Prejudice refers to ideas, beliefs, feelings, and attitudes that people have about other less familiar groups as a whole or individuals within those groups, based on their perceived group membership (e.g., race, class, gender, and religion. Prejudice has become increasingly of major importance to scientific thinking about relations between groups. However, little is known about how prejudice affects consumer buying behavior, especially regarding shopping activities that involve crossing between suppliers.

The purpose of this study was to explore how college students perceived multiliteracy experiences through the intercultural exchange project in an online EFL class. This study explored students' perceptions of the communication experiences with partners from different cultures and their intercultural understanding. Two types of data were collected from 30 Korean college students: qualitative data including activity reports, reflection notes, and final tasks; quantitative data including the responses to the perception questionnaire and intercultural sensitivity survey. Results of statistical analyses did not reveal significant differences in paired t-tests for cultural sensitivity. However, data showed that students experienced meaningful practice of multiliteracy and intercultural understanding. Students experienced four dimensions of the pedagogy of multiliteracy and improved their cultural sensitivity. Researchers suggest that EFL teachers find ways for learners to become multiliterate communicators with learning experiences of multiliteracy in English classes.

Interkulturelle Kommunikationskompetenz ist seit den 80er Jahren ein sehr zentraler und populärer Terminus, aber Studien darüber im DaF Unterricht gibt es noch nicht sehr viele. Das Zier der Arbeit besteht darin, Lehrbücher für allgemeinbildende Deutschkurse an der Universität zu analysieren, die in Südkorea verwendet werden. Auf dieser Weise sollen Elemente zur Entwicklung der interkulturellen Kommunikationskomentenz in Lehrwerken erschlossen werden. In dieser Arbeit werde ich untersuchen, wie die interkulturelle Kommunikation in den Lehrwerken vermittelt wird. Die DaF Lehrwerke werden im Moment im allgemeinbildenden Deutschunterricht an den koreanischen Universitäten für Anfänger benutzt. Warum habe ich die Lehrwerke als Untersuchungsmaterial gewählt? Sie spielen noch eine sehr wichtige Rolle im DaF unterricht und die Quantität und Qualität des interkulturellen Inhalts sind sehr bedeutend. In dieser Arbeit werden die Lehrwerke aus der Perspektive der Lernenden betrachtet: Fördert der interkulturelle Inhalt in diesen DaF Lehrwerken den Lernprozess im Hinblick auf interkulturelle Kommunkationskompetenz? Ist es dem Lernenden möglich, seine interkulturellen Fähigkeiten mit Hilfe dieser Lehrwerke zu entwickeln? Für diese Antwort habe ich eine empirische Methode verwendet, nämlich Fragebogen, der 17 ausführliche Fragen enthielt. Dafür habe ich Fragebögen an 100 Studenten in Südkorea verteilt, und beantworten lassen.

This study embraces the viewpoint that intercultural sensitivity can be efficiently increased by accepting the communication behaviors(CB) of different groups which are closely related to the components of world views. This study is to examine the CB of North Korean refugees with South Korean people in terms of intercultural sensitivity. It surveyed six North Korean refugees who could share their broad experience of CB. The results show that the participants experienced harsh communication behaviors caused by the dichotomous views, and the stereotypes due to the political impact in denial and defense stages of ethnocentrism. Although the CB based on human empathy in minimization stage was experienced, this situation was made when they tried concealing their origin or putting down their self-esteem. Also, in this stage their revealing the North Korean way of CB inadvertently caused misunderstandings and conflicts. Finally, based on the research findings, this study suggests some ways to accept the CB of North Korean refugees in terms of increasing intercultural sensitivity.

