PURPOSES : This study analyzes the accident damage scale of hazardous material transportation vehicles not monitored in real time by the Hazardous Material Transportation Safety (HMTS) management center. METHODS : To simulate hazardous-material transportation vehicle accidents, a preliminary analysis of transportation vehicle registration status was conducted. Simulation analyses were conducted for hazardous substance and flammable gas transportation vehicles with a high proportion of small- and medium-sized vehicles. To perform a spill accident damage-scale simulation of hazardous-substance transportation vehicles, the fluid analysis software ANSYS Fluent was used. Additionally, to analyze explosion accidents in combustible gas transportation vehicles, the risk assessment software Phast and Aloha were utilized. RESULT : Simulation analysis of hazardous material transportation vehicles revealed varying damage scales based on vehicle capacity. Simulation analysis of spillage accidents showed that the first arrival time at the side gutter was similar for various vehicle capacities. However, the results of the cumulative pollution analysis based on vehicle capacity exhibited some differences. In addition, the simulation analysis of the explosion overpressure and radiant heat intensity of the combustible gas transportation vehicle showed that the difference in the danger radius owing to the difference in vehicle capacity was insignificant. CONCLUSIONS : The simulation analysis of hazardous-material transportation vehicles indicated that accidents involving small- and medium-sized transportation vehicles could result in substantial damage to humans and ecosystems. For safety management of these small and medium-sized hazardous material transportation vehicles, it is expected that damage can be minimized with the help of rapid accident response through real-time vehicle control operated by the existing HMTS management center.

Recently, the importance of impact-based forecasting has increased along with the socio-economic impact of severe weather have emerged. As news articles contain unconstructed information closely related to the people’s life, this study developed and evaluated a binary classification algorithm about snowfall damage information by using media articles text mining. We collected news articles during 2009 to 2021 which containing ‘heavy snow’ in its body context and labelled whether each article correspond to specific damage fields such as car accident. To develop a classifier, we proposed a probability-based classifier based on the ratio of the two conditional probabilities, which is defined as I/O Ratio in this study. During the construction process, we also adopted the n-gram approach to consider contextual meaning of each keyword. The accuracy of the classifier was 75%, supporting the possibility of application of news big data to the impact-based forecasting. We expect the performance of the classifier will be improve in the further research as the various training data is accumulated. The result of this study can be readily expanded by applying the same methodology to other disasters in the future. Furthermore, the result of this study can reduce social and economic damage of high impact weather by supporting the establishment of an integrated meteorological decision support system.

This study was conducted with the aim of confirming the impact and relative contribution of extreme weather to dry matter yield (DMY) of silage corn in the central inland region of Korea. The corn data (n=1,812) were obtained from various reports on the new variety of adaptability experiments conducted by the Rural Development Administration from 1978 to 2017. As for the weather variables, mean aerial temperature, accumulated precipitation, maximum wind speed, and sunshine duration, were collected from the Korean Meteorological Administration. The extreme weather was detected by the box plot, the DMY comparison was carried out by the t-test with a 5% significance level, and the relative contribution was estimated by R2 change in multiple regression modeling. The DMY of silage corn was reduced predominantly during the monsoon in summer and autumn, with DMY damage measuring 1,500-2,500 kg/ha and 1,800 kg/ha, respectively. Moreover, the relative contribution of the damage during the monsoons in summer and autumn was 40% and 60%, respectively. Therefore, the impact of autumn monsoon season should be taken into consideration when harvesting silage corn after late August. This study evaluated the effect of extreme weather on the yield damage of silage corn in Korea and estimated the relative contribution of this damage for the first time.

The purpose of this study is the impact of national fishing port investment and typhoons on fisheries disaster damage. The dependent variables were the amount of damage to fishing ports, fishing boats, fisheries enhancement, external facilities, mooring facilities, functional facilities, fishing port and typhoons. The analysis period is from 2002 to 2018. Since the error term is in a simultaneous correlation, it was efficiently estimated by analyzing it with a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) method. As a result of the analysis, external facilities have not significance to all models. Investing in mooring facilities increased the amount of damage to fishing ports for five years. Investing in functional facilities reduced the amount of damage to fishing ports and aquaculture over five years. Typhoons have significance to all models, and the amount of damage increased every time a typhoon occurred. Based on these results, as the influence of typhoons increases, it seems necessary to establish preventive measures. Timely investment and maintenance to enable the role and function of national fishing ports are considered important.

Wikstroemia ganpi grow the southern coastal regions in Korea, small population and are classified as a critically endangered species. The majority of habitats are located near forest paths and reservoirs at the edge of mountains, indicating that there is considerable human interference and severe fragmentation of populations, as well as damage to individuals as a result of forest fires and soil erosion. We evaluated the genetic diversity in populations, genetic differentiation between populations, and genetic structure to provide data to support the conservation of W. ganpi. W. ganpi populations showed lower genetic diversity(mean level: P.95=36%, S.I=0.170, h=0.113) and higher genetic differentiation(40%) between populations than other species with similar characteristics did. And the among population gene flow(Nm) was highly restricted at 0.87. The four populations revealed that there were fixed alleles in the different loci of each population. This result can be explained by the effects of genetic drift. Structure analysis and the PCA results were more indicative of separate groups than a genetic structure that was linked to populations. This reflects the high level of genetic differentiation between populations and the unique alleles within each population. As a result, lower genetic diversity and higher genetic differentiation between populations of W. ganpi. And the effects of inbreeding were observed, as well as asexual reproduction in some populations. Therefore, to conserve W. ganpi, all the surveyed populations need to be designated for on-site conservation and monitored continually. A research on the spatial genetic structure needs to be conducted to obtain information on sample extraction for off-site conservation. This structure would be able to minimize the wasting of samples that could be obtained from limited genetic resources and would enable further focused and efficient management.

