본고는 대화의 의도성을 연구 문제로 하여, 법정 대화, 易中天, 赵薇의 인터뷰 대 화를 화용론 시각에서 분석하였다. 대화의 의도성 정도 파악은 언어 배후의 의미가 대화 전체에 미치는 영향을 이해하는 데 도움을 준다. 본고는 대화 전체 화제와 단 락 화제를 통해 의도성 정도의 일차적 판단 후, 인접쌍과 화행의 분석하여 이를 의 도성과 구체적으로 연결하였다. 분석 결과 의도성이 명확한 정도는 법정 대화 > 易 中天 > 赵薇의 인터뷰 대화 순으로 나타났다. 단계별 분석을 통하여 객관적인 분석, 도식화를 통한 인터뷰 과정을 직관적으로 관찰을 시도한 점에서 의의가 있다.

In L2 pragmatics, only a few studies have examined task complexity. Furthermore, the existing studies have predominantly focused on the cognitive dimension and have lacked consistent findings. González-Lloret and Ortega (2018) and Pallotti (2019) have thereby contended that socio-interactional features be incorporated into task design. Along this line, this study investigated perceptions of L1 and L2 speakers of English regarding the difficulty of four role-play tasks with differentiated degrees of (dis)preference and imposition. Participants included 33 L1 speakers and 63 Korean L2 speakers at intermediate-level (n = 32) and high-level (n = 31). Results showed that participants’ perceived difficulty matched the design intentions exclusively affected by request size, responsibility for the problem, and persuasion across complex versions of the tasks. Moreover, the linguistic consequences of such factors entailed challenges among L2 speakers. There were also various factors that emerged for task difficulty other than the manipulated task design features, underscoring the importance of participants’ explanatory comments in L2 pragmatics.

The study aims to investigate Korean English learners' usage of pragmatic discourse markers in their impromptu speech. Korean English Learners' Spoken Corpus, abbreviated as KELSC, is the main data source for analysis(Jung, 2021). To analyze the features of pragmatic discourse markers in KELSC, three focal pragmatic discourse markers(PDM) okay, like, and so are selected and analyzed by using WordSmith 7.0(Scott, M. 2016) and Lancsbox 6.0(Brezina et al., 2021). The findings indicate that three focal PDMs okay, like, so are not appearing more frequently in the higher levels of learners, unlike previous studies. Instead, the intermediate levels of B1 and C1 used two focal PDMs, okay and like the most, respectively. However, the lowest A1 learners rarely used the focal PDMs in their speech. Two PDMs okay and so are used as a co-occurring pattern in level C while so and they have a shared collocate in level A.

본고는 부정문에 출현해서 소위 ‘강조’의 의미를 갖는 어기부사 ‘就’와 ‘才’의 화용 기능 차이를 분석했다. 화자가 ‘就’를 사용하는 것은 청자에게 자신의 입장을 일방적 으로 통보하고, 청자의 개입을 차단하기 위해서이다. 반대로 ‘才’는 담화를 시작하며 청자의 동의와 공감을 기대하는 확신 표지 ‘呢’와 결합해 화자의 발화에 대해 청자가 동의하고 공감해 주기를 바란다. 즉, 부정문에서 사용된 ‘就’는 화자의 입장만을 일방 적으로 전달하는 폐쇄적인 표지라면 ‘才’는 청자의 개입을 허용하는 열린 표지라고 할 수 있겠다.

본 논문의 목적은 대화협력원리를 통하여 『史記』 대화문에 출현하는 표경부사(表 敬副詞) ‘幸’의 함축 의미를 분석하고 어떠한 한국어 번역으로의 화행 표현이 효율적 인가를 살펴보는데 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 ‘幸’의 사전적 의미와 용법에 대해 알아보고, 화자와 청자의 맥락적 관점에서 의사소통 과정을 살펴보았다. 표경부사로 사용되 었을 때 ‘幸’은 단순히 허사의 용법으로 해석되는 것이 아닌 前後 맥락의 함축 정보에 따라 표현이 각각 달라지기도 한다. 해석과 번역은 문법적으로 같은 구조, 어휘적 으로 같은 형태의 문장일지라도 각각 내포된 의미에 따라 서로 다르게 표현된다.

