Aronia has low preference because of astringent and bitter taste. Appropriate processing is essential for eating aronia. For the processing of aronia, the aim of this study is to provide basic information on the cultivar and ripening stages. Three varieties (Viking, Nero and McKenzie) were studied. We divided the stages of maturity into four levels based on color. The physicochemical properties were analyzed. In the case of hardness, the first stage of maturity was the highest, and there was no difference between varieties. As maturation progressed, brightness and yellowness gradually decreased, and redness was highest at the second stage. The sugar content was the lowest in the Viking and significantly increased with the maturity stage. The acidity was highest in the Viking. Nero showed the highest radical scavenging ability. Total polyphenols and flavonoids were the highest in Nero. The highest level was shown at the first stage by the ripening stage.

We investigated the changes in the physicochemical properties of wheat grains during ripening stage to determine the effect of the rise in average temperature on that of wheat grains. The treated average temperatures were 18.3°C(control), 19.9°C(1.6°C increase), 21.5°C(3.2°C increase) in artificial climate room from heading time to harvest. Results showed that the ripening period from heading to maturity tended to be shorter during higher temperature treatment condition. The 1,000-grain weight, grain width, number of florets per spike, and number of grains per spike decreased as the ripening period was shortened. Gelatinization properties were affected by high temperature due to the reduction of starch and amylose contents. As the grain filling period was shortened by high temperature treatments, the crude protein content increased. As the grain filling period was shortened by 6 days, the starch and amylose contents decreased by 10.8% and 5.4%, respectively. However, the crude protein content increased by 1.7% in such a condition. Starch content showed positive correlations between amylose and breakdown. Meanwhile, it showed negative correlations between electric conductivity of leaching water from seeds, crude protein content, peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity, and setback.

This experiment was conducted to clarify the effect of the high temperature on physicochemical properties of barley kernels during ripening stage. High temperature treatment was lasted from each 10, 17 and 24 days after heading(DAH) until the harvest time at 21oC, 24oC, 27oC in artificial climate room. The results showed that ripening period from heading to maturity was tend to be shorter at higher temperature treatment condition and at longer duration treatment condition. and 1000-grain weight was decreased as the ripening period shortened. Furthermore, gelatinization properties was changed by high temperature due to the reduction of starch and amylose contents. As the shortening of grain filling period by a high temperature treatment, the protein content was increased. In the 10 DAH at 27oC treatment, the grain filling period was shortened by 9 days. The starch contents was reduced by 5.7 %, and the protein content was increased by 5.6 % in a such condition. Protein contents was showed negative correlations with amylose, starch contents and gelatinization properties, respectively. Starch contents, however, showed positive correlations with amlyose content and gelatinization properties.

본 시험은 우리나라의 조사료자원 확대 방안을 모색하는 노력의 일환으로 대부분의 축산농가에서 조사료원으로 이용하고 있는 볏짚의 생육기별에 따른 사료가치를 구명하기 위하여 1998년 4월부터 동년 11월까지 우석대학교 부속 시험포장에서 수행하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 볏짚의 생육기별 섬유소와 조회분 함량은 벼의 생육이 진행됨에 따라 증가하였으며, 조단백질과 조회분 함량은 감소하였다. NDF 함량은 큰 변화가 없었다. 황숙기 이후 hemicellulose 함량은 크게 감소하였고, cellulose 및 lignin 함량은 증가하였다. 2. 볏짚의 성숙기별 NDF의 반추위 분해율은 출수기때 가장 빨랐고, 유숙기부터는 비슷한 경향을 보였다. ADF의 반추위 분해율은 성숙기별에 따라 큰 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 따라서 볏짚의 성숙에 따른 화학적 조성분의 변화와 반추위 분해율을 종합해 볼 때, 출수기까지의 볏짚은 아직 목질화가 완성되지 않아 섬유질의 반추위 분해속도도 빨랐고, 그 이후의 볏짚은 사료적 가치가 급속히 낮아진다고 할 수 있다.

네트 멜론 재배에 있어서 과실비대성숙기의 토양수분관리방법이 과실의 수량과 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 원더풀하계1호 품종을 플라스틱하우스 내에서 착과후 20일부터 관수개시점을 -10, -20, -30, -50, -100kPa로 각각 달리하여 검토한 결과, 경엽의 생체중은 관수량이 가장 많았던 -10kPa에서 가장 무거웠고 -100kPa에서 가벼웠으나 그 차이는 작았으며, 건물율은 100kPa구가 가장 높고 -10kPa에서 낮았다 상품수량은 -50kPa, -100kPa, -30kPa, -20kPa구 사이에는 차이가 없었으나 토양수분이 많았던 -10kPa구에서 가장 적었다. 과실의 크기는 처리간 차이가 없었으며, 당도는 -50kPa구가 15.1 。 Brix로 높았던데 비해 -10kPa구가 14.4 。 Brix로 가장 낮았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 성숙기에는 -50kPa 도달시 10mm 내외로 관수하는 것이 적당하다고 판단되었다.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of high temperature on the stem, leaf and grain of barley during the ripening period and to provide information for the development of high-temperature cultivation techniques and adaptive varieties. We used an artificial climate control facility, to provide a temperature 3℃ higher than the normal average temperature during the ripening stage. Although the maximum rate of starch synthesis was increased at high temperature by approximately 11%, the starch content was decreased, because the period of starch synthesis ended 4 days earlier. As in the case of starch synthesis, the expression of genes related to starch synthesis was increased at the early ripening stage in the high temperature treatment, however, the duration of expression tended to decrease rapidly. Furthermore, the partitioning rate of assimilation products in the panicle increased to a greater extent in the high temperature treatment than in the control. In contrast, for the stem and leaf, the partitioning rate of assimilation products decreased more rapidly in the high temperature treatment than in the control. On the basis of these results, it can be considered that the translocation rate of assimilation products increased to a greater extent in the high temperature treatment than in the control at the early ripening stage. These results indicate that the decrease in grain weight at high temperature during the ripening stage is attributable to an increase in the speed of starch synthesis at high temperature, but the increase in ripening speed does not compensate for the shortening of the ripening period. Finally to develop varieties and cultivation techniques suited to high temperature, we need to focus on physiological characteristics related to the duration of starch synthesis.

