이 글은 형법이론 중 이원적 불법론의 관점에서 대상판결에 드러난 문 제점을 검토하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 그 수행을 위한 작업으로서 대상 판결의 내용을 분석한 결과, 대상판결이 저작물을 무단으로 업로드함으로 써 성립하는 저작권법상 공중송신권 침해죄를 계속범으로 보면서, 종래 대 법원이 판시한 방조범의 성립범위를 보다 넓힘으로써 링크 글 게시자에 대 한 공중송신권 침해죄의 방조범 성립을 긍정하고 있음을 확인하였다. 그러 나 행위불법과 결과불법을 동시에 고려하는 형법의 이원적 불법론의 관점 에서 볼 때, 대상판결의 태도는 어느 모로 보나 그 타당성을 지지하기 어 렵다. 이 글이 저작권법의 벌칙 자체나 그 적용에서 나타나는 형법이론적 문 제 전반에 관하여 살피는 것에 이르지 못한 점은 본 연구의 한계라고 할 수 있다. 이 글을 계기로 이러한 점들에 대해서까지 나아가 두루 살피고 향후 저작권법과 형법 분야 간에 상호 의견 교류가 촉진될 수 있기를 기 대한다.

위법행위를 저지른 발달장애인(이하 ‘범법 발달장애인’)은 형사사법 절차에 진입하 더라도 해당 범죄의 근본적 원인인 정신･행동 문제에 대한 치료적 개입이 이루어지지 않아 높은 재범률을 보이고 있다. 본 연구에서는 현 상황에 대한 하나의 대안으로, 형 사사법 절차의 과정 중에 범법 발달장애인을 지역사회의 적절한 의료･복지자원으로 연결하여 치료 및 재활 서비스를 제공하는 통합적 연계전환(diversion) 모형을 제안 하였다. 먼저 Ⅰ장에서는 범법 발달장애인의 재범 방지를 위한 적절한 치료 연계의 필요성 을 개괄하였다. Ⅱ장에서는 대표적인 ‘사회 내 처우’인 치료명령과 수강명령, 보호관찰 을 중심으로, 범법 발달장애인에 대한 치료 서비스 및 연계전환의 현황과 그 한계를 검토하였다. 그리고 이에 대한 대안으로써, ｢범죄 가･피해 발달장애인의 재범 방지를 위한 개별맞춤형 지원사업(PSRP)｣의 수평적 연계전환 모형과 발달장애인 거점병원･ 행동발달증진센터로의 수직적 전달체계 모형을 연계전환 체계로 활용할 수 있는 가능 성을 탐색하였다. 이어지는 Ⅲ장에서는 ‘시설 내 처우’ 중 치료감호시설을 중심으로, 범법 발달장애인에게 제공되고 있는 치료 서비스 및 연계전환의 현황과 그 한계를 검 토하였다. 마지막 Ⅳ장에서는 범법 발달장애인에 대한 형사사법 절차와 의료･복지자원 간의 연계전환 체계 모형을 구체적으로 제안하였다. (1) 검찰청과 발달장애인 지원센터, 장 애인복지관을 수평적으로 연결하는 PSRP 모형 및 (2) 발달장애인 거점병원･행동발달 증진센터로 이어지는 수직적 전달체계 모형을 통합하고, (3) 교정시설의 가용한 연계 전환 제도를 추가로 반영함으로써, 발달장애인 지원센터와 보호관찰소가 중심이 되는 범법 발달장애인에 대한 연계전환 모형을 도출하고자 했다.

This study aimed to examine the cause and consequence of emotional labor strategies based on the emotional labor framework. To investigate the boundary condition of the current research model, the study proposed that job autonomy would moderate the effects of emotional labor on employees' well-being. To achieve the purpose of the study, it was first tested whether neuroticism and extroversion of employees predicted the focal outcomes (i.e., burnout and work engagement) via distinct emotional labor strategies. Second, the moderation effects of job autonomy were tested for each emotional labor strategy in predicting the focal outcomes. Third, the conditional indirect effects of job autonomy on the mediation process were examined. The results revealed that surface acting partially mediated the relationship between neuroticism and burnout, whereas deep acting fully mediated the relationship between extraversion and work engagement. Regarding the moderating effects of job autonomy, it significantly moderated the relationship between surface acting and burnout and between deep acting and work engagement. In addition, from the moderated mediation effects, the conditional indirect effects of job autonomy were significant. Finally, theoretical and practical implications are discussed and limitations and future research directions were suggested.

