본 연구는 미래로 나아갈수록 창의적 인재가 요구되는 사회에서 청소년의 창의성을 어떻게 발현시키고 발달시킬 것인가에 대한 건강한 정신건강과 문화예술교육의 함의를 시사하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 연구 방법은 한국교육개발 원에서 제공하는 한국교육종단연구(KELS) 패널 데이터 자료를 부분 추출하여 SPSS 23.0 프로그램을 사용하여 정신 건강과 창의성의 관계를 살펴보았고 정신건강과 창의성의 관계에서 문화활동참여 빈도, 문화예술활동 경험 각각의 매개효과를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 정신건강과 창의성의 관계는 유의미한 정적 관계로 나타났으며 부분매개효과를 확인했고 편안함, 즐거움, 행복함의 긍정적 정신건강과 문화예술교육, 문화예술활동이 청소년의 창의성에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 결과를 본 연구에서 검증하였다. 따라서 청소년의 창의성 발달을 위해 마음의 편안함, 즐거움, 행복 함과 같은 심리·정서적 정신건강 증진이 우선 되어야 하며 촉진 수단의 매개로 문화예술활동에 참여하는 방법을 활용할 수 있으며 청소년 문화예술활동 경험의 활성화를 위한 지역사회와 교육 현장의 다양한 문화예술교육 프로그램 개발 및 제공은 미래 사회의 창의융합형 인재를 양성하기 위한 주요한 과제가 될 것이다.

This study investigated the effects of exposure frequency, depth of processing, and activity repetition types on vocabulary learning. In total, 78 South Korean fifth-grade students were divided into four conditions. Students in each condition were asked to read a passage with four of the eight target words (exposure: four times) and the other four words (exposure: once) for three days, and to perform the vocabulary activities assigned to each condition. According to the results, exposure frequency and activity repetition type had significant effects on vocabulary learning. Activity repetition type also had a significant interaction effect with exposure frequency and depth of processing. Notably, presenting a word 12 times (4x3) in reading intervals had a more positive impact on vocabulary learning than presenting it three times (1x3), particularly when different vocabulary activities were repeated. Meanwhile, when the same activity was repeated, an activity with a higher depth of processing was more effective for vocabulary learning.

본 연구의 목적은 여자 대학생 태권도 선수들의 선수 경력, 대회 참가빈도가 운동몰입에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 데 있다. 본 연구의 대상은 여자 대학 태권도 선수 20명이다. 선수 경력과 대회 참가빈도 는 4점 척도로 조사하였고, 1점에서 4점으로 점수가 높으면 높을수록, 선수 경력과 대회 참가빈도가 높음 을 의미한다. 운동몰입에 대한 평가는 운동몰입척도를 활용하였다. 운동몰입척도는 총 8문항으로 행위 몰 입 4문항과 인지 몰입 4문항으로 구성되어있고, 5점 리커트 척도를 활용하여 평정하며, 점수가 높으면 높 을수록 운동몰입 수준이 높음을 의미한다. 그 결과 대회 참가 빈도와 운동몰입 간에 정적 (+) 상관관계와 인과관계가 나타났다. 선수 경력은 부적 (-) 인과관계를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 대회 참가빈도가 높을수록 운동몰입 수준이 증가하며, 선수 경력이 길수록 운동몰입 수준이 감소한다고 설명할 수 있다. 따라서, 여자 대학 태권도 선수들의 운동몰입 수준을 향상시키기 위해 대회 참가 빈도와 선수 경력을 고려해야 할 것이 다.

The present study examined the receptive and productive knowledge of collocations of second language (L2) and heritage speakers of Korean and also investigated the influence of phrasal frequency, exposure to Korean, and phonological short-term memory (PSTM). Seventeen L2 learners and 14 heritage speakers of Korean were tested on 30 Korean noun-verb collocations, which varied in phrasal frequency, using an acceptability judgment task and a collocation completion test. The results showed that both L2 and heritage speakers demonstrated considerable receptive knowledge of Korean collocations while productive knowledge was more limited for both groups. The mixed-effects modelling results of four independent variables of interest (i.e., phrasal frequency, exposure via media, academic use, and PSTM) showed that phrasal frequency was the only significant predictor of receptive knowledge of collocations for both L2 and heritage speakers; none of the four factors had a significant impact on productive knowledge of collocations for either group. These data are discussed in relation to previous studies on collocation development of L2 learners and heritage speakers.

