Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)는 진단 내시경과 유사한 진정법이 사용되지만 시술의 복잡성, 질환 특성, 환자의 자세 등으로 인해 진정 관련 우발증 위험이 높아 고위험 시술로 분류된다. 시술 전 병력청취와 신체 검진을 통해 Mallampati 또는 American Society of Anesthesiologists 분류가 높을 경우 마취과 협진을 고려해야 한다. 미다졸람과 아편 유사제 병합 또는 프로포폴 기반 균형 진정은 모두 안전하게 사용 가능하며, 시술 중 활력 징후, 산소포화도, 심전도 모니터링이 필요하다. 고위험군에서는 호기말 CO2 측정을 추가할 수 있고 고유량 비강 캐뉼라, 후두 마스크 등도 고려된다. 진정제 과량 투여를 피하고 ERCP의 적응증을 신중히 검토하는 것이 중요하다.

We developed pet food ingredients for dogs by fermenting oats soaked in herbal extracts of Dendropanax morbifera and Eriobotrya japonica using Lentinula edodes KCTC 18874P mycelium. The resulting materials were analyzed for β-glucan, total polyphenol, essential amino acids, vitamins B1 and B2, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and heavy metals to confirm their beneficial components and safety during consumption. The content of (1-3),(1-4)-β-glucan ranged from 1.08 to 1.78%, with the highest content (1.51%) found in fermented D. morbifera and E. japonica using L. edodes mycelium (FMEJDMOLEM). The (1-3),(1-6)-β-glucan content ranged from 44.14% to 50.13%, with FMEJDMOLEM showing the highest content at 50.13%. The total polyphenol content was highest in FMEJDMOLEM, followed by fermented D. morbifera using L. edodes mycelium (FDMOLEM) and fermented E. japonica using L. edodes mycelium (FEJOLEM). Vitamin B1 content was significantly higher in FMEJDMOLEM, followed by FEJOLEM. FMEJDMOLEM also had the highest vitamin B2 content. The total essential amino acid content was the highest in FMEJDMOLEM, followed by FDMOLEM. FEJOLEM had the highest calcium content. The calcium-tophosphorus ratio in all the samples was below 1:0.8, meeting the standards set by the American Feed Association. Heavy metal analysis confirmed that lead and cadmium, which are hazardous to the health of dogs, were not detected in any of the samples. This study demonstrated the development of pet food materials with high levels of beneficial ingredients, such as β-glucan, appropriate calcium and phosphorus ratios, and no detectable heavy metals, ensuring both usefulness and safety. Our future research will focus on developing dog pet food using these materials, and conducting physiological activity studies to complete the development of scientific dog pet food.

In modern society, buildings are becoming more complex, and the population is becoming more densely populated. Such large buildings require a variety of evacuation measures, as there is a high possibility of large-scale human casualties due to increased evacuation distance and evacuation time in the event of a fire. Strobe light and exit sign light are used as important evacuation equipment to provide early warning and evacuation directions. In this thesis, we conducted a fire simulation assuming that a fire occurrence point notification function and a strobe light function were added to equipment such as visual alarms and evacuation guidance, and compared and analyzed the difference in evacuation completion time with existing equipment. The scenarios for the simulation were divided into “general fire situations” and “fire location and evacuation exit guidance situation” and the differences in evacuation completion time in the event of a fire were compared and analyzed for each floor from the 1st floor to the 3rd floor. The maximum travel distance to complete evacuation in the case of a fire on the first floor decreased by 80.6 m and the evacuation completion time decreased by 329.4 seconds, and the maximum travel distance to complete evacuation in the case of a second-floor fire decreased by 28.5 m and the evacuation completion time by 438.8 seconds. During the fire on the third floor, the maximum distance decreased until evacuation was completed to 3.4 m, and the evacuation completion time was reduced by 355.6 seconds. It is expected that if the congestion level of evacuation routes is reduced by utilizing the congestion level of evacuation exits when fire alarm systems and evacuation equipment are activated, the evacuation completion time will be further shortened and evacuations will be carried out quickly and safely.

LNG propulsion ships are actively being built as an eco-friendly fuel for ships, and ships with C-type LNG tanks are being widely built. In order to analyze the risk of LNG venting from operating ships and test-run ships, the flow characteristics according to operating conditions were reviewed using ANSYS FLUENT, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the distribution area exceeding the lower explosion limit of natural gas and the area where the natural gas temperature rose to 17 ° C had similarities. In addition, it was confirmed that the change in the horizontal direction was greater than the change in the vertical direction when the natural gas distribution range was changed. Since the valve opening has a greater effect than the tank pressure, if natural gas must be vented to the atmosphere inevitably, the risk can be reduced by operating the valve opening at 50% or less.