코로나19라는 전 지구적 위기 발생 이후 지속가능발전목표(SDGs) 관 련 논의에 새로운 접근이 요구되었다. 특히 재원 발굴, 정책 효과성 문제 해결을 위한 개발 파트너십 확대 필요성이 논의되면서 인적·물적 자원, 기술을 보유한 기업이 주요 행위자로 대두되었지만 SDGs 이행 과정에서 기업의 역할에 대한 학문적 논의는 부족하다. 본 연구는 개발 파트너십 의 개념과 등장 배경, 기업이 주목받는 원인을 소개하고, 기업의 사회적 책임(CSR)을 국제개발협력 관점에서 분석하여 개발파트너십 확대에 관한 이론적 근거를 밝히고자 하였다. 주주 중심론, 이해관계자 중심론, 기업 시민론적 관점을 통합한 이론적 분석틀을 토대로 기업의 ESG와 SDGs의 연계를 제안하여 개발파트너십 확대에 관한 정책적 함의를 도출하였다. 기업이 개발 파트너십에 능동적으로 참여하기 위해서는 SDGs 이행참여 를 통한 ESG 성과 향상이 ESG 투자 확대를 유발한다는 주주 중심론, 긍정적인 기업 이미지를 창출한다는 이해관계자 중심론, 기업의 ESG 목 표와 SDGs의 연계가 국제규범과의 정합도를 향상시킨다는 기업시민론적 논의를 통합하여 기업에게 제공할 유인책을 고려할 필요가 있다.

A carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) was irradiated with a high energy electron-beam. As a result, the tensile strength of high-density polyethylene (HDPE)-based CFRTPs was significantly improved by gradually increasing the electron-beam dose. It was confirmed that the adhesion between CF and HDPE was improved and the surface properties of CF and HDPE were readily modified by electron-beam. It was verified from spectroscopic analysis that various oxygencontaining functional groups were formed on the surface of CF and HDPE by irradiation and we believe that strong attractive interactions took place among these functional groups at the interface of CFs and HDPE. Finally, it was conclusive that electron-beam irradiation provided two main effects on CFRTPs. One was cross-linking of thermoplastic resin for efficient load transfer from resin to CF and the other was formation of surface functional group and attractive interaction of these functional groups at the interface of fiber and matrix. These two effects showed synergetic contribution to enhance the mechanical properties of CFRTP.

아동기 외상은 발달 과정에서 심리적 그리고 생물학적 문제를 초래하고, 이 문제들이 사회인지 발달과 공변하여 이후 스트레스 대처에 장애물로 지속적으로 작용할 수 있다고 가정하였다. 이에 아동기 외상, 구체적으로 방임, 신체 학대 및 정서학대의 경험이 성인이 된 시점에서 지각하는 스트레스 수준에 영향을 미치는지, 그리고 그 과정에서 마음이론이 매개역할을 하는지 알아보았다. 이를 위해 대학생 155명을 대상으로 아동기 외상 및 지난 일주일 간 지각한 스트레스 수준을 측정하는 자기보고식 척도를 실시하였다. 사회인지 능력의 하나인 마음이론을 측정하는 질문 을 실시하고 필요한 경우 면담자가 힌트를 제공하는 구조화된 방식으로 측정하였다. 최종 151명을 대상으로 실시한 공변량구조분석을 통하여 마음이론의 완전매개 효과를 가정한 모형(모형 1)과 부분매개 효과를 가정한 모형(모형2)의 간명성과 부합도를 비교하였다. 완전 매개효과 모형을 보면, 마음이론이 스트레스 지각에 영향을 미치는 경로가 유의하였고, 아동기 방임이 마음이론에 영향을 미치는 경로가 유의하였다. 아동기 정서학대가 마음이론에 영향을 미치는 경로는 경향성만 나타내었고, 아동기 신체학대가 마음이론에 영향을 미치는 경로는 유의하지 않았다, 부분 매개 효과 모형을 보면, 아동기에 경험한 방임은 마음이론에 영향을 미치고, 이는 다시 스트레스 지각에 영향을 미쳤다. 아동기에 경험한 정서학대는 성인기의 스트레스 지각에 직접적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 상관분석 및 완전, 부분 매개 효과 모형에서 모두 아동기의 세 가지 유형의 외상 경험은 유의한 상호상관관계를 보였다. 모형의 간명성과 부합도를 비교한 결과에서는 최종적으로 부분 매개효과 모형이 채택되었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점, 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 논의하였다.

