Cu-Ti thin films were fabricated using a combinatorial sputtering system to realize highly sensitive surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. The Cu-Ti sample library was grown with various chemical compositions and electrical resistivity, providing important information for selecting the most suitable materials for SAW devices. Considering that acoustic waves generated from piezoelectric materials are significantly affected by the resistivity and density of interdigital transducer (IDT) electrodes, three types of Cu-Ti thin films with different Cu contents were fabricated. The thickness of the Cu-Ti thin films used in the SAW-IDT electrode was fixed at 150 nm. As the Cu content of the Cu-Ti films was increased from 31.2 to 71.3 at%, the resistivity decreased from 10.5 to 5.8 × 10-5 ohm-cm, and the density increased from 5.5 to 7.3 g/cm3, respectively. A SAW device composed of Cu-Ti IDT electrodes resonated at exactly 143 MHz without frequency shifts, but the full width at half maximum (FWHM) values of the resonant frequency gradually increased as the Cu content increased. This means that although the increase in Cu content in the Cu-Ti thin film helps to improve the electrical properties of the IDT electrode, the increased density of the IDT electrode deteriorates the acoustic performance of SAW devices.

본 논문은 중국의 소수민족인 티베트를 제재로 한 영화를 고찰한 것이다. 그리고 이러한 연구의 목적은 ‘티베트 영화사’ 서술을 위한 초보적인 시도에 그 의미가 있다. 티베트는 중국과 독립문제로 갈등을 빚고 있으며 국제적인 이슈가 되고 있다. 또한 중국의 소수민족 중에서 민족적 정체성이 뚜렷하며 영화 장르에서도 특화된 영역으 로 분류된다. 본고에서는 티베트 제재 영화 중에서 먼저 한족 감독의 작품을 선별하 여 분석하였다. 왜냐하면 신분적으로 그들에게 티베트는 타자가 되기 때문이다. 자연 히 그들의 영화에서 티베트에 대한 관념이 자연스럽게 묻어 날 수밖에 없다. 한족 감독들 중에서 티베트를 제재로 연출한 대표적인 감독과 그들 작품의 주제 유형별로 대표적인 작품들을 대상으로 삼아 그들의 작품에 나타나는 티베트에 대한 사유 의식 과 실제적인 표현 양상을 통해 티베트의 객관적 현실을 직시하고 분석하고자 한다.

이 연구는 카메라의 시선, 즉 시점에 관한 정의와 분석을 통해 다르덴 형제의 작품 <로제타>와 <자전거를 탄 소년>에서 나타나는 객관적인 시 점 샷을 다룬다. 카메라의 시점 샷은 주관적인 시점과 객관적인 시점으 로 구분 지을 수 있다. 주관적인 시점은 관객에게 공감을 불러일으켜 이 야기의 집중도를 높인다. 반면에 객관적인 시점은 관객이 등장인물을 관 망하게 하여 관객의 편안한 시청을 유도할 수 있지만, 극 중 인물에 대 한 감정이입을 끌어내지 못하는 한계가 있다. 그래서 일반적인 극영화가 주관적인 시점 샷을 적극적으로 활용하는 것에 비해 객관적인 시점 샷의 사용 빈도는 상대적으로 낮다. 하지만 다르덴 형제의 극영화에서는 객관 적인 시점 샷을 중심으로 화면이 구성된다. 이런 배경을 토대로 연구를 진행한 결과 연구의 중심에 있는 영화 <로제타>와 <자전거를 탄 소년> 에서 역시 이 다큐멘터리 기법과 객관적인 시점 샷으로 구성된 연출을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 다르덴 형제가 구성한 객관적인 시점 샷은 사 회적 약자, 소외된 계층에 있는 사람들의 현실을 전달하고자 하는 그들 의 의도를 반영하는 데 효율적인 샷이란 사실 역시 확인하게 되었다. 또 한, 다르덴 형제는 객관적인 시점 샷을 통해 관객을 관찰자로 만들어 영 화에서 일어나는 상황을 관망하게 만들고, 그로 인해 극 중 인물의 가혹 한 현실을 관객들에게 전달하고자 한 것이라는 사실 역시 파악되었다.