The mulberry for production of mulberry fruit, found the damage and quantity according to the level of damage by the A. mori, and through regression analysis, we set up a economic injury level. The level of damage by A. mori was to be artificially adjusted, for 2 percent, 5%, 8 percent, and 11 percent of leaf damage. Investigate, From May 31 to June 14, they compared the damage to each damage level and the growth and development and quantity. The survey found that the more damage level, the more severe the damage. The ratio of damage fruit was 5.1 percent, 11 percent, 13.2 percent, 23.9 percent, respectively. And the quantity was reduced by about 33% from 11 percent to 2,387 g/tree compared to the 2 percent to 3,557 g/tree. There's no difference in the damage caused by the sclerotium disease, and the growth and development, such as the length of the tree, the length of the branches, and the thickness of branches. The relationship between the damage level and the ratio of damage fruit was able to obtain relations with the linear regression, Y = 2.129552 X +0.569663(R2 = 0.98). It's the result of an analysis, which analyzed the damage level's relationship with the ratio of damage fruit have a high correlation rate. Therefore, It’s about the ratio of the quantity losses is 5 percent, the ratio of damage leaf is 2.08 percent. If the ratio of damage leaf is more than 2.08 percent, the damage will be required the control. It is judged.

The automotive bumper has the functions of strength, rigidity and fine sight. It protects the driver, front and rear sides of car body through shock absorption at the traffic accident of car. This study investigates the impacts on front side and corner with the low speed of 4.5 km/h by using the model of SUV car body. The models are modelled by CATIA program with three dimensions and are analyzed by the finite element program of ANSYS Explicit STR. The maximum equivalent stresses at impacts of front side(case 1) and corner (case 2) at bumper are 261.72MPa and 365.02MPa respectively. As this stress at case 2 becomes 40% higher than at case 1, the impact of corner is happened easier than at the damage at the impact of front side. These stresses at case 1 and case 2 are shown above the yield stress at material property of steel, it is thought that there are the possibilities of plastic damages at two cases. The maximum deformation and equivalent stress at the support 2 of case 2 become 5 times and 3 times higher than at the support 1 respectively. The damage possibility due to impact at low speed is investigated by the basic analysis result of this study. And this result can be utilized at inspecting the result of impact test on bumper hereafter.

백두산 화산이 분화할 경우, 한국에는 주로 화산재로 인한 피해가 예상된다. 이에 본 연구는 해외의 대형 화산분화 사례를 기반으로, 화산재 규모에 따른 피해와 사회 경제적 영향을 분석하였다. 첫째, 주요 화산 분화의 화산재 피해사례 및 화산재 두께/무게에 따른 피해를 "화산재 규모와 피해 영향 대조표"를 통하여 살펴보았다. 둘째, 화산재의 사회 경제적 영향을 분석하였다. 백두산이 겨울에 분화하지 않는다면, 한국은 화산재로 인해 경제적 피해를 입을 가능성이 크지 않지만, 화산재의 특성상 범세계적으로 영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문에 그 영향을 간과해서는 안 된다. 한편 만약 백두산 분화 시기에 한반도 주변으로 북풍 또는 북동풍이 발달하면, 화산재가 남한으로 확산하여 남한 경제에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 항공수출에 차질이 생길 수 있으며, 인구 밀도가 높은 수도권이나 지방중심도시(산업집중도시) 혹은 농업지역으로 화산재가 이동해 온다면 그 피해는 매우 클 수 있다. 이러한 화산재해에 대비하여 한국의 실정에 맞는 화산재 예보 단계표가 만들어야져야 하며, 화산재 예측을 위한 한국형 화산 해저드 맵을 구축할 필요가 있다.

In this paper, the analysis of impact damage behavior of a reinforced concrete structure that undergoes both a shock impulsive loading and an impact loading due to the air blast induced from an explosion is performed. Firstly, a pair of multiple loadings are selected from the scenario that an imaginary explosion accident is assumed. The RC structures strengthened with advanced composite materials (ACM) are considered as a scheme for retrofitting RC wall structures subjected to multiple explosive loadings and then the evaluation of the resistant performance against them is presented in comparison with the result of the evaluation of a RC structure without a retrofit. Also, in order to derive the result of the analysis similar to that of real explosion experiments, which require the vast investment and expense for facilities, the constitutive equation and the equation of state (EOS) which can describe the real impact and shock phenomena accurately are included with them. In addition, the numerical simulations of two concrete structures are achieved using AUTODYN-3D, an explicit analysis program, in order to prove the retrofit performance of a ACM-strengthened RC wall structure.

본 연구에서는 외기온 영하조건에서 노출시간 변화별 콘크리트의 초기동해 피해를 입는 온도이력을 확인하고, 실험연구결과 –10℃인 외기조건에서 200 mm 두께의 슬래브는 18시간까지는 외기온에 노출되어도 콘크리트의 수화열에 의해 초기동해 피해가 발생하지 않는 것을 알 수 있었다.

This study aims to verify the method of calculating blast load making similar damage from impact loading. In this process, LS-DYNA is used for modeling beam blast test. From the analysis, the max deflection of impact test and blast analysis is similar, so this method is verified.

In this study, the investigation of the local damage evaluation method for the SC structure subjected to impact load was carried out. The conventional RC formula and SC formula to calculate wall thickness to prevent perforation were studied and compared. Finally, these results were compared with finite element analysis results using LS-Dyna, and the future direction to develop the reasonable local damage evaluation method of the NPP SC structure was suggested.

Tensile stress and strain of rear by shock wave become the cause of rear side scabbing of concrete subjected to high-velocity impact. Improvement of flexural and tensile performance by fiber reinforcement has great effect on the suppression of the rear scabbing.