해양폐기물 중 하나인 패각의 발생량은 매년 증가하고 있으나, 대부분이 해안 근처에 야적되거나 방치되어 환경적·사회적으로 문 제가 되고 있다. 천연 골재 부존량 감소에 따른 골재 대체재로서 패각이 사용된다면 재료 수송에 따른 물류비용을 효과적으로 감축시 킬 수 있어 자원 재활용을 활성화할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 3D 콘크리트 프린팅 기술을 활용한 해양 구조물의 건설 재료로서 패각 잔 골재의 사용 가능성을 분석하였다. 패각을 활용한 3D 프린팅 콘크리트는 패각 잔골재와 시멘트 풀 계면 등의 공극 요인으로 일반 콘 크리트 대비 낮은 강도를 가지기 때문에 역학적 성능 평가를 위한 미세구조 특성 분석이 요구된다. 유동성, 출력성 및 적층성을 고려하 여 3D 프린팅 콘크리트의 배합을 선정하였으며, 패각 잔골재를 활용한 3D 프린팅 콘크리트 시편의 물성과 미세구조를 분석하였다. 시편의 물성을 평가하기 위해 3D 프린터로 압축강도와 부착강도 시편을 제작하였고 강도 시험을 진행하였다. 미세구조를 분석하기 위해 고해상도 이미지를 얻을 수 있는 SEM 촬영을 수행하였으며, 히스토그램 기반 상 분리 방법을 적용하여 공극을 분리하였다. 패각 잔골재 종류에 따른 공극률을 확인하고 확률함수를 활용하여 공극 분포 특성을 정량화하였으며, 패각 잔골재의 종류에 따른 시편의 역학적 물성과 미세구조 특성 간의 상관관계를 확인하였다.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to identify a gradation control method that minimizes the volatility of recycled aggregates to maintain the quality of reclaimed asphalt mixtures. METHODS : In this study, two types (0~13 and 0~10 mm) of recycled aggregate stockpiles with an extraction viscosity of 40,000 poise and a 19 mm hot asphalt mixture with virgin aggregates are used. The test methods are evaluated for plastic deformation resistance using the Hamburg wheel-tracking test and for low-temperature crack resistance using the dynamic modulus test. In the field, the performance is evaluated via an accelerated pavement test. RESULTS : The Hamburg wheel-tracking test shows good water resistance as well as less than 5 mm of deformation. The result of a dynamic modulus test at -5 °C shows a 92.9% low-temperature crack resistance as compared with that of the 19 mm dense grade hot-mix asphalt mixture. The result of the accelerated pavement test confirms that the performances of the 19 mm dense grade hot-mix asphalt mixture and reclaimed asphalt mixture are equal owing a 1.2 cm plastic deformation. CONCLUSIONS : By evaluating the plastic deformation resistance and crack resistance of the reclaimed asphalt mixture based on a stockpile gradation controlled at 0~10 mm via an indoor test, it is discovered that the plastic deformation resistance increases partially, whereas the crack resistance remains almost unchanged. The accelerated pavement test confirms that a performance equivalent to that of a 19 mm dense grade hot-mix asphalt mixture is achieved.

천연골재의 부족으로 골재 수급이 날이 갈수록 심각해지면서 재활용 가능한 재료에 대한 사회적 관심이 높아지고 있다. 하지만 국내에서는 선진외국에 비해 순환골재에 대한 연구데이터와 그를 사용한 현장 적용실정이 매우 부족한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 현장에서 사용하는 레미콘 사의 가이드 배합에 순환골재를 전량 치환하는 배합비를 추출하여 압축강도를 평가하였 고 추출된 배합비의 순환골재 콘크리트를 원형강관 내부에 충전하여 순환골재콘크리트충전 합성기둥이 국내ㆍ국외 설계식을 반 영한 내력과 비교하여 구조부재로써 사용이 적합하다고 사료되는 결과를 얻었다. 또한, 강관의 콘크리트 구속효과로 인해 강관 내부의 콘크리트 강도가 미세하게 증가함을 확인하였다.