본 연구의 목적은 문화간 감수성 함양을 위해 설계된 대학 중국문화수업에 적합한 검사도구를 제안하고자 Rasch의 평정척도모형을 사용하여 양호한 문항을 선별하고 이 문항들로만 구성된 단축판을 구성하는데 있다. 이를 위해 대학생 225명의 응답자료를 분석하여, 응답범주의 적절성, 문항의 내․외적합도, 문항난이도, 피험자 능력 분포 등을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 응답범주는 5점 척도보다 4점 척도로 일 때, 문항 및 피험자 분리지수, 검사 신뢰도가 가장 높았으며, 문항난이도 분포 및 피험자 능력 분포가 적합하였다. 범주확률곡선 분석에서도 응답범주별 경계점수의 차이가 뚜렷하였다. 최종문항 선정과정에서 과적합보다 부적합 문항을 우선 삭제하였으며 해당 문항의 난이도가 그 영역의 다른 문항에 의해 측정되지 않는 문항을 재검토하였다. 최종적으로 선정된 18문항을 대상으로 단축판을 구성하였고 문항난이도를 고려하여 문항의 순서를 재배열하였다. 끝으로 단축판 검사의 활용방안과 본 연구의 제한점을 제시하였다.

This study adopts the viewpoint that understanding linguistic aspects of different groups is efficient to promote a person's world view, which leads to increasing intercultural sensitivity(IS). The first goal is to examine the IS of the entire participants who experienced different languages. The second goal is to examine the difference in IS according to students' linguistic and cultural backgrounds. This study collected and analyzed quantitative and qualitative data through surveys at a school accepting diverse languages. As a result, first, the overall IS of the participants turned out to be in the Adaptation phase(AP) indicating ethnorelative world views. Second, multicultural family students(MS) were found to have higher IS compared to general students and to face solving communication issues with students of different backgrounds in the AP. General students are first found to have some issues left in the Minimization phase they need to solve, but an indepth analysis has shown that they are also in the AP since they face solving the similar issues to MS. This study, finally, puts forward some suggestions on dealing with multicultural languages.

In this paper, we explore how English language teacher education could be envisioned in different ways if one were to adopt a ‘social’ approach toward English language education. More specifically, drawing on our experience, which we gathered as Korean faculty members of two Canadian universities, with the help of reflexive inquiry, we highlighted the importance of fostering critical intercultural competence among language teachers. Focusing on a small-scale case study of Korean teacher candidates who participated in a short-term community-based service learning in Canada, our analysis examines how to train English teachers to develop their own intercultural understanding through experiential learning activities, so they can better develop intercultural competence among their students. We argue that a critical understanding of linguistic and cultural diversity is an essential component of English language teacher education in increasingly diverse EFL classrooms across South Korea in the era of globalization, transnationalism, and multilingual/ multiculturalism.

In den Zeiten der Globalisierung und Internationalisierung unserer Lebens- und Arbeitswelt ist interkulturelle Kommunikations- und Handlungskompetenz essentiell Der schulische Deutschunterricht steht im Zuge der Globalisierung vor neuen Herausforderungen. Er muss neben der Ausbildung rein sprachlicher Qualifikationen auch auf den ständig wachsenden Austausch mit anderen Kulturen vorbereiten. Interkulturelles Lernen, das der Entwicklung interkultureller Kompetenz dienen soll, ist daher auch Bestandteil von Lehrplänen. Ziel der vorliegender Arbeit ist es, einen Lehrplan zum Erwerb interkultrueller Kompetenz im schulischen Deutschunterricht zu entwickeln. Für die Entwicklung von dem Lehrplan zum um Erwerb interkultrureller Kompetenz werden zunächst einen Dialogtext im Restaurant aus dem Schulbuch ‘Deutsch 1’ ausgewählt, und im interkulturellen Kontext analysiert. Als Ergebnisse sind im schulischen Deutschunterricht zwei Lehr- und Lernmethoden denkbar, um eine interkulturelle Kommunikation anzuregen. Dazu gehören diskursanalystische Lernmethode und Kulturassimilator.