Inconsistent findings about role stress and performance motivates this study. Data from 240 customer service representatives (CSRs) and 27 supervisors showed that role conflicts (involving supervisors and consumers) negatively relate to performance, while CSRs’ adaptive behavior mediates the relationship. CSRs’ feedback seeking moderates effects of role conflicts on adaptive behaviors.

Introduction Business model (BM) research currently represents rapidly developing area of knowledge that helps businesses in finding new sources of competitive advantage and growth drivers. Multiple studies demonstrate that BM studies are multidisciplinary by their nature as this helps better understanding complex processes happening in real life that are described by BM research (Zott, Amit, Massa, 2011; Tikkanen et al, 2005). This means that BM research is built on a basis of strategic management, marketing, sociology, psychology, logistics, institutional economics and other disciplines. Regardless the growing amount of publications in this area (more than 6 times growth for the last 15 years reaching 2100 publications per year according to Scopus) the amount of successful BM in practice remains low. BM studies are primarily linked to the notion of value that is jointly created for the final consumer by multiple participants of the value chain (suppliers, manufacturers, distribution channels). Within the interaction of BM participants the key role is played by their orientation towards the interests of the final consumer who makes the decision on whether to acknowledge or not the created value. As value chain generally consists of multiple commercial organizations, their major interest is in making profits as a result of joint value creation activities. Therefore the key role in BM analysis is played by marketing that helps searching and offering such values for the customer that enable satisfying his needs. Multiple research in marketing confirms that long term customer orientation, cooperation of value chain actors offer companies better development opportunities and lead to better financial results as well as help increasing value generated for the final consumer. However, the current level of marketing involvement into the BM research remains low. This, in turn, significantly limits the opportunities of creating successful and sustainable BM that bring profits to the commercial units of the value chain and satisfy the needs of the final consumer. To address the existing gap the current paper explores the links between BM research and marketing which are then used to develop a new approach to BM innovation. The approach is based on value chains and interfirm relationships. Literature review Regardless large and steadily growing amount of BM publications the questions related to building a unified theoretical basis for BM research are still under discussion (Teece, 2010; Zott, Amit, Massa, 2011; DaSilva, Trkman, 2014; Baden- Fuller, Mangematin, 2015). There is a lack of alignment between the researchers on a broad spectrum of questions (such as BM definition, BM components, the relation between BM and company strategy, BM boundaries, the impact of various BM types on company performance etc). At the same time some consolidation of researchers’ positions can be observed in relation to the domination of a value component within BM definition. The questions related to BM analysis that enable to evaluate the current state of a BM, understand its key components (Hamel, 2000; Johnson, Christensen, Kagermann, 2008; Teece, 2010) and find better opportunities for BM improvement (Osterwalder, Pigneur, 2010; Girotra, Netessine, 2014) are actively researched. Many authors come to a conclusion that a BM spans the boundaries of a single firm and includes a whole complex of interaction participants – suppliers, distribution channels, final consumers. This is because cooperation of various market participants enables to significantly increase jointly created value for the customer (Nenonen, Storbacka, 2010; Zott, Amit, Massa, 2011). This understanding of a BM also leads to the need of thorough analysis of mismatches and inconsistencies between value chain participants that regularly appear in the business (Gassmann, Frankenberger, Csik, 2013; Girotra, Netessine, 2014). Regardless the existing variety of BM studies, most of the papers draw the attention to the process of value creation for the final consumer, which is a zone of marketing interests, as marketing studies the directions of identifying and satisfying customer’s needs. Therefore it is hard to imagine building successful BM oriented on the final consumer and bringing stable income to the companies participating in the BM without organic inclusion of the customer into the value chain by using methods and tools from marketing. These questions are studied within multiple relationship marketing papers (Parvatyar, Sheth, 1995; Gumesson, 1999; Juttner, Christopher, Baker, 2007; Tretyak, 2013). However, nowadays the involvement of marketing researchers in BM studies is low (only 5% of BM studies are published in marketing journals (Coombes, Nicholson, 2013)) which is also confirmed by the current study. Despite the very broad spectrum of studied questions, the importance of value acknowledgement by the customer is neglected by BM researchers. At the same time in case the value is not acknowledged, the BM loses its commercial value for the other participants as it stops bringing them profits. Therefore there is a growing need to incorporating the final consumer into the value chain, understanding its interests. This is possible in case of using the results of marketing research which is demonstrated in the current study. Research design To explore the link between marketing and BM research we review the literature on relationship marketing that is specialized on the value creation process for the customer, inclusion of the customer into the value chain, cooperation and coordination of value chain participants (Parvatyar, Sheth, 1995; Gumesson, 1999; Juttner, Christopher, Baker, 2007; Tretyak, 2013). The similarities between BM research and marketing were examined from two sides. The first examination analyzes the publications statistics of BM papers. We particularly look at the amount of BM publications in marketing journals. The classification of journals by different categories is conducted according to Scientific Journal Rankings (SJR) list. For the purpose of this analysis we use Scopus publications database and all the available articles with “business model” in title published before 2018. The relative “typicality” of these papers and journals is evaluated using citation index (number of citations per article/journal divided by total number of citations). Along with this we analyze not only journals which publish BM articles, but also the journals referring to them. The second examination looks into the actual similar attributes of marketing and BM research. The BM literature is studied through the prism of