PURPOSES : The use of reclaimed aggregate has been recently increasing with the increase in the amount of waste asphalt concrete. The application of these materials can reduce the properties of the asphalt pavement when compared with the case when recycled aggregate is not used. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the asphalt mixtures with various mix ratios of reclaimed aggregate. METHODS : To measure the performance, the following tests using the mixtures prepared in accordance with the Korea Standards were conducted: Hamburg wheel-tracking test, third-scale model mobile loading simulator test, and dynamic modulus test. RESULTS : The test results of the Hamburg wheel-tracking test indicate that the water resistance was similar in each mixture and the plastic deformation resistance was good in the high-ratio reclaimed aggregate mixture. In the case of the third-scale model mobile loading simulator test, the plastic deformation demonstrated a high resistance in the high-ratio reclaimed aggregate mixture. The results were similar to those of the Hamburg wheel-tracking test; however, the cracking resistance was poor with a high recycled aggregate incorporation ratio. The dynamic modulus test results demonstrated excellent resistance to plastic deformation at a relatively high ratio of reclaimed aggregate admixture. The crack resistance was weakened when a high ratio of reclaimed aggregate mixture was used. CONCLUSIONS: As the reclaimed aggregate content increased, the plastic deformation resistance increased and the crack resistance decreased.

PURPOSES: Using recycled asphalt materials (called Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement: RAP) from existing asphalt pavement layers in newly constructed asphalt pavement is an essential option not only for lowering the construction budget but also for mitigating environmental pollution for society. For this reason, many pavement agencies in South Korea, the USA, and Canada have observed the effect of RAP on conventional asphalt pavement to evaluate and set proper material specifications and addable amounts. In this paper, effect of recyclable material on low-temperature performance of asphalt materials was investigated with two different mechanical tests. Among the recyclable material sources, RAP and Taconite Aggregate (TA), which is mainly produced in northern Minnesota (USA), were considered. METHODS : To evaluate the low-temperature mechanical performance of a RAP mixture, two different experimental tests (In-Direct Tensile (IDT) low temperature creep test and Semi-Circular Bending (SCB) test) were considered. The mechanical parameters creep-stiffness, relaxation modulus, fracture energy, and fracture toughness were computed then compared. RESULTS: More brittle characteristics were observed with RAP-added asphalt mixtures compared to the conventional asphalt mixtures, as expected. However, the differences of computed mechanical performances were not significantly distinct for RAP mixtures compared to conventional mixtures when the RAP proportion was around 20%, and with the addition of TA up to 20%. CONCLUSIONS : It can be concluded that up to 20% of RAP addition (along with TA up to 20%) in a virgin asphalt mixture does not provide significant performance reduction. This addable proportion can be viewed as a successful minimum level when considering the addition of RAP to hot-mix asphalt (HMA). Moreover, applying TA with RAP could offer a successful alternative for asphalt recycling and the materials industry.

Recycled aggregate is a solution to reduce construction waste and to be environmentally friendly, but concrete using it has various disadvantages in terms of structure. Therefore, the interaction effect of the two materials can be expected by filling the cyclic aggregate concrete in the CFT column. Eighteen specimens were constructed to confirm the compressive behavior of RCFT (Recylced Concrete Filled Tube) columns, which can be applied to real buildings by making high strength concrete with recycled aggregate. Variable is the shape and thickness of steel pipe, concrete strength and mixing ratio, and coarse aggregate and fine aggregate are all used as recycled aggregate. A total of three recycled aggregate concrete preformulations were used to find the optimal mixing ratio and the compressive behavior was analyzed through the load - displacement curves of RCFT columns.