본 논문은 1920~30년대 한국의 근대 연극 수용의 특징과 의미를 아일랜드 연극의 영향에 초점을 두고 역사적 배경과 극작가의 작품을 중심으로 살펴보고자 한다. 우선, 한국 근대 연극의 발전 과정에서 아일랜드 연극의 영향력을 검토함으로써 서구 근대 연극을 받아들이는 데 있어서 한국 지식인과 다른 아시아 지식인들의 태도 사이에 매우 중요한 차이가 있음을 이야기 할 것이다. 또한, 당시 대표적인 극작가였던 유치진과 함세덕의 작품에서 아일랜드 극장의 영향을 확인해 볼 것이다. 그들은 아일랜드극에 많은 관심을 가졌으며, 존 밀링턴 싱과 션 오케이시와 같은 아일랜드 작가의 극적 특징과 배경을 적극 활용하여 작품을 창작하였다. 결과적으로, 이 논문은 아일랜드 극작가에 대한 한국 극작가의 수용이 단순하고 고립된 하나의 연극적 현상이기보다는 당시의 정치, 사회적 가치에 대한 그들의 반응이었음을 주장하고 있다.

본 연구에서는 우리보다 40년 앞서 다문화사회로 진입한 독일에서의 사회통합 정책과 상호문화교육에 대해 살펴보았고 2000년 PISA 학업성취도 국제 비교연구 이후, 사회통합의 새로운 동력을 찾고 모든 아동들의 동등한 출발선을 보장하기 위해 이루어진 취학 전 교육기관의 개혁, 그리고 그 과정에서의 상호문화교육 강화 정책 및 독일 유아교육기관에서의 상호문화교육 사례들을 살펴보았다. 연구의 목적은 독일의 취학 전 아동들을 위한 상호문화교육 정책과 상호문화교육 사례들을 살펴봄으로써 이제 막 국가적 차원에서 지원되고 있는 우리나라 유아교육기관에서의 다문화교육에 대한 시사점들을 도출하는 것이었다. 시사점들 중에서 중요한 것들은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 상호문화교육을 실시하는 유아교육기관은 일반 아동과 이주배경 아동을 위한 공동의 교육장소로서의 역할을 넘어서서 사회통합을 위한 장으로서의 역할을 확대하고 지역사회 네트워크의 구심점이 되도록 한다. 둘째, 상호문화교육 교육과정이나 프로그램 개발 시 인위적으로 꾸며진 상황이 아니라 실제상황에서 삶에 필요한 내용을 배울 수 있도록 실제상황에서 핵심 주제를 찾고 실생활과의 연관성 하에서 의미를 찾을 수 있도록 편성한다. 셋째, 부모참여 활성화를 위하여 부모를 자원으로 인식하고 그들 자신의 상황과 자녀교육의 전문가로서 대우해 줌으로써 주체적으로 교육활동에 참여할 수 있는 여건을 만든다. 또한 다문화 부모들이 우리나라에서 동등한 권리를 가지고 살아갈 수 있도록 이들을 지역사회에 통합시키고 사회적 네트워크를 확장할 수 있도록 지원하며 부모들의 교육역량을 강화한다. 넷째, 유아기관 종사자들이 다양한 문화적 배경을 가진 아동들을 깊이 있게 이해하고 효과적인 상호문화교육을 실행할 수 있도록 단 기간의 연수가 아니라 지속적이고 내실있는 계속교육이 필요하다. 다섯째, 아동들이 불공정과 불평등 상황에 대해 자유롭게 이야기하고 자신의 생각과 느낌을 적극적으로 표현할 수 있도록 지도한다. 이 과정에서 편견에 대한 의식화와 함께 살아가는 방법을 찾을 수 있도록 반 편견교육을 실시한다.

There is increasing pressure on world language educators to expand the cultural instruction in their curriculum and to advocate for their language programs as a means to prepare learners with 21st century skills (The Four Cs: Creativity, Communication, Collaboration, and Critical thinking). In similar vein, ACTFL’s Global Competence Position Statement (2014) further described the need for language instructors to foster learners’ interactional abilities and behaviors to perform effectively and appropriately when interacting with others who are linguistically and culturally different from self. Yet many language educators are confused about best-teaching practices during this transition time from methods that focus primarily on students’ ability to use the language to communicate, to a time where it is increasingly emphasized that students should access content information through the language for meaningful cultural reflection. This paper demystifies some confusion about fostering learners’ intercultural competence in instructed language learning and concludes with a variety of tools and techniques to integrate computer-assisted language learning (CALL) and meaningful cultural inquiry at beginning levels of instruction.