seven schools of thought that are recently proposed by (Gassmann, Frankenberger, Sauer, 2016): Activity system school (Zott, Amit), Process school (Demil, Lecocq), Cognitive school (Baden Fuller, Morgan), Technology-driven school (Chesbrough, Teece), Strategic choice school (Casadeus-Masanell, Ricart), Recombination school (Gassmann, Frankenberger, Csik), Duality school (Markides, Charitou). These seven schools provide a comprehensive outlook on major BM research tendencies that help in understanding of BM essence, structure, components, goals and objectives, BM performance evaluation, and the directions of future BM studies. Additionally to better understand BM key research trends we analyzed top 25 most cited publications according to Scopus and Ebsco publication databases (the publications with “business model” notion in title were selected). For the purpose of theoretical analysis we applied the methods of comparison, generalization, methods of grouping and classification. The basis of the current research is formed by value chains studying methods that are used in both BM and marketing studies. Results and conclusions The analysis of BM research demonstrated that BM spans the boundaries of a single firm and includes the whole complex of interaction participants that jointly create and deliver value to the final consumer - suppliers, manufacturers, distribution channels. Because of that multiple BM research papers focus on the analysis of the value chains and intercompany networks. Understanding of these specifics formed the basis of a new approach to BM innovation. It is demonstrated that the existing approaches to BM analysis and improvement don’t include the final consumer as a specific BM component, and don’t focus the attention on fulfilling his needs as well as building the mechanism of BM actors’ interaction in accordance with customer’s needs. At the same time the acknowledgement of the value by the customer defines the financial wellbeing of BM actors. Addressing these questions can significantly improve BM performance and can be done through building a link between BM research and marketing. The analysis demonstrated that only 6% of BM papers are published in marketing journals, and only 8% of studies that are citing BM research are published in marketing journals which confirms limited involvement of marketing scholars in BM research. The following similarities between BM and marketing studies were identified and explored: value chains and interfirm networks (examples of marketing studies: Tretyak, 2013; example of BM studies: Nenonen, Storbacka, 2010; Zott, Amit, Massa, 2011), cooperation and partnerships between value chain participants (examples of marketing studies: Parvatyar, Sheth, 1995; example of BM studies: Zott, Amit, 2008), coordination of value chain participants (examples of marketing studies: Juttner, Christopher, Baker, 2007; example of BM studies: Girotra, Netessine, 2014), customer orientation and customer involvement (examples of marketing studies: Gumesson, 1999; example of BM studies: Johnson, Christensen, Kagermann, 2008; Teece, 2010), long term orientation of relationship marketing and sustainable BM (examples of marketing studies: Parvatyar, Sheth, 1995; example of BM studies: Girotra, Netessine, 2014). To close the existing gap a three-level conceptual model (1st level – structure of the BM, 2nd level – mechanism of BM participants’ interactions, 3rd level – results of their interactions) and new approach to BM innovation are offered within the current study. The approach demonstrates a step-by-step sequence of actions within three previously highlighted levels and is targeted on increasing the jointly created value for the customer by the BM by eliminating mismatches and inconsistencies between BM participants. Comparing to other approaches, the new approach allows orienting BM participants towards the interests of the final consumer, acknowledges different abilities of BM actors to influence the value creation process and proposes analyzing the ways of coordination of other BM actors by the dominating actor in order to improve the results of the BM. The practical implementation of the approach demonstrated that it’s key provisions could be successfully applied within different market conditions and lead to improved BM performance (Klimanov, Tretyak, 2016; Lyashchuk, Sterligova, 2016). The following sequence of actions is proposed within the approach: 1st level - structure of the BM (a. Visualization of intercompany network with its key actors and description of their roles; b. Defining and highlighting the dominating actor (hypothesis); c. Analysis of BM variety, their classification), 2nd level - interaction mechanism (a. Defining the mechanism (concrete forms) and coordination directions that are applied by the dominating actor and other BM actors; b. Definition and analysis of mismatches and inconsistencies that appear between various BM actors, and also the ways to overcome them; c. Identifying the most critical inconsistencies, their ranking (where there is the biggest gap between the value created for the customer and the value captured by other BM actors)), 3rd level - results of BM actors’ interaction (a. Analysis of the indicators that characterize BM on various levels; b. Analysis of the impact of mismatches and inconsistencies between the BM actors on the flows’ characteristics: material, financial, customer flow). The new approach to BM innovation has multiple similarities with Activity system school that is based on the approach offered in (Zott, Amit, 2010), which views BM as a system of interdependent activities conducted by the focal firm and other value chain participants in order to create value for the customer and generate profits. The approach assumes that it is possible to analyze or develop a BM by considering the components, structure and control mechanism of the activity system. However, the approach offered in the current study is different from the Activity system perspective at the level at which the activity system is analyzed - these are components of a whole value creation system, rather than a single focal firm. Thus, the proposed approach develops the Activity system perspective by proposing the use of a marketing scheme that integrates certain aspects of BM analysis into an organic whole and offers a threelevel analysis of a BM. Considerable attention in the Activity system perspective focuses on the activities of BM participants and their interaction. The activity system design element related to transaction management also reflects one of the key elements of the new approach proposed in the current study - BM participants occupy different positions in the value chain and have different opportunities to influence the value creation process for the consumer. The highlighted similarities demonstrate that the new approach to BM innovation developed in the study is organically linked to the Activity system perspective proposed by Zott and Amit and elaborates on it.