The warm recycling technology has been increasingly used in many countries due to the environmental and financial benefits. In this study, the rheological and fatigue performance evolutions of warm-mix recycled asphalt materials during the secondary service period were evaluated in two scales, mixture and fine aggregate matrix (FAM). A laboratory simulation method was proposed to produce warm-mix recycled asphalt binders with various long-term aging levels for the mixture and FAM tests. The dynamic shear rheometer temperature and frequency sweep test and time sweep test were conducted to characterize the rheological and fatigue behavior of FAMs, respectively. The rheological and fatigue properties of asphalt mixtures were measured by the dynamic modulus test and semi-circular bending test, respectively. Effects of aging levels and recycling plans on different pavement performance were investigated. Performance correlations between the mixture and FAM were finally investigated by the statistical method. It is found that the secondary long-term aging causes the continuous increase in the stiffness and decrease in the viscoelasticity level in each material scale, indicating the improvement of the rutting resistance and the reduction of the fatigue resistance. The warm mix asphalt technology plays a positive role in the fatigue performance with a loss of the rutting resistance. Using the styrene butadiene rubber latex can improve different pavement performance within the whole time-temperature domain. Good performance correlations between the mixture and FAM are developed, indicating that the FAM may be the critical material scale for evaluating the rheological and fatigue performance of warm-mix recycled asphalt pavements.

Concrete using recycled aggregate instead of natural aggregate reduces environmental waste and is a future oriented material. However, use of the structure is limited to negative recognition of recycled aggregate quality. In this study, 50 MPa concrete was developed using recycled aggregate. In order to verify the possibility of using as a column member, we aimed to confirm the compressive behavior of RCFT (Recycled Concrete Filled Tube) columns filled with concrete using recycled aggregate. Circular type steel pipe was used, and concrete strength (30, 40, 50MPa) and mixing ratio were the experimental parameters. Through 72 specimen compression tests, 50MPa strength of recycled aggregate concrete was confirmed and stable behavior of 9 RCFT columns was confirmed.

OBJECTIVES: This study is to develop the optimum mixing proportions for cement concrete pavement with using recycled aggregates. METHODS: The mixture varied recycled coarse aggregates content from 50 % to 100 % to replace the natural coarse aggregates by weight. Tests for fundamental properties as a cement concrete pavement were conducted before and after hardening of the concrete. RESULTS: It was found that the variation in the amount of the recycled aggregate affected the compressive and flexural strength development, as well as the chloride ion penetration resistance. As the amount of the recycled aggregate content increased the compressive and flexural strength and the resistance to chloride ion penetration decreased. However, the resistance to freeze-thaw reaction was affected significantly. In addition, the gradation of the aggregate became worse and hence so did the coarseness factor as the recycled aggregate amount increased. CONCLUSIONS : The fundamental properties of the concrete with recycled aggregate does not seem to be appropriate when the recycled aggregate quality is not guaranteed up to a some level and its replacement ratio is over 50%. The optimized gradation of the aggregates should also be sought when the recycled aggregate is used for the cement concrete pavement materials.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the residual mortar of recycled concrete aggregate on the expansion behavior during alkali silica reaction (ASR). METHODS: In order to evaluate the net effect of residual mortar on ASR expansion behavior, two aggregate samples with the same original virgin aggregate source but different residual mortar volumes were used. ASTM C1260 test was used to evaluate the ASR expansion behavior of these two aggregates and the original virgin aggregate. RESULTS: The greater the amount of residual mortar in recycled concrete aggregates, the less is the induced ASR expansion. Depending on the amount of residual mortar in recycled concrete aggregate, the ASR expansion of recycled concrete aggregate may be less than half of that of the original virgin aggregate. CONCLUSIONS: The residual mortar of recycled concrete aggregate may lead to the under estimation of the ASR expansion behavior of the original virgin aggregate.