With the advent of technology, telecollaborative projects have emerged that enable learners to interact with native speakers of the target language, helping them to improve both language proficiency and intercultural communicative competence (ICC). One long-lasting project is Cultura, which has been successful because of its pedagogical qualities, such as a task-based approach and collaborative learning (Furstenberg & Levet, 2014). In this study, a Cultura-inspired project was designed to foster interaction between students of Korean as a foreign language (KFL) residing in Australia and students of English as a foreign language (EFL) residing in Korea. ‘Facebook’ was used for asynchronous communication, and ‘Kakao Talk’ and ‘Facebook’ messenger were used for synchronous online chat. In order to suggest a model for designing and practicing future intercultural projects, this study focused on demonstrating the procedures for each task and examining evidence of ICC in the students’ interactions, as represented in speech acts. This study also investigated the students’ experience of the project, using surveys and interviews. The findings suggest that the students showed limited knowledge of their target culture in a word-association task on Facebook, but that their online interactions provided evidence of ICC, for example curiosity, and reflection on their own culture. Most of the students enjoyed the project, especially the online chat. However, the participants mentioned issues, such as the limited number of online interactions and lack of in-class discussions. For future practice, the use of various modes of communication and the desirability of balancing proficiency levels in the target language are discussed.

본 연구에서는 우리 보다 40년 앞서 다문화사회로 진입한 독일이 이주민의 유입으로 생겨난 문화적 충돌과 갈등 및 다양한 사회문제들을 상호문화교육을 통해 적극적으로 해결해 가면서 사회통합을 이루어내려는 노력을 살펴보았다. 독일의 상호문화 교육이 태동된 배경과 상호문화 교육의 발전과정을 살펴봄으로써 얻은 시사점을 토대로 다문화사회에 진입한 우리나라가 시행착오를 줄이면서 사회통합을 위한 지름길을 찾을 수 있고 현재 한국에서 실시되고 있는 다문화교육의 제한점과 문제점들을 극복할 수 있는 대안들을 발견하는 데 도움이 될 수 있는 몇 가지 제안을 하였다. 첫째, 문화상대주의적 관점에서 탈피해 문화를 ‘살아있는 과정’으로 인식해야 한다. 둘째, 배타적 민족중심적인 사고로부터 벗어나 세계화 시대의 핵심자질인 상호문화적 행동능력을 촉진해야 한다. 이를 위해서는 혈통주의를 공론화하여 인종차별 문제를 심도 있게 다루어 공개적 또는 감추어진 인종차별을 의식화하는 교육이 필요하다. 셋째, 자국민과 이주 배경 자녀 모두를 위한 소통의 문화교육(상호문화교육)을 실시하기 위한 교육정책 개발과 제도적 장치 마련이 시급하다. 넷째, 자국민과 이주 배경 자녀들의 상호문화적 의사소통을 위한 전환학습의 장(場)으로서의 학교의 역할을 정립해야 한다. 다섯째, 교육의 전 과정에 문화 간 대화와 소통이 이루어질 수 있는 상호문화적인 내 용과 구조로의 개혁이 필요하다. 교과서에서도 다수민뿐만 아니라 소수민도 동일화할 수 있는 기회가 제공되어야 하고 교사양성 및 교사 연수에서도 상호문화적 관점을 접목해야 한다.

The world Englishes framework gravitating around many recent models of English has initiated sharp interest in adopting intercultural awareness and its teaching/learning in English language instruction. This is because English has become ‘a heterogeneous language with multiple norms and grammars’ (Canagarajah, 2006) and no longer an international language but an ‘intercultural language’ (Sifakis, 2004). Intercultural English language teaching (IcELT) aims to create interculturally multidialectical English users among world Englishes by not only developing cultural tolerance and linguistic and cultural diversity but abating the so-called native-speakers’ linguistic and cultural dominances. For this, this article suggests eight workable IcELT guidelines which could facilitate users’ IcELT competence. This article, for its organization, first addresses why IcELT in relation to the world Englishes framework should be dealt in the contemporary ELT arena. Secondly, it suggests the eight IcELT guidelines along with some classroom techniques; thus, teachers of English language will benefit in his/her future lesson plans.