Chemical cross-linking of different plant protein-based meat analogues was examined based on protein solubility of 8 different buffer solutions. The specific chemical bond and their interactions were further analyzed. Isolated soy protein (ISP), mung bean protein (MBP), peanut protein (PNP), pea protein (PP) and wheat gluten (WG) were texturized using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder at 50% moisture content. The results showed that protein solubility of meat analogues significantly decreased after extrusion, compared to their raw materials (P<0.05). The protein solubility of meat analogues increased with increasing reagent in buffer solutions. Hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds and their interactions were found in the structure of meat analogues. The highest amount of covalent bond was observed in PP-meat analogues followed by ISP, WG, PNP, and the lowest MBP-meat analogues. The study demonstrated that PP are valuable raw materials for the development of meat analogue, which could promote high cross-linking bonds.

음이온 교환막은 전기투석, 전기흡착식 탈염(capacitive deionization), 연료전 지 등에서 탈염과 전기 에너지 생산에 활용될 수 있다. 가교되어 있지 않은 음 이온 교환막은 물이나 유기용매에 대해 취약하거나 내구성이 약해서 장기간 사용해야 하는 경우 멤브레인의 안정성에 문제가 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 폴리 페닐렌 옥사이드계 음이온 교환막과 가교제의 종류와 실험 조건에 따라 가교하고 가교된 멤브레인의 물성과 특성을 조사하였다. 가교제의 종류로는 BADGE, m-PDA, HMDA를 사용하였다. 가교제 함량에 따른 유기용매 용해 여부와 IR 특성 피크 변화를 조사하였다. 가교결합 반응속도는 HMDA>m-PDA>BADGE 가교 제 순으로 빨랐다. 가교 전후의 이온교환용량, 함수율 등을 측정하고 비교하였다. 가교된 음이온 교환막의 내화학성과 기계적 특성이 우수하였다.

본 연구에서는 다공성 폴리에틸렌 지지체를 기반으로 세 가지 가교제를 혼합 도입한 세공충진 이온교환막을 제조 하고 역 전기투석에서 멤브레인의 특성이 발전성능에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 실험 결과, 분자 크기가 다른 가교제를 혼합 함으로써 이온교환막의 가교도 및 자유체적이 효과적으로 조절됨을 확인하였으며 상관 분석을 통해 멤브레인의 전기화학적 특성 및 이를 적용한 역 전기투석의 발전성능에 복합적인 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 특히 세공충진 양이온 교환막은 최적 가교조건에서 상용막 대비 동등 이상의 발전 성능을 나타내었으며 음이온 교환막 또한 상용막에 근접하는 우수한 성능을 나 타내었다.