PURPOSES: This study aimed to analyze economic effect of recycled aggregate production on job-site airport pavement. METHODS: The validation of site recycling for waste concrete as economic efficiency is analyzed through the case study of site recycling at an O airport pavement construction. The break-even point for the cost of site recycling was estimated according to two different waste concrete processing methods such as job-site recycling and processing on commission (or plant). RESULTS: Job-site recycling cost decreases as the use rate of job-site recycled concrete aggregate increases, or the amount of concrete waste increases, but transporting distance decreases. It was shown in an O airport case that as the use rate of job-site recycled concrete aggregate exceeds 61.4 %, the job-site recycling cost is cheaper than the processing cost on commission. CONCLUSIONS : The results of this study can utilize basic data of feasibility for site recycling of waste concrete on airport pavement construction.

최근 국내 석산에서의 골재공급이 부족해지면서, 성토재 등의 저급재료로 재활용 되던 폐 콘크리트 순환골재의 용도를 점차 구조용 콘크리트 및 도로 포장재와 같은 고급재료로 재활용하기 위한 노력이 계속되고 있다. 이러한 노력의 일환으로 정부는 2009년 순환골재 품질기준을 제정하였으며, 순환골재가 기존보다 고급재료의 용도로 활용될 수 있는 제도적 기반을 마련하였으나, 현재까지 빈배합 콘크리트 기층용으로서의 순환골재의 활용은 매우 낮은 형편이다. 본 연구는 순환골재 품질기준에 규정되어 있는 빈배합 콘크리트용 순환골재의 이물질과 관련된 품질기준의 적정성을 일련의 실험을 통하여 평가하였다. 연구결과, 빈배합 콘크리트 기층용 순환골재 내의 폐 아스콘 골재는 강도에 악영향을 초래하는 반면, 아스콘의 특성으로 인하여 순환골재의 주요한 품질기준인 비중을 높이고, 흡수율 및 마모율을 오히려 낮추는 결과를 초래하여, 전체적인 순환골재의 품질을 평가하는데 큰 방해요소로 작용하였다. 따라서 이물질 함유량 기준 중, 폐 아스콘 함유량 기준은 개선의 여지가 있는 것으로 조사되어, 그 대안을 제시하였다.

Furnace slag powder used currently in Korea needs to add special functions in response to the increase of large-scale projects. In addition, it is advantageous in that it has a lower hydration heat emission rate than ordinary Portland cement and improves properies such as the inhibition of alkali aggregate reaction, watertightness, salt proofness, seawater resistance and chemical reslstance. However, furnace slag powder is not self-hardening, and requires activators such as alkali for hydration. Accordingly, if recycled fine aggregate, from which calcíum hydroxide is generated, and furnace slag, which requires alkali stimulation, are used together they play mutually complementary roles, so we expect to use the mixture as a resource-recycling construction material. Thus the present study purposed to examine the properties and characteristics of furnace slag powder and recycled aggregate, to manufacture recycled fine aggregate mortar using furnace slag and analyze its performance based on the results of an experiment, to provide materials on mortar using furnace slag as a cement additive and recycled fine aggregate as a substitute of aggregate, and ultimately to provide basic materials on the manufacturing of resource-recycled construction materials using binder and fine aggregate as recycled resources.

Furnace slag powder used currently in Korea needs to add special functions in response to the increase of large-scale projects. In addition, it is advantageous in that it has a lower hydration heat emission rate than ordinary Portland cement and improves properties such as the inhibition of alkali aggregate reaction, watertightness, salt proofness, seawater resistance and chemical resistance. However, furnace slag powder is not self-hardening, and requires activators such as alkali for hydration. Accordingly, if recycled fine aggregate, from which calcium hydroxide is generated, and furnace slag, which requires alkali stimulation, are used together they play mutually complementary roles, so we expect to use the mixture as a resource-recycling construction material. Thus the present study purposed to examine the properties and characteristics of furnace slag powder and recycled aggregate, to manufacture recycled fine aggregate mortar using furnace slag and analyze its performance based on the results of an experiment, to provide materials on mortar using furnace slag as a cement additive and recycled fine aggregate as a substitute of aggregate, and ultimately to provide basic materials on the manufacturing of resource-recycled construction materials using binder and fine aggregate as recycled resources.