As the postsecondary school-age population continues to decline, universities are building identities to differentiate themselves and create a favorable impression among this cohort. We investigated the role of logo-bearing products as a way of promoting university identity, specifically, the effects of ingroup ties, ingroup affect, and centrality on attitude toward university logo products and purchase intention. This study further examined the moderating effects of perceived university prestige on the relationship between logo product attitude and in-store purchase intention, and the moderating effect of online shopping frequency on the relationship between logo product attitude and online purchase intention. We conducted a survey of undergraduate and graduate students at a university in Seoul. Survey responses (N=561) were collected and processed using SPSS 23.0. Multiple regression analysis showed that ingroup ties and affect had significant effects on product attitude. However, centrality had no significant effect on attitude toward the product. Product attitude had a direct significant effect on both in-store and online purchase intention. Perceived university prestige moderated the relationship between product attitude and in-store purchase intention. Moreover, online shopping frequency moderated the relationship between product attitude and online purchase intention. The results of this study are expected to provide fundamental knowledge for developing product strategy of logo products.

In an effort to find a way to optimize the learning condition, this study examined the effects of two types of input frequency distribution, skewed-first distribution (SFD) versus balanced distribution (BD), and two types of focus-on-form techniques, input processing (IP) versus input enhancement (IE), on the learning of English participles by Korean middle school students. A total of 91 students participated in this study, divided into five subgroups: SFD + IP, SFD + IE, BD + IP, BD + IE, and Control. The learning outcomes and the generalizability of the learned knowledge were measured through scaled judgment tasks and picture description tasks, immediately after treatment as well as one week later. The results showed that the input frequency distribution factor did not have statistically significant effects on learning and generalizability, while the degrees of explicitness of focus-on-form techniques had statistically significant effects on both. The interaction effects of the two main factors were not statistically significant. More detailed findings are presented with some pedagogical implications for Korean EFL classrooms.

Background: The gastrocnemius (GCM) is one of the lower extremity muscles that tend to tighten easily. GCM tightness results in limited ankle dorsi-flexion (DF), especially when the knee joint is fully extended. Joint flexibility is determined by the morphological and physiological characteristics of joints, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Impaired joint flexibility can be attributed to increased susceptibility to muscle injury. High-frequency diathermy is clinically used to reduce pain and muscle tightness and to improve limited range of motion. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of high-frequency therapy in subjects with GCM tightness. Methods: The study was designed as a one-group before–after trial. The subjects included 28 volunteers with GCM tightness (an active ankle DF angle of less than 12°) without any known neurological and musculoskeletal pathologies in the ankle and calf areas. WINBACK Transfer Electrode Capacitive and Resistive Therapy equipment was used to apply high-frequency therapy to the subjects’ GCMs for 10–15 minutes. The pennation angle and the fascicle length of the GCM were measured using ultrasonography. The flexibility of the ankle joint, peak torque to the passive ankle DF (Biodex), and soft tissue stiffness (MyotonPRO) were also measured. Results: The pennation angle was significantly decreased following the treatment; however, no significant difference in the fascicle length was found (p < 0.05). The flexibility was significantly increased and both the passive peak torque to passive ankle DF and the soft tissue stiffness significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Conclusion: High-frequency therapy is immediately effective for improving the muscle’s architectural properties and functional factors in subjects with GCM tightness. Further longitudinal clinical studies are required to investigate the long-term effects of high-frequency therapy on subjects with GCM tightness from various causes.

The Azuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis L., is a common insect pest of stored products in the world. Radio-frequencydependent oviposition, development and adult performances of C. chinensis were examined at five radio-frequencies of0 (control), 5, 10, 20, and 30 kHz on azuki bean, cowpea, and mung bean seeds. The effects were studied on two successivegenerations of C. chinensis. The results showed that radio-frequency application have significant effects on the life variablesof C. chinensis. Radio-frequency exposures on three seed species not only impacted on developmental time, adult longevityand adult weight but negative effects were also transmitted to the successive generations. Longer developmental time andthe least adults of C. chinensis were emerged with shorter longevity in case of radio-frequency treatment than untreated.Decreasing the radio-frequency level further reduced the adult longevity and increased time for development of adults.The least adult emergence and short longevity was recorded for 5 kHz treatment. Radio-frequency treatments have alsoaffected on the adult performance such as weight of adult. The life variables of C. chinensis are discussed in terms oftargeting susceptibilities to radio-frequencies in storage as an alternative to chemical treatments.