This study focuses on critical brands, design, and material functionality in contemporary golf, workwear, and outdoor clothing. The research employs a detailed case study approach, analyzing product characteristics to gauge current industry trends and predict future trajectories in functional clothing. The results reveal an industry-wide adoption of advanced materials and ergonomic design features to enhance performance, comfort, safety, sustainability and durability. A noticeable shift towards sustainability, versatility, and adaptability is also identified as a growing consumer expectation. In conclusion, the study offers an all-encompassing view of the functional apparel market, potential future trends, and concrete applications for enhancing the Korean civil defense uniform.

The aim of this study was to determine the contamination of mycotoxins and the concentration of preservatives and antioxidants in commercial pet food. 106 pet foods were purchased from online in Korea. Mycotoxin analysis were performed using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and preservatives and antioxidants were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The contamination of the mycotoxins in all samples was proved to comply with the Korea legislation with regards to animal feed, the analyses revealed presence of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone and fumonisins, with values below 1.6 ㎍/㎏, 12.1 ㎍/㎏, 478.5 ㎍/㎏ and 1873.5 ㎍/㎏, respectively. Furthermore, the simultaneous presences of different mycotoxins were observed in most of positive samples. The levels of dehydroacetic acid (DHA), sorbic acid (SA) and benzoic acid (BA) were, respectively, with values below 0.24 g/㎏, 4.82 g/㎏ and 6.35 g/㎏. The concentrations of butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) were demonstrated to be acceptable, with values below 0.04 g/㎏, and 0.02 g/㎏. This indicated the need for further investigation into the potential risk deriving from chronic exposure to low doses of mycotoxins. Additionally, a co-contamination of mycotoxins which interact in synergic manner are more concern. As DHA that not accepted was detected and very high levels of SA were identified in samples, an upper limit for preservatives in pet foods should be established in pet foods. BHA and BHT were detected within the recommended levels for antioxidant content, so these are considered as safe.

이􀀁 논문에서는􀀁 회귀분석,􀀁 VAR,􀀁 Lasso,􀀁 XGBoost􀀁 등􀀁 4가지􀀁 통계􀀁 기법을􀀁 이용하여􀀁 비트 코인과􀀁 금융시장과의􀀁 상호연관성의􀀁 정도를􀀁 밝혀􀀁 비트코인이􀀁 더􀀁 이상􀀁 안전자산이􀀁 아님을􀀁 보였다.􀀁 회귀분석에서는􀀁 비트코인의􀀁 24시간􀀁 시간별􀀁 데이터를􀀁 이용하여􀀁 미국주식시장􀀁 개장 시간대와􀀁 휴장시간대를􀀁 비교하여􀀁 비트코인의􀀁 거래량과􀀁 가격의􀀁 변동성이􀀁 통계적으로􀀁 유의 미하게􀀁 증가하는지를􀀁 분석한􀀁 결과,􀀁 미국증시􀀁 개장시간대(09:30-16:00)에􀀁 그􀀁 외의􀀁 시간대 에􀀁 비해􀀁 비트코인의􀀁 거래량은􀀁 22%,􀀁 가격변동성은􀀁 8.3%􀀁 증가하는􀀁 것으로􀀁 나타났다.􀀁 또 한􀀁 비트코인의􀀁 주별􀀁 자료를􀀁 이용하여􀀁 다양한􀀁 주식시장􀀁 지수들이􀀁 시차를􀀁 두고􀀁 비트코인􀀁 수 익률(가격증가율)과􀀁 변동성에􀀁 어떤􀀁 영향을􀀁 미치는지를􀀁 VAR􀀁 분석한􀀁 결과,􀀁 연방기준금리가􀀁 가장􀀁 직접적으로􀀁 영향을􀀁 미치는􀀁 것으로􀀁 나타났다.􀀁 한편􀀁 Lasso를􀀁 이용한􀀁 비트코인과􀀁 주요􀀁 시장의􀀁 지수들과의􀀁 상관관계의􀀁 방향성􀀁 분석에서는􀀁 비트코인의􀀁 수익률과􀀁 변동성이􀀁 금융시 장􀀁 지수들과􀀁 정확히􀀁 같은􀀁 방향으로􀀁 움직이는􀀁 것으로􀀁 나타났다.􀀁 마지막으로􀀁 XGBoost를􀀁 이 용한􀀁 분석에서는􀀁 비트코인􀀁 수익률과􀀁 변동성을􀀁 예측하는데􀀁 가장􀀁 강력한􀀁 예측변수들은􀀁 미국􀀁 주식시장의􀀁 S&P􀀁 500􀀁 지수,􀀁 나스닥􀀁 지수,􀀁 다우존스􀀁 변동성지수인􀀁 것으로􀀁 나타났다.􀀁 다양 한􀀁 계량분석􀀁 결과,􀀁 비트코인은􀀁 미국􀀁 금리와􀀁 미국􀀁 주가􀀁 움직임에􀀁 매우􀀁 민감하게􀀁 반응하고􀀁 정확히􀀁 같은􀀁 방향으로􀀁 움직여􀀁 더􀀁 이상􀀁 안전자산이􀀁 아님을􀀁 밝혔다.􀀁