This study investigated the inactivation effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) on various packaging films. The UV-C transmittance irradiance varied depending on the packaging materials, with the control group having an irradiance of 3.959 W/m2. For the thinnest layer of 30 mm, polypropylene (PP) had an irradiance of 3.258 W/m2, polyethylene (PE) had an irradiance of 3.193 W/ m2, and oriented polypropylene (OPP) had an irradiance of 3.200 W/m2. In contrast, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) exhibited a significantly lower irradiance of only 0.065 W/m2 for its thinnest film thickness of 100 mm. The light transmittance of the packaging materials was similar, with values of 91.3%, 89.7%, and 89.5% for PP, PE, and OPP, respectively. In contrast, PET exhibited a significantly lower light transmittance of 1.8% compared to the other packaging materials. These findings have practical implications for the food packaging industry. According to the packaging film material, the sterilization effects showed that the E. coli sterilization effect of PP was the highest, followed by PE and OPP, which were similarly effective. At the same time, PET exhibited the lowest sterilization effect. For PP film with a thickness of 30 mm, a 6.2 log reduction in the E. coli population was observed after 20 s of IPL treatment. Ultimately, inactivation was achieved after 60 seconds. Both PE and OPP films, which had a thickness of 30 mm, showed a 5.9 log reduction in E. coli after 30 s of IPL treatment, followed by complete inactivation after 60 s. The inactivation rate for PP, PE, and OPP films showed minimal variation regardless of thickness, although it gradually decreased with increasing thickness. For PET, achieving a 1 log reduction in E. coli required 180 s of IPL treatment at 100 mm thickness and 210 s at 120 mm thickness, indicating the influence of film thickness on inactivation rate. Even after 300 s of IPL treatment, the inactivation effect for PET remained around 1.5 log, the lowest among all packaging film materials.

As the limitations of Moore’s Law become evident, there has been growing interest in advanced packaging technologies. Among various 3D packaging techniques, Cu-SiO2 hybrid bonding has gained attention in heterogeneous devices. However, certain issues, such as its high-temperature processing conditions and copper oxidation, can affect electrical properties and mechanical reliability. Therefore, we studied depositing only a heterometal on top of the Cu in Cu-SiO2 composite substrates to prevent copper surface oxidation and to lower bonding process temperature. The heterometal needs to be deposited as an ultra-thin layer of less than 10 nm, for copper diffusion. We established the process conditions for depositing a Co film using a Co(EtCp)2 precursor and utilizing plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD), which allows for precise atomic level thickness control. In addition, we attempted to use a growth inhibitor by growing a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) material, octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS), on a SiO2 substrate to selectively suppress the growth of Co film. We compared the growth behavior of the Co film under various PEALD process conditions and examined their selectivity based on the ODTS growth time.

Plastics are widely used in industries in human society and because of their structural stability, degradation is a serious global issue. To estimate the degradation of plastic, 31 edible mushrooms were cultured with the selected plastic films (polyethylene [PE], polystyrene [PS], and poly(ethylene terephthalate) [PET]) for 3 months at 25 °C. Measuring the weight of the films showed that four species of mushrooms, namely Porostereum spadiceum, Ganoderma lucidum, Coprinellus micaceus, and Pleurotus ostreatus, exhibited the highest degrees of plastic degradation. In addition, the mushrooms and fungi that exhibited the most significant plastic degradation were cross-cultured to promote this degradation. As a result, cross-cultivation of G. lucidum and Aspergillus niger showed a weight loss of 2.49% for the PET film. For the PS film, Aspergillus nidulans showed a weight loss of 4.06%. Cross-cultivation of A. nidulans and C. micaceus, which showed a weight loss of 2.95%, was noted as an alternative for PS biodegradation, but is harmful to humans. These bio-degradation effects of edible mushroom will contribute to the development of alternatives for eco-friendly plastic degradation.

Thin films of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) nanoparticles were prepared using a low-temperature deposition and crystallization process involving successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) or SILAR-Air spray Plus (SILAR-A+) methods, coupled with hydrothermal (175 °C) and furnace (500 °C) post-annealing. The annealed YSZ films resulted in crystalline products, and their phases of monoclinic, tetragonal, and cubic were categorized through X-ray diffraction analysis. The morphologies of the as-prepared films, fabricated by SILAR and SILAR-A+ processes, including hydrothermal dehydration and annealing, were characterized by the degree of surface cracking using scanning electron microscopy images. Additionally, the thicknesses of the YSZ thin films were compared by removing diffusion layers such as spectator anions and water accumulated during the air spray plus process. Crack-free YSZ thin films were successfully fabricated on glass substrates using the SILAR-A+ method, followed by hydrothermal and furnace annealing, making them suitable for application in solid oxide fuel cells.

Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) has been used as a representative transparent conductive oxide (TCO) in various optoelectronic applications, including light emitting diodes, solar cells, photo-detectors, and electrochromic devices. The FTO plays an important role in providing electron transfer between active layers and external circuits while maintaining high transmittance in the devices. Herein, we report the effects of substrate rotation speed on the electrical and optical properties of FTO films during ultrasonic spray pyrolysis deposition (USPD). The substrate rotation speeds were adjusted to 2, 6, 10, and 14 rpm. As the substrate rotation speed increased from 2 to 14 rpm, the FTO films exhibited different film morphologies, including crystallite size, surface roughness, crystal texture, and film thickness. This FTO film engineering can be attributed to the variable nucleation and growth behaviors of FTO crystallites according to substrate rotation speeds during USPD. Among the FTO films with different substrate rotation speeds, the FTO film fabricated at 6 rpm showed the best optimized TCO characteristics when considering both electrical (sheet resistance of 13.73 Ω/□) and optical (average transmittance of 86.76 % at 400~700 nm) properties with a figure of merit (0.018 Ω-1).

High-quality diamond films have attracted extensive attentions due to their excellent optical and electrical properties. However, several issues, such as random orientation, stress accumulation, and slow growth rate, severely limit its applications. In this paper, high-quality polycrystalline diamond films with highly ordered (100) orientation were prepared by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. The effects of growth parameters on the microstructure, quality and residual stress of diamond films were investigated. Experimental results indicate that relatively high temperature at low methane concentration will promote the formation of (100) oriented grains with a low compressive stress. Optimized growth parameters, a methane concentration of 2% along with a pressure of 250 Torr and temperature at 1050 ℃, were used to acquire high growth rate of 7.9 μm/h and narrow full width at half maximum of Raman peak of 5.5 cm− 1 revealing a high crystal quality. It demonstrates a promising method for rapid growth of high-quality polycrystalline diamond films with (100) orientation, which is vital for improving the diamond related applications at low cost.

이 글은 대만 중멍훙 감독의 영화에서 나타나는 가족 간의 갈등과 갈등의 해소, 그리고 이러한 것을 형상화한 영화적 장치에 대하여 주목하고 있다. 첫째, 이들 영화 에서는 죽음과 이혼 등 가족 구성원과의 이별이 나타나며, 이러한 구성원의 상실은 불안과 상처의 원인으로 작용한다. 그리고 이러한 갈등과 상처는 가족의 의미를 알 아가는 과정이며, 가족의 정신적 성장을 다루고 있다고 할 수 있다. 둘째, 영화에서 인물들이 겪는 심리적 불안은 그들의 내면과 정신적인 분열로 확장되어 나타난다. 그리고 이러한 인물의 내적 불안은 빛의 명암과 색채로 운용된다. 내면의 감정은 주 로 푸른색과 노란색의 원색적인 색채, 햇빛의 명암이 사용되고 있다. 빛과 색채가 만 들어내는 영상미는 중멍훙 영화의 특징이자 다른 감독들과 구분되는 지점이라고 할 수 있다.

글로벌 시대에 영화는 문화와 오락의 매개체일 뿐만 아니라 사회 문화 현상을 반영하는 중요한 방법이기도 하다. 다문화 영화 작품은 전 세계 관객들의 관심을 유도하는 동시에 작품 고유의 문화적 특색도 유지해야 한다. 본 연구는 2022년 픽사 애니메이션 스튜디오가 선보인 <메이의 새 빨간 비밀(Turning Red)>을 연구 대상으로 삼아 3막 서사 구조 분석 방 법을 활용해 해당 영화가 홉스테드(Geert Hofstede) 문화차원 이론(Hofstede Culture Dimension Theory)을 어떻게 구현했는지 살펴보고자 한다. 이 영화는 메이가 동서양 문화가 합쳐진 환경 속에서 어떻게 질풍노도의 청 소년기를 극복하고, 점차 자아를 발견하고 자신의 내면과 화해를 이루는 지 그 과정을 보여준다. <메이의 새빨간 비밀>의 서사 구조는 설정, 대 립, 해결의 세 가지 부분으로 명확하게 구분되어 관객이 영화를 이해하고 몰입하는 데 도움이 된다. 이 영화의 서사 전략은 홉스테드 문화차원 이 론을 교묘하게 활용하고, 캐릭터 간의 상호작용과 플롯 전개를 통해 다문 화 배경 속에서 개인의 성장 과정을 보여주는 것이다. 본 연구는 <메이의 새빨간 비밀>이 어떻게 3막 구조와 홉스테드의 문화차원 이론을 결합해 스토리를 구축하고, 이 이론들을 같이 활용해 관객들의 관심을 끌고 문화 적 공감대를 이끌어냈는지 연구하는 것을 목적으로 한다.