The present study has sought to analyse students’ perceptions and needs of intercultural learning in the level of college. Specifically, it examined how culture is conceived and what has been experienced and needed with regard to cultural or intercultural learning by college students. To this end, 120 students from three colleges located in Gwangju and Jeonnam area were asked to respond to a closed (4 Likert-scale) questionnaire which consists of 19 items. The major findings from the analysis are summarized as follows: (1) The students conceived culture as products rather than practices or perspectives; (2) the respondents experienced learning culture mostly in terms of products and practices as well and they are assessed by traditional test methods; and (3) the students were in favor of the multimodal and intercultural approaches to learning culture, although they have seldom learned the concepts such as intercultural communication, intercultural communicative competence etc. They wanted to learn the multiliteracy such as cultural and critical literacy too. Pedagogical implications and desirable directions of the design for teaching culture are discussed.

The goal of the present study is to examine EFL English teachers' intercultural communicative competence (ICC) and its relation to their English language proficiency (LP). Data was collected from 81 in-service and pre-service Korean English teachers (N=81) who participated in an one-month overseas training program in the U.S.A. The participants were asked to diagnose their own levels of ICC and LP through the questionnaires whose reliability and validity were confirmed by the factor analysis. The major findings from analyses were as follows: 1) in general, participants appeared to consider themselves possessing a high level of ICC, showing an average score of 3.99 out of 5.0 on the ICC questions, 2) participants' willingness and readiness to engage in different cultures/speakers were found to be in a higher level than the other four factors of ICC, such as an ability to interact in intercultural situations, an ability to identify an importance of ICC, a degree of acceptance by other cultures/speakers, and a degree of contribution to mediating intercultural situations, and 3) chi-square, correlational, and regression analyses showed significant associations between ICC and LP of the participants. Pedagogical implications and suggestions are discussed.

Foreign language education has so far put emphasis on the so-called communicative and cultural objective where learners communicate with native speakers in the foreign languages they have learned and then understand and execute the native speakers’ cultures. However, the modern society, which has rapidly become a global village with the development of the means of communication, expects foreign language education to play a new role. This new role is taking into account not only the practical aspect of the communication, but also the educational goal of cultivating the ability to properly understand others’ culture and hold a critical attitude toward one’s own culture. The intercultural approach is emerging as a new approach that enables foreign language education to achieve this goal. 2007 Amended Curriculum and 2009 Amended Curriculum used the term, “intercultural”, but did not specifically state it, and thus it was little reflected in the textbooks. As a method of practically resolving this problem, we made an intercultural teaching plan by utilizing the cultural contents in the current textbooks.

본 논문은 2014년 3월 <한국컴퓨터게임논문지>(제27권, 제1호)에 실린 "디지털 영상매체와 게임 콘텐츠를 활용한 상호문화교육 교수-학습 프로그램 개발의 필요성에 대한 이론적 검토"의 후속 연구이다. 상호문화교육을 위해 디지털 영상매체 중의 하나인 영화를 활용하는 것은 단순히 교수-학습 방법의 다양화에 기여하는데 그치지 않는다. 대학생을 대상으로 하여 문화상대성을 이해시키고 다문화 (또는 상호문화) 감수성을 증진시키는 교육에 상업영화를 적용시키는 것은 독창적이고 통합적인 상호문화교육의 장을 열어줄 수 있을 것이다. 또한 이는 문자텍스트에 주로 의존했던 전통교육의 한계를 극복하는데 도움을 줄 것이다. 현재 한국사회는 이주노동자, 결혼이민자, 북한이탈주민, 유학생 등과 같은 이질적인 문화구성원들의 유입으로 인해 여러 사회적인 도전에 직면하고 있다. 본 논문은 독일과 프랑스의 상업영화를 이용한 대학생용 상호문화교육 교수-학습 프로그램의 개발과 활용이 다문화사회로 진입단계에 한국사회를 보다 조화로운 사회로 구성하는데 도움을 줄 수 있음을 보이고자 한다. 이런 교수-학습 프로그램은 학습자에게 즐거움을 줄 뿐만 아니라, 배우려는 인간의 본능을 동시에 충족시킬 수 있다.