본 논고는 『史記』중「本紀」,「世家」,「列傳」의 대화문을 대상으로 하여 그라이스(Grice)의 대화협력원리 이론을 통해 화자의 화용양상을 살펴보았다. 협력원리로 화자의 대화를 분석해 보면 화자의 의도가 표면적 사전중심의 의미만이 아닌 이면의 함축적 정보에 의해 청자에게 효과적인 메시지가 전달되는 것을 알 수 있다. 함축은 화용론에서는 특히 중요한 개념이다. 기존의 통사론과 의미론이 문장 혹은 표면적 연구에 머물러 있었다면 화용의 관점에서는 발 화를 통해 화자가 상대방에게 전달하고자 하는 의도에 더 큰 비중을 둔다. 따라서 본 연구의 주된 목적은 기존의 연구와 번역에서 청자에 해당하는 독자에게 제공된 表謙副詞 “竊”과 “伏”의 부족한 함축적 정보를 알아보고 고전원문의 직역이 아닌 자연스러운 한국어 번역으로써의 대안을 살펴보는 것이다.

Lee, Jung-yull. 2017. “Pragmatic Functions of Amplifiers as Response Devices in Spoken American English: A Corpus-Based Analysis”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 25(2), 103~130. The verbal behaviors of amplifiers such as very much, really, pretty, particularly, very, absolutely, totally, quite are frequently represented in descriptions of interactions between speaker and hearer. The input of the main speakers was principally explicated with regard to semantic features, including collocational restrictions, by many linguists in the past. However, this study focuses on the output of hearers in different types of talk, especially elaborating on a wide variety of pragmatic roles of the amplifiers in spoken American English. For example, the amplifiers in hearers' speech play diverse pragmatic functions as bridging devices, by indicating surprise, repair, agreement, reinforcement, enthusiasm, encouragement, satisfaction, and rapport between interlocutors. Throughout the analysis, this study suggests that although these amplifiers do not ostensibly seem to have big meanings, they play significant roles in spoken discourse.

With relevance theory and coherence theory as the theoretical basis, this paper studies the pragmatic function of Chinese-Utterance final particles: a, ba and ne and claims that the discourse function of ne is stronger than a and ba. In other words, the modality meaning of a and ba is stronger than ne. This paper also studies the reason why a, ba and ne have different pragmatic functions and concludes that the meaning of ne is mainly the meaning of mood, ne has a longer history and the grammaticalization of ne is more complete while a and ba have obvious modality meaning; they have a shorter history than ne as mood particles and their grammaticalization still continues.

Lee, Jee Won. 2017. “The Use and Discourse-Pragmatic Function of wo buzhidao in Naturally Occurring Mandarin Chinese Conversation”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 25(1). 167~192. This study investigates several aspects of Chinese (wo) buzhidao using both qualitative and quantitative methods, including its distributional properties and discourse-pragmatic functions in conversational contexts. This study has found that (wo) buzhidao occurs in conversational environments other than in reply to information questions and carries more interactive and social implications than had been previously proposed by previous studies. First, (wo) buzhidao marks the speaker’s uncertainty and concerns about the truth of the proposition expressed. Second, (wo) buzhidao constructs the speaker’s neutral position by disattending opinions, assessments, or troubles. Third, (wo) buzhidao avoids an explicit disagreement. The use of (wo) buzhidao as a stance marker allows the speaker to convey his/her consideration for the hearer’s face, and it can help to achieve a range of interactional goals. Native speakers of Mandarin Chinese employ (wo) buzhidao in conjunction with other interactive strategies to organize their speech via their recipient enabling mutual intersubjectivity.

“順著” and “沿著” are two prepositions about path of action. The minor semantic differences between them are difficult to master in Chinese learning. Based on the large-scale corpus, this article tries to compare and contrast the two words synchronically and dychronically from the semantic and pragmatical percetives. It also compare the schemata of their typical images. The preposition “順著” appeared before “沿著”，thus it was used more frequently than “沿著”. The meaning of “順著”as a verb was consistent with the meaning as a prepostion; On the contrary, “沿著”appeared later than 順著，mainly used as preposition. From the synchronic perspective, “沿著” has higher use frequency than “順著”，which is evident in scientific works and news writing. The prominent image of “順著” is the real displacement of objects, moving in a certain direction with the aid of external force. The prominent image of “沿著” highlights the process and concomitant of motion, usually in different directions, whether in a straight line or in zigzag motion. When describing the virtual movement, “順著” is less abstract than “沿著”, and the sentence with “沿著” often has a lot of metaphoric meanings.

