The ovicidal effect of plant extract mixture (5% cinnamon extract + 10% citronella oil + 30% citrus oil + 10% derris extract + 20% neem extract + 25% penetrating surfactant) against several major insect pests was tested using the spraying method. In the case of stink bugs, eggs tended to die during hatching. When treated with a plant extract mixture (500-times solution), mortality for Halyomorpha halys, Riptortus clavatus, Eurydema dominulus, Trialeurodes vaprarorium, Bemisia tabaci, Spodoptera exigua, and Agrotis ipsilon reached as high as 100%. Therefore, it is believed that industrialization will be feasible in the future.

몇 종의 주요 농작물 해충에 대한 식물추출물(cinnamon extract 5% + citronella oil 10% + citrus oil 30% + derris extract 10% + neem extract 20% + penetrating surfactant 25%)의 살란 효과를 분무법으로 검정하였다. 노린재류의 경우 알이 부화하는 과정에서 치사하는 경향을 보였다. 식물추출물(500배액) 처리시 썩덩나무노린재(Halyomorpha halys), 톱다리개미허리노린재(Riptortus clavatus), 홍비단노린재(Eurydema dominulus), 온실가루이(Trialeurodes vaprarorium), 담배가루이(Bemisia tabaci), 파밤나방(Spodoptera exigua), 검거세미밤나방(Agrotis ipsilon) 에 대한 최종 살란 효과는 100%로 높게 나타나, 향후 산업화가 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

Globally, colon cancer is increased gradually and known as one of the major causes of cancer death. Stevia, a substitute of sugar, is known to have many components including alpha-tocopherol and anthocyanin etc, as antioxidants. This study's purpose is to investigate whether stevia plant extract can have a protective effect against colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice. Total 30 male ICR mice were divided into 2 groups; AOM/DSS treatment (control group), AOM/DSS + stevia extract (0.5%, in drinking water). After acclimation for 1 week, five weeks old mice received three intraperitoneal AOM (10 mg/kg b.w.) injections weekly for 3 weeks (0–2nd weeks of the experiment) and 2% DSS as drinking water for the next one week. AIN-76A purified rodent diet and 0.5% stevia extract water were supplied to the animals for 6 weeks. The colons of mice were collected and the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and aberrant crypts (ACs) in colonic mucosa were counted after staining with methylene blue. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in feces were determined. The numbers of ACF and ACs were significantly (p<0.01) decreased in stevia-treated group compared with the control group. The MDA concentration in feces was also significantly (p<0.01) decreased in stevia-treated group compared with the control group. In histopathology of colonic epithelium, hyperplasia of colonic epithelium was less observed in steviatreated group. These results indicate that stevia has a protective effect against colon carcinogenesis induced by AOM/DSS in mice and further study needs to illustrate the protective mechanisms.

This study was conducted to evaluate the hangover relieving effect of algae and plant complex extract. The complex extract showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging effect in a concentration-dependent manner and high antioxidant capacity (59.48%) when administered at 120 μg/mL. In addition, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities were increased according to the concentration of the complex extract. A locomotor activity test with an alcohol-complex extract mouse group showed improved motor activities over that of the alcohol-water group at 120 min post-administration. Blood was harvested from each mouse at 120 min post-administration then concentrations of alcohol and aldehyde were measured. The alcohol-extract treated group showed significantly lower (p<0.0001) alcohol (33.48 ± 0.59 μg/mL) and aldehyde (1.54 ± 0.13 μg/mL) concentrations than the alcohol-water treated group. These results suggest that the hangover relieving effects of complex extract results in increased motor activity of mice, which reduces the alcohol and aldehyde concentration in the blood.

본 연구는 약용실물 수피 추출물을 이용하여 in vitro 반추위 발효성상 및 반추위 메탄 발생에 미치 는 영향을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 공시재료는 무궁화, 음나무, 팽나무, 두충 및 후박나무 추출물을 사용하였다. McDougall’s buffer와 반추위액을 2:1 비율로 혼합한 발효액을 티모시 0.3g과 식물 추출 물이 담긴 50mL serum bottle에 혐기상태로 20mL 분주한 뒤, 39℃에서 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 및 72시 간 동안 발효하였다. 약용식물 수피 추출물을 첨가하였을 때 반추위 발효 성상(pH, 건물소화율, 암모니 아태 질소, 미생물 성장량)에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 배양 6시간대에 두충 추출물 첨가구에서 acetate의 농도가 대조구에 비해 유의적(p<0.05)으로 낮고, 메탄의 기질인 이산화탄소의 발생량이 대조 구에 비해 유의적(p<0.05)으로 낮아 메탄 저감 효과를 기대하였으나 메탄 저감효과는 없었다. 메탄생성 박테리아인 Methanogen archaea의 경우 무궁화 추출물 첨가구를 제외한 전 추출물 첨가구에서 대조구 에 비해 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높았으나 메탄발생량에는 유의적(p<0.05)인 차이가 없었다. 추후 첨가 농 도를 달리하거나 flavonoid 함량을 측정하는 실험이 필요한 것으로 사료되며, 메탄생성박테리아를 감소 시키는 연구도 추가적으로 필요할 것으로 생각된다

Oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is an important pest for stone fruits like apple, peach, pear etc. Growers usually depend on chemical insecticides to control this pest, but it causes problems like resistance, pest resurgence, and health hazard. Although various plant extracts have been known to be potential against other lepidopterans, their effectiveness against oriental fruit moth has rarely been studied. So, we evaluated toxicity of 28 methanolic plant extracts known from previous literatures in the laboratory condition. Residual toxicity against 1st instar larvae (<5 h old) were examined using glass scintillation vial method at the concentration of 2 mg/ml. Among the tested botanicals Nicotiana tabacum L. was most effective and showed 92% mortality within 20 h and LT50 value was 12.9 h followed by Allium sativum L., Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.), and Sapindus mukorossi Gaerten. which showed 88, 70, and 65% mortality within 20 h, respectively. Rhododendron micranthum Turcz., Humulus japonicus Seibold & Zucc., Nerium indicum Mill., and other extracts showed least effectiveness on 1st instar larvae of oriental fruit moth. Hence, we suggest N. tabacum, A. sativum, Z. piperitum, and S, mukorossi as botanicals to be used against oriental fruit moth.

Skin is the outermost organ and acts as a barrier between the organism and environment. Skin protects the organism from environmental insults, such as chemicals, pathogens, and UV light. Much of the protective function of skin is dependent on the epidermis, a multi-layered epithelium that is composed of various cell types such as keratinocytes and melanocytes. Keratinocytes produce protective components through a sophisticated differentiation process. Disturbance of keratinocyte differentiation is related to several skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In this study, we prepared extract of combined medicinal plants (ECMP) consisting of Taraxacum platycarpum H. Dahlstedt, Heartleaf Houttuynia, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, and root bark of Ulmus davidiana. We demonstrated that ECMP enhanced keratinocyte differentiation and barrier functionality using an in vitro cell culture system and in vivo animal test. Treatment of cultured keratinocytes with ECMP resulted in induction of keratinocyte differentiation, as evidenced by increased differentiation markers such as involucrin, loricrin, and filaggrin. In line with these results, ECMP decreased proliferation of keratinocytes cultured in vitro. ECMP applied topically to tape-stripped mouse skins accelerated reduction of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), indicating fast recovery of barrier function. Immunohistochemistry showed that ECMP increased the filaggrin level in tape-stripped mouse skins. These results suggest that ECMP may be applicable for keratinocyte differentiation-related skin diseases.

This study was determined the hair growth effect and mode of action of a complex extract (abelmo), extracted from various natural plants including Acorus calamus var. angustatus. 30 six-week old C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into three treatment groups with ten mice per treatment group repeatedly. The treatment group is a control group, and was classified into saline-applied, minoxidil 5%-applied, and abelmo-applied groups. Hair growth started from the abelmo-applied and minoxidil 5% -applied groups on the 9th day, compared to the saline-applied group. Hair growth rate was 17.06% and 19.15% in those two groups, respectively, and the abelmo-applied group's hair growth rate was higher. The density, length and thickness of hair were significantly higher in the order of abelmo-applied group, minoxidil 5%-applied group and saline-applied group on the 9th day, and hair root was strongly maintained in the abelmo-applied group. The density, length and thickness of hair in the abelmo-applied group were significantly higher by 599.8, 122.2 and 181.8% on the 9th day compared to the saline-applied group, and 166.7, 171.4 and 200.2% on the 12th day, and 136.6, 216.9 and 180.7%, respectively on the 15th day. As for hair follicle and the length of hair shaft from the dosal skin histopathology manifestation, the abelmo-applied group was more excellent than the saline-applied group and minoxidil 5%-applied group. This result actually confirmed the fact that abelmo promotes hair growth and strongly maintains hair root simultaneously.

본 연구는 항산화활성을 나타내는 식물추출물을 이용하여 가축용 사료첨가제를 개발하기 위한 목 적으로 수행되었다. 총 10가지의 식물들(익모초, 뽕나무 잎, 두충, 민들레, 엄나무, 삼백초, 꾸지뽕나 무, 감나무 잎, 헛개나무 및 가시오갈피)을 열수추출 방법을 이용하여 추출물을 준비하였고, 식물추 출물들의 총 폴리페놀, 총 플라보노이드 함량을 조사하였으며, 항산화활성을 측정하였다. 항산화활성 의 측정 후, 모든 추출물들이 혼합된 상태에서 항산화활성 향상에 효과를 나타내는 추출물들을 부분 요인실험설계법의 일종인 Plackett-Burman 실험설계법을 이용하여 선별하였으며 우수한 항산화활 성을 보이는 식물추출물들을 통계적인 방법인 혼합물실험설계법을 이용하여 조합하였고 이 조합들에 서 얻어진 반응들은 root mean square prediction error측정법을 적용하여 계산하였다. 유의적으로 긍정적효과를 나타낸 식물추출물들로는 뽕나무 잎, 감나무 잎 및 가시오갈피로 나타났다. 이 세 가지 식물추출물들의 최적 혼합비율을 도출하기 위하여 통계적인 방법을 적용한 결과로 뽕나무 잎 추출물, 감나무 잎 추출물 및 가시오갈피 추출물의 혼합비율이 0.44 : 0.28 : 0.28에서 가장 우수한 항산화활성 이 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면 통계적인 방법을 이용하여 항산화활성이 우수한 식물추출물의 조 합을 용이하게 도출할 수 있고 이를 기초로 추가적인 연구에 응용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