ZnO/Cu/ZnO (ZCZ) thin films were deposited at room temperature on a glass substrate using direct current (DC) and radio frequency (RF, 13.56 MHz) magnetron sputtering and then the effect of post-deposition electron irradiation on the structural, optical, electrical and transparent heater properties of the films were considered. ZCZ films that were electron beam irradiated at 500 eV showed an increase in the grain sizes of their ZnO(102) and (201) planes to 15.17 nm and 11.51 nm, respectively, from grain sizes of 13.50 nm and 10.60 nm observed in the as deposited films. In addition, the film’s optical and electrical properties also depended on the electron irradiation energies. The highest opto-electrical performance was observed in films electron irradiated at 500 eV. In a heat radiation test, when a bias voltage of 18 V was applied to the film that had been electron irradiated at 500 eV, its steady state temperature was about 90.5 °C. In a repetition test, it reached the steady state temperature within 60 s at all bias voltages.

산화아연 막은 투명한 전도성 물질로써 다양한 분야의 광전자소자에 이용되고 있다. 그러므로 산화아연 막의 특성을 규명하는 것은 광전자소자의 성능을 높이는데 매우 중요한 역할을 할 것이다. 본 논 문에서는 이러한 산화아연 막을 용액공정 기반으로 제작하여 형태적, 구조적 특성을 평가하고자 한다. 구 체적으로는 졸-겔 방법을 반복적으로 시행하여, 시행 횟수에 따른 산화아연 막의 물성의 변화를 관찰할 것 이다. 일정한 용액 조건하에서, 5회의 반복적인 졸-겔 방법을 시행한 결과 결정화가 진행되는 것을 확인하 였다. 7회 이상에서는 원소 구성 및 결정화도가 특정 값에 수렴하는 경향을 보였다. 최종적인 산화아연 막 의 평균결정의 크기는 약 10.7 nm 정도로 계산되었다. 본 연구를 통해 최적의 결정화를 보이는 공정횟수 는 7회였다. 본 연구 결과 및 방법론은 다양한 용액공정 변수를 가변시키면서 적용할 수가 있고 최적의 공 정조건을 확립하는데 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

Tb3+-doped CaNb2O6 (CaNb2O6:Tb3+) thin films were deposited on quartz substrates at a growth temperature of 300 °C using radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The deposited thin films were annealed at several annealing temperatures for 20 min and characterized for their structural, morphological, and luminescent properties. The experimental results showed that the annealing temperature had a significant effect on the properties of the CaNb2O6:Tb3+ thin films. The crystalline structure of the as-grown CaNb2O6:Tb3+ thin films transformed from amorphous to crystalline after annealing at temperatures greater than or equal to 700 °C. The emission spectra of the thin films under excitation at 251 nm exhibited a dominant emission band at 546 nm arising from the 5D4 → 7F5 magnetic dipole transition of Tb3+ and three weak emission bands at 489, 586, and 620 nm, respectively. The intensity of the 5D4 → 7F5 (546 nm) magnetic dipole transition was greater than that of the 5D4 → 7F6 (489 nm) electrical dipole transition, indicating that the Tb3+ ions in the host crystal were located at sites with inversion symmetry. The average transmittance at wavelengths of 370~1,100 nm decreased from 86.8 % at 700 °C to 80.5 % at an annealing temperature of 1,000 °C, and a red shift was observed in the bandgap energy with increasing annealing temperature. These results suggest that the annealing temperature plays a crucial role in developing green light-emitting CaNb2O6:Tb3+ thin films for application in electroluminescent displays.

Transparent conductive tungsten (W) doped indium oxide (In2O3; IWO) films were deposited at different substrate bias voltage (-Vb) conditions at room temperature on glass substrates by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering and the influence of the substrate bias voltage on the optical and electrical properties was investigated. As the substrate bias voltage increased to -350 Vb, the IWO films showed a lower resistivity of 2.06 × 10-4 Ωcm. The lowest resistivity observed for the film deposited at -350 Vb could be attributed to its higher mobility, of 31.8 cm2/Vs compared with that (6.2 cm2/Vs) of the films deposited without a substrate bias voltage (0 Vb). The highest visible transmittance of 84.1 % was also observed for the films deposited at the -350 Vb condition. The X-ray diffraction observation indicated the IWO films deposited without substrate bias voltage were amorphous phase without any diffraction peaks, while the films deposited with bias voltage were polycrystalline with a low In2O3 (222) diffraction peak and relatively high intensity (431) and (046) diffraction peaks. From the observed visible transmittance and electrical properties, it is concluded that the opto-electrical performance of the polycrystalline IWO film deposited by RF magnetron sputtering can be enhanced with effective substrate bias voltage conditions.