 식물을 80% ethanol로 추출하여 활성을 확인하였다. 그 결과 며느리배꼽이 가장 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었고(VitaminE, ORACPE=1.0), 쉬땅나무, 찔레나무, 좁쌀풀, 갈참나무, 신갈나무 그리고 싸리의 순으로 항산화활성이 높은 것으로 조사되었다(ORACPE ≥ 1.50). 또한 80% 에탄올 추출물의 용매별(n-hexane, CH2Cl2, EtOAc, n-BuOH, water) 분획층 ORAC 결과에서도 며느리배꼽과 쉬땅나무가 각각 1.13±0.002, 1.10±0.004, 3.67±0.232, 1.62±0.049, 1.05±0.003; 1.02±0.007, v1.00±0.016, 2.94±0.130, 1.80±0.019 그리고 1.04±0.012로 높은 값을 나타내었다. 그 중 항산화 활성이 가장 높은 EtOAc 분획층의 유효성분 규명 등의 추가 연구가 필요하다.

This study was conducted to investigate anti-oxidative and inflammatory inhibition effects of green tea and dietary fiber mixture on liver of high fat diet-induced obese rats. 21 male rats were divided into 3 dietary groups and control group (A), high fat diet-induced group (B), and high fat (HF) diet-induced + EQ diet-S® diet group (C). Immunoblotting and RT-PCR analysis revealed protein expression, and anti-oxidant analysis revealed MDA (malondialdehyde), GSH (glutathione), and free DPPH radical. As a results, Body weight and food consumption were not significantly different between groups. The levels of MDA and GSH were lower in HF + EQS® group than in HF group. Also, the EQS® demonstrated to be more effective than HF group for a DPPH radicals scavenging activities. In addition, protein and mRNA level of TNF-α in HF + EQS® group showed relatively more potent pro-inflammatory activity inhibition compared to HF group. These results suggest that green tea mixture (EQ diet-S®) provide positive effects on anti-oxidative and inflammatory inhibition effects on obese animal model or obesity related diseases.