Background:Active trigger points (TrPs) of the suboccipital muscles greatly contribute to the occurrence of chronic tension-type headache, with increased sensitivity of TrPs and facilitated referred pain.Objects:This study aimed to investigate whether the integration of high-frequency diathermy into suboccipital release is more beneficial than the use of suboccipital release alone.Methods:Thirty subjects were assigned to either experimental group-1 (EG-1) to undergo suboccipital release combined with high-frequency diathermy (frequency: 0.3 MHz, and electrode type: resistive electronic transfer), or EG-2 to undergo suboccipital release alone, or the control group (CG) with no intervention, with 10 subjects in each group. The assessment tools included the headache impact test 6 (HIT-6), perceived level of tenderness, neck disability index, and neck mobility. Intervention was performed for 10 minutes, twice per week, for 4 weeks, and measurements were performed before and after the interventions.Results:The between-group comparison of the post-test values and changes between pretest and post-test showed significant differences for all parameters at p<.05, except for the left-to-right lateral bending range. In the post hoc test, EG-1 showed significant differences for the parameters in comparison with the CG, while no significant differences in the perceived tenderness level, on both temporal regions, were found between EG-2 and CG. Furthermore, the HIT-6 score and perceived tenderness level, in the right temporal region, showed significant differences between EG-1 and EG-2. In the within-group comparison, EG-1 and EG-2 appeared to be significantly different between pretest and post-test (p<.05), except for the perceived tenderness level in the right temporal region, with significance for the EG-1 group only (p<.05).Conclusion:These findings suggest that the suboccipital release technique may be advantageous to improve headache, tenderness, and neck function and mobility, with more favorable effects with the incorporation of high-frequency diathermy.

The objective of this research was to determine the effects of harvesting frequency and fertilization levels on botanical composition, dry matter yield, and forage feed compositions of Alpine grassland at 800 m altitude. This research lasted for three years at National Alpine Agricultural Research Institute in Pyeongchang with two harvesting frequency schedules (two and three times annually) and two levels of fertilizer application (conventional level of fertilizer at 280-200-240 kg/ha and a lower level of fertilizer at 200-200-200 kg/ha for N, P2O5, and K2O). Mixture combinations with seeding rate (kg/ha) were as follows: Orchardgrass 18, Tall fescue 9, Timothy 8, Kentucky bluegrass 3, and Ladino Clover 2. The gramineae ratio ranged from 93.2 to 95.3%. Therefore, gramineae forage was considered as the dominant plant in this experiment. No significant (p>0.05) difference was observed in forage dry matter yield between the two harvesting frequency treatments (two times at 9.8 ton/ha and three times at 8.6 ton/ha). However, forage dry matter yield in the two times of harvesting frequency tended to be greater than that in the three times of harvesting frequency. Significantly (p<0.05) higher forage dry matter yield in the standard fertilization level group than the lower fertilization level group (9.8 ton/ha vs. 8.7 ton/ha) was observed. However, there was no significant (p>0.05) difference in forage crude protein concentration between the two harvesting frequency treatment groups, although the concentration in the group with three times of harvesting frequency tended to be higher. In contrast, crude fiber concentration in the group with two times of harvesting frequency tended to be higher, although the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber, and organic matter concentrations were not significantly (p>0.05) different between the two groups with different fertilization levels. Based on these results, it was concluded that the group with two times of harvesting frequency with conventional fertilization level might be proper for obtaining better forage productivity for Alpine grassland at 800 m altitude.

본 시험은 ‘아드리아’와 ‘로지타’ 절화수국(Hydrangeamacrophylla L.)을 생장시키는데 있어서 양분용탈과 환경오염을 감소시키기 위한 적정 화분크기와 양액 공급 횟수를 구명하고자 2012년에 온실에서 수행하였다. 화분크기(5, 10, 20L)와 양액공급 횟수(4, 8, 12회)를 처리주효과로 하여 교호작용을 관찰하였다. 화분크기에 관계없이양액공급 횟수를 늘릴수록 공급량과 용탈량이 증가하였다. 10L화분-12회양액 공급으로 처리 하였을 때 ‘아드리아’의 초장, 경경, 절간 수, 엽수와 엽폭, 화장과 화폭이상대적으로 증가하였다. 화분크기와 양액공급 횟수가 적었을 때 ‘아드리아’ 생장은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 10L-8회 또는 10L-12회 처리 시 ‘로지타’의 초장, 경경, 엽장, 그리고 화장과 화폭이 연장되었고, 화분크기와 양액공급 횟수가 가장 적었을 때 초장과 경경 그리고 화장이 감소되었다. ‘아드리아’의 생체중은 10L-12회, 20L-8회, 20L-12회 처리에서 증가하였고, 화분크기와 양액공급횟수가 적었을 때 생체중의 감소가 나타났다. ‘로지타’는5L-4회 처리 시 빈약한 생체중을 보였다. 양분이용효율은 4회 공급 시 두 품종 모두에서 0.56-0.92g•L−1으로높은 수준을 보였으며, 12회 공급 시 0.24-0.31g•L−1으로 낮은 수준을 보였다. ‘아드리아’ 엽내 대량무기성분 함량은 10L-12회 처리 시 비교적 높게 나타났고 ‘로지타’는 20L-12회 처리에서 인산과 칼륨 그리고 칼슘함량이높게 나타났다.