한 척의 선박을 건조하기 위해서는 다양한 크기의 블록(block)들을 이동 및 탑재해야 한다. 이러한 과정에서 블록의 체결 방법 및 각 조선소 설비 특성에 맞는 다양한 기능에 부합하는 러그를 사용하고 있다. 블록 구조의 중량 및 형태에 따라서 러그의 크기와 형상이 다양하며, 샤클(shackle)이 체결되는 홀 주변에 부족한 강성을 보완하기 위하여 덧판(doubling pad)을 용접하여 구조를 보강한다. 리프팅 (lifting) 조건별 러그의 설계를 하는 방법은 보 이론(beam theory)에 의한 수계산 방법과 유한요소해석 모델링을 이용한 구조해석을 수행하고 있다. 해석적 방법의 경우, 요소의 종류와 모델링 방법에 따라서 결과 차이가 발생하여 표준화된 평가법의 정립이 필요한 상황이다. 이러한 모호한 방법론 적용 시 블록의 이동 및 반전(turn-over) 과정 중에서 심각한 안전 문제를 유발할 가능성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 러그의 실제 탑재공정에 따른 구조 응답을 평가할 수 있는 모델링 조건, 평가법을 확정하고자 다양한 변수의 영향을 수치 구조해석을 통하여 비교 및 분석하였다. 러그 홀(hole) 주변 덧판부와 용접 비드(bead)를 표현한 모델링 기법이 가장 실제적인 거동 결과를 주고 있다. 실제 러그와 동일 한 조건(용접부 비드만 주재료와 연결)의 모델링에 등가하중을 적용한 결과는 MPC 하중 적용 결과보다 낮은 최종강도를 나타낸다. 더불어 해석 시간 단축을 위해서 2차원 쉘(shell) 요소를 적용한 경우, 덧판 두께를 85% 수준으로 감소시켜서 안전사용하중을 예측할 수 있음을 확 인하였다. 논문에서 검토한 다양한 변수의 영향들 결과는 러그 설계 및 안전사용하중 예측에 근거 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

The need for an intelligent information-based ship accident prevention and control system for various marine accidents is very clearly emerging. As it is a variety of marine accidents, the causes are diverse. Therefore, it can be said that it is very important to prevent these marine accidents and their causes in advance. Therefore, a study was conducted on an intelligent information-based ship safety management decision support system that provides information necessary for decision-making at sea and land through an integrated management device for ships that informs safety-related risks in real-time ship operation. In the future, we intend to pursue the development of a system that can aim for safer and more economical ship operation by linking it to navigation instruments through the evaluation and analysis of AI, IoT, and big data.

This study analyzes the importance and implementation of countermeasures to reduce safety accidents that may occur during fishing in coastal gillnet fishing. Safety accidents that may occur in coastal gillnet fishing were classified into 56 measurement items in six areas: slips and trips, contact with machinery, falls, struck by object, musculoskeletal symptoms, and electrical shock. 35 fishermen belonging to coastal gillnet associations in Tongyeong and Namhae were selected as samples, and the importance and implementation of the proposed measurement items were investigated in the field. In addition, the results were evaluated visually by IPA analysis. As a result of the analysis, the importance of struck by object was the highest, and the implementation of slips and trips was the highest. On the other hand, prevention of musculoskeletal damage was found to be the lowest in both importance and implementation. The area with the most significant difference in importance and implementation by the classified area for measurement items was struck by object, and the area with the minor difference was slips and trips. Among the measurement items, the importance is highly recognized, but there are items with low implementation. To improve their level of implementation, countermeasures such as continuous education, economic support, and structural change of fishing boats should be prepared; moreover, policy support activities for implementation should be carried out.