The increase in the frequency of occurrence of abnormal weather could include severe rainfall, which could cause rice submergence during the ripening stage. This experiment was conducted to clarify the effects of submergence during the ripening period on yield and quality of rice. The flooding treatment was conducted at 7 and 14 days after heading. Flooding conditions were created with two conditions, flag leaf exposed and overhead flooding, and each condition was divided into two conditions according to water quality—clear and muddy. Although the yield decrease was more severe at 7 days after heading because of the decrease in the ripening ratio, the head rice ratio was more affected at 14 days after heading because of the increase in the chalky kernel ratio. The maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), which indicates the photosynthetic efficiency, did not differ before and after the flooding treatment until flooding continued for 4 days. In addition, stem elongation occurred because of flooding as an avoidance mechanism in japonica rice. This phenomenon was expected to decrease the supply of assimilation products to the spikelet (sink). Overall, it was suggested that additional experiments should be conducted examining the change in the starch synthesis mechanism and transfer of assimilate products resulting from submergence, for development of cultivation techniques corresponding to submergence and breeding of varieties with submergence tolerance characteristics.

The influence of rainfall during the ripening stage on pre-harvest sprouting, seed viability, and seed quality was investigated in two Korean rice cultivars, Shindongjin and Hopum. When the rainfall was artificially treated in a greenhouse, HP started to pre-harvest sprouting at three days of rainfall treatment (DRT), but Shindongjin did not show pre-harvest sprouting at 40 DAH treatment and just 0.3~0.8% at 50 DAH, which was much lower than 15.3~ 25.8% of Hopum in the same treatment. After harvest, the seed germination of Hopum decreased about 10~25% compared to non-treated seeds, but that of Shindongjin decreased much little rate than that of Hopum. The seed longevity tested by accelerated aging decreased with prolonged rainfall period in both cultivars, but the varietal difference was clear; Shindongjin could withstand longer accelerated aging than Hopum. Shindongjin maintained its germination (>50%) ability after 15 days of accelerated aging regardless of the rainfall treatment period and time, but Hopum dropped below 50% germination ability after only 5 days of accelerated aging. In conclusion, rainfall during the ripening stage induced not only pre-harvest sprouting, but also reduced seed quality and longevity during storage, which varied between two cultivars.

Pre-climacteric 단계의 '대석조생' 자두(Prunus salicina L.)를 착색정도 따라 3단계로 구분하여 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, for 24 hours at )을 처리한 후 에서 유통시키면서 에틸렌 생성 량, 호흡량 경도, 산도, 색도 변화 등의 품질변화를 관찰하였다. 1-MCP처리에 의한 에틸렌 생성과 호흡량 감소가 모든 숙기에서 유의성이 인정되었다. 또한 1-MCP는 숙기와 관계없이 경도, 산도

화영벼와 일품벼를 이용하여 벼멸구에 피해에 따른 농업적 특성, 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 벼멸구 피해지에서 간장 수장 및 수당립수는 차이가 없었으나, 등숙율 및 쌀수량은 무피해구에 비해 감소되어 출수기 이후의 피해가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 2. 현미의 외관품질 분석 결과 벼멸구 피해지의 정상립 비율은 감소하였고, 미숙립, 피해립 및 사미의 발생은 증가되었다. 3. 벼멸구 피해지의 쌀의 이화학적 특성 분석 결과 아밀로스 함량은 차이가 없었으나, 단백질 함량은 높았다. 최고 점도는 낮고 치반점도는 높았으며 취반시 호화특성이 불량한 것으로 나타났으며, 식미치는 낮아졌다.

벼 담수표면직파재배시 파종기 및 품종을 기상 및 재배 환경과의 관계를 구조적으로 분석하여 담수직파에서 흔히 발생하는 도복의 방상대책과 후기등숙생리를 검토한 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 초기생육형수질중에서 출아일수는 조기파종일수록 길었으며 단립면적당 입묘수 및 입묘율은 파종이 늦을수록 그리고 만생종일수록 많고 양호하였다. 2. 단립면적당 수수는 파종이 늦을수록 감소하였으며 유효경비율은 만파인 5월 21일 파종구에서 가장 낮았다. 출수개화일수는 파종기가 늦을수록 단축되었으며 등숙기간중 강우분포는 조생종의 등숙기에 많았고 중ㆍ만생종의 등숙기에는 비교적 적었다. 파종기별 및 품종의 숙기별 포장도복정도는 파종이 빠를수록, 그리고 숙기가 빠를수록 컸다. 5. 수량 및 수량구성형질은 파종이 빠를수록 많고 양호했으며 특히 등숙비율은 그차이가 뚜렸하였다.