The traffic accidents in Korea have been increasing every year due to various reasons and simultaneously causing socioeconomic cost at the national level. This study has analyzed the correlation between meteorological factors and the traffic accidents in Seoul during 2013. Especially, we have selected season, rain and temperature among the meteorological factors to identify their significance with the traffic accidents. In addition, analysis of variance, t-test and a multiple regression technique is applied. Major findings from the analyses are discussed at the district point of view, including the different effect of weather condition and the interaction effect of rain and temperature in winter. The results of this study would be useful for developing management strategies to reduce car crashes and injury severity in Seoul.

Recently, though it was developed several services using the context-awareness technology of IoT, there exist also obstacles for high quality service. Specifically it is short the study for uncertainty of context-awareness. This study focused on understanding the effect of frequency interference among several environmental factors for location determination to increase precision of location determination. It was found that frequency interference between devices using 2.4Ghz frequency effect on the location determination precision. It was resulted that frequency interference increase the error of location determination precision. Then, we confirmed that it was required the suitable compensation method corresponding to frequency interference.

We divided the sample into four groups by temperature regimes and comparing the Lethal effect after exposure to high room temperatures for 50~58 days. After inoculating Cnidium officinale Makino with Tribolium castaneum Herbst, the storage insects of medicinal herbs, was 20 respectively. The results of treating cut Cninium officinale Makino are listed below. Survival rate of group A by exposure of 5 times at 35~36.5℃ is less than 7.5%. Survival rate of group C by exposure of 5 times at 35.5~39.5℃ and group D by exposure of 23day at 37~44℃ is less than 2.5%. Especially in the case of group D, we found that complete eradication of the insect is difficult despite exposure high temperature for a long time. Also most of the grinded Cninium officinale Makino has the same patten but group B by relatively treated low temperature has a significant difference in mortality. Insect mortality in cut Cninium officinale Makino by exposure at 35℃ and 39.5℃ is 7.5% and the insect mortality in grinded Cninium officinale Makino by exposure at 39. 5℃ is only 75%. The reason is estimated that heat conduction of grinded Cninium officinale Makino is slow and it was less shocked by heat because The final core temperature of medicinal herbs is relatively low about 0.5~2℃. This means that storage insect(Tribolium castaneum Herbst) can be suppressed at mid-high temperature if it is to be treated more than 50 days without problem of quality deterioration of medicinal herbs that can be caused by high temperature.

In this study, to apply hydrogen energy to ship engine and to generate effective hydrogen production, we investigated the effects of high temperature H₂SO₄ feed rate and cooling water rate to pump parts with fixed frequency needed to reciprocate motion and a simulation was conducted at each condition. In the fixed frequency and cooling water inlet flow rate of 0.5 Hz and 3.9 kg/s, we changed the high temperature H₂SO₄ flow rate to 47.46 kg/s (it is 105 % of 45.2 kg/s), 49.72 kg/s (110 %), and 51.98 kg/s (115 %). Also, at 0.5 Hz and 45.2 kg/s of frequency and high temperature H₂SO₄ flow, the thermal hydraulic analysis was performed at the condition of 95 % (3.705 kg/s), 90 % (3.51 kg/s), and 85 % (3.315 kg/s). In overall simulation cases, the physical properties of materials are more influential to the temperature increase in the pump part rather than the changes on the feed rate of high temperature H₂SO₄ and cooling water. A continuous operation of pump was also capable even if the excess feed of high temperature H₂SO₄ of about 15 % or the less feed of cooling water of about 15 % were performed, respectively. When the increasing feed of high temperature H₂SO₄ of up to 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % were compared with base flow (45.2 kg/s), the deviation of time period rose to a certain temperature and ranged from 0 to 4.5 s in the same position (same material). In case of cooling water, the deviation of time period rose to a certain temperature and ranged from 0 to 5.9 s according to the decreasing feed changes of cooling water at 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % compared to a base flow (3.9 kg/s). Finally, the additional researches related to the two different materials (Teflon and STS for Pitch and End-plate), which are concerned about the effects of temperature changes to the parts contacting different materials, are needed, and we have a plan to conduct a follow-up study.