The toxicity of methanol extract from 28 plants toward four agricultural insect pests were examined using contact toxicity bioassay with spray methods. At a concentration of 1,000 ppm Achyranthes japonica whole body was observed strong activity against Myzus persicae. Paeonia lactiflora root and Corydalis turtschaninovii rhizome methanol extract were observed strong activity toward Tetranychus urticae. Catalpa ovata leaf and Ginkgo biloba leaf and stem methanol extracts were revealed high activity toward Nilaparvata lugens. Actium lap root methanol extract was observed moderate activity against Plutella xylostella. High or moderate insecticidal activity of plant extracts were listed in Fig.1. These plant resource, particularly plant methanol extract or insecticidal constituents, merit further as potential insect pest control agents or leads because of their great activity as a insecticide.

KNI3126 which is the eco-friendly material made by plant extracts - neem and matrine - have been evaluated for efficacies against 6 main pests and toxicity on natural enemies. Insecticidal efficacies of KNI3126 against plant hopper were above 95% at 5 days after treatment (DAT), whereas pesticidal effects against the cotton aphid were above 95% at 3 DAT and slightly decreased at 5 DAT. Insecticidal efficacy against the palm thrips resulted in lower control value as 68.1% than that of chemical insecticides. KNI3126 showed more than 95% control value against diamond back moth, suggesting that it could suppress the population of pest hard to control as eco-friendly material. Mortalities against two-spotted spider mite were about 80% at 1 DAT and over 90% at 5 DAT, respectively. For evaluation of the toxicity on natural enemies, effect against predatory natural enemy was classified as moderate selective toxicity based on the criterion of International Organization of Bio-Control (IOBC), whereas against parasitic natural enemies was found to be relatively safe. Repellent effect was weak against plant hopper, but strong against two-spotted spider mite. In the toxicity test for safety, KNI3126 was classified as the lowest level at acute oral, acute dermal and fish toxicity test and did not induce the irritancy at skin irritation test and eye irritation test.

만수국 혼식과 만수국, 잔디, 산검양옻나무, 붉나무 및 양파 등의 식물체 추출액이 토마토에서 당근뿌리혹선충의 기생에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하셔 실험을 수행하였다. 만수국을 토마토와 혼식한 실험에서는 토마토 정식 15일전에 만수국을 이식한 구가 15일 후에 이식한 구보다 당근뿌리혹선충의 발생이 적었으며, 잎과 뿌리의 추출액 처리가 혼식보다 더욱 효과적이었다. 즉 만수국 잎추출액의 원액을 토마토 정식 5일전에 처리한 구의 난낭수는 2.2개, 뿌리추출액의 원액을 처리한 구는 5.6개로서 무처리구의 129.4개보다 현저히 적었다. 또한 잔디 추출액처리의 경우에도 무처리구의 난낭수가 87.2개였던데 비하여 원액 처리구는 21개, 2배 희석액 처리구에서는 28.4개로 적었다. 산검양옻나무, 붉나무 및 양파추출액도 당근뿌리혼선충의 발생을 현저히 억제시켰는데, 무처리구의 난낭수 193.6개에 비하여 산검양옻나무 추출액 원액 5일전 처리구에서는 1.6개, 붉은나무 추출액 원액 처리구는 1.6개, 양파추출액 원액 처리구는 6.2개로서 매우 효과가 있었다. 이 실험에서 사용하는 식물체의 추출액을 토마토 정식전에 처리하는 것이 동시 또는 후에 처리하는 것보다 효과적이었으며 추출액의 농도가 높을수록 형성된 난낭수가 적었다.

Background: Hair loss related syndromes are increasing due to environmental pollution and stress. Hair care products are mainly prepared by mixing chemicals and natural extracts, such as those obtained from medicinal plants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 70% ethanol extracts from the flowers of Calendula officinalis, fruit body of Phellinus linteus, and the whole plant of Houttuynia cordata on the growth of CCD-986 cells, hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPC), and 3T3-L1 cells. Methods and Results: All sample extracts at all concentrations, except for that from P. linteus fruit body at 500㎍/㎖, were cytotoxic to CCD-986 cells. However, none of the sample extracts were cytotoxic to HFDPC. The lipid differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells regulates hair regeneration via secretion of platelet derived growth factor. The 70% ethanol extract of H. cordata whole plant promoted hair growth. Adipogenesis rate significantly increased in a treatment concentration-dependent manner. Conclusions: These results suggest that 70% ethanol extracts of C. officinalis flower, P. linteus fruit body and H. cordata could be used for the development of hair care products.