The aim of this paper was to in vestigate the effect of pragmatic in struction on teachers' attitude toward the learning and teaching of L2 pragmatic competence. To this end, a study was undertaken in which sixteen pre- and in-service teachers as subjects took a course in sociolinguistics for a one semester-long period, and data were gathered by means of att itude scale. Attitude scale was designed on the basis of the assumption that pragmatic attitude was composed of four different components such as cognitive, affective, behavioral and teaching, and was administered on both the first day and the last day of semester. Among the findings of the study, most important, there was a stati stically significant difference only in cognitive component of pragmatic attitude, which showed a positive effect of instruction on the change in subjects' thoughts and opinions about the learning and teaching of L2 pragmatic competence. Based on the overall findings of the study, some pedagogical suggestions for fostering pragmatic instruction for EFL classes were offered.

This study attempted to examine the relationship between pragmatic transfer and the proficiency level. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the developmental pragmatic competence of Korean learners of Japanese as compared with Japanese native speakers (JNs) and Korean native speakers (KNs). Written complaints were collected from 160 people, composed of 40 JNs, 40 KNs, and 80 Korean learners of Japanese (40 intermediate level and 40 advanced level), and their pragmatic competence was analyzed quantitatively in terms of complaining strategies and the length of their complaints. We found that pragmatic transfer exists at the lower and the higher proficiency levels. But the advanced learners reflect more transfer than the intermediate learners. The results imply that increasing proficiency in the target language can apparently facilitate negative pragmatic transfer.

동사복사 구문은 현대 중국어에서 비교적 특이한 구조를 갖는 문형이다. 본고는 동사복사 구문의 화용론적 가치를 다각도로 연구하였으며 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 동사복사 구문은 정보구조에 따라 구조 강제형과 정보 보충형으로 나눌 수 있다. 구조 강제형은 정보 전달 시 반드시 동사복사 구문을 이루어야 한다. 그 구조를 이루는 성분으로는 다른 구문을 만들 수 없다. 정보 보충형은 전달하는 정보의 모호성이나 정보의 결함을 보충 설명하기 위해 구성되는 동사복사 구문이다. 둘째, 문장초점의 각조에서 보면, 동사복사 구문은 독특한 특징을 지닌다. 본고는 동사복사 구문을 기타 의미가 같은 문형으로의 변환과 비교를 통해 동사복사 구문의 화용론적 가치를 탐구하였다. 동사복사 구문은 다른 문형에 비해 문장의 초점을 쉽게 나타낼 수 있고 또 자연스럽다는 특징을 가진다. 셋째, 말을 통해 어떤 의미를 전달할 때 그 의미를 담는 문형 선택은 화자의 자유인 듯하다. 그러나 말을 할 때의 언어 환경이나 화자의 인지적인 면을 고려한다면, 화자의 문형 선택은 결코 임의적으로 이루어지는 것은 아니다. 동사복사 구문도 실제 운용될 때 언어 환경적인 요소와 화자의 인지적인 요소의 두 측면에서의 제약을 받는다.

The review of previous studies on interlanguage pragmatics reveals that they have been modelled on cross-cultural pragmatics. However, in order for interlanguage pragmatics to contribute in the area of second language acquisition, it should examine how L2 pragmatic competence develops as L2 linguistic competence increases. Therefore, interlanguage pragmatics studies should be modelled on acquisitional pragmatics. As an effort to explore developmental features of pragmatic competence by linguistic proficiency, this study investigated the speech act behaviors of three linguistically distinctive groups. A total of 159 English learners, which consisted of high school 1st and 2nd graders, university freshmen, and university seniors, participated in this study. Their written responses to the 7 situations in the Discourse Completion Test (DCT) were analyzed in terms of response length, vocabulary, request forms, and the use of please. The three groups showed different behavioral patterns in the realization of requests and complaints, utilizing different linguistic strategies to be responsive to the social factors. For future research, expanding learner population to include very low and high level learners, developing a new research tool other than DCT, a more systematic grouping by linguistic proficiency were suggested.

Most of people who are engaged in research and development find it difficult to solve the engineering problems creatively due to the lack of ideas. There are two famous methods for inventive problem solving: '"Brainstorming" and "TRIZ" Brainstorming is the most popular tool until now to find a creative solution and TRIZ is not so popular yet but leads us to a very useful and clear solution. These two methods whose goals are the same usually take quite different routes to the final solution; Those routes have their own unique advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, a creative problem solving method optimized by correlating Brainstorming and TRIZ is proposed. And this method demonstrates how rough initial ideas can be quickly refined and how a problem can be solved correctly.can be solved correctly.