To mitigate carbon emissions, the government aims to transition to renewable energy sources including hydrothermal energy, specifically through wastewater heat recovery. This process involves extracting heat from wastewater or treated water. However, assessments of demand sources for local cooling and heating have predominantly focused on the proximity of nearby facilities, without conducting comprehensive demand analyses or defining explicit supply areas. This study proposes a methodology for prioritizing suitable wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for the implementation and expansion of renewable energy. The methodology is based on the gross floor area of potential wastewater heat demand surrounding WWTPs. Initially, potential supply and demand sources were identified based on the capacity of WWTPs and the gross floor area of buildings capable of utilizing wastewater heat. In the Republic of Korea, 330 WWTPs with a capacity of 5,000 m3/day or more have been recognized as demand sources for wastewater heat recovery. The provision of treated wastewater to structures located within a 500 m radius of the WWTPs for heat recovery is considered a feasible option. The potential wastewater heat demand and renewable energy cluster were identified among the surrounding buildings and complexes A total of 13 potential supplies were identified, provided that the gross floor exceeded 60,000 m². Finally, after prioritizing based on WWTPs with these conditions, the underground plant located in the downtown area was ranked as the highest priority. If further analysis of economic feasibility, CO2 reduction, and energy efficiency are conducted, this approach can be expanded and applied within the framework the Water-Energy Nexus. Wastewater heat can be utilized not only as a renewable energy source but also as a means to enhance wastewater reuse through the supply of treated wastewater.

이동 물체의 전역 경로 탐색에 있어 출발지점과 도착지점은 반드시 필요한 조건 중 하나이다. 선박의 경로 탐색에 있어 도착 가능 지점은 부두 이외 선박의 입출항 전 대기 장소 및 선박 수리 등 다양한 목적으로 이용되는 정박지(Anchorage)도 포함될 수 있다. 이 러한 정박지는 연안 해역 환경에 따라 특정 형태로 설계된 공간으로 경로 탐색을 위한 도착지점은 선박이 정박을 위한 투묘 지점이라고 볼 수 있다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 샘플링 기반 탐색 알고리즘 중 PRM 및 계산 기하학 알고리즘을 통해 정박지라는 특정 공간에 대해 다른 선박이 점유하지 않는 공간 탐색을 통한 투묘 지점 산출 방법을 제시하였다. 또한, 개발된 알고리즘을 검증하기 위하여 국내 목포항 11번 정박지를 대상 해역으로 선정하고 시뮬레이션을 수행한 결과 다른 선박이 점유하지 않는 공간에 대해 투묘 지점을 탐색할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 선박의 의사 결정 및 VTS의 정박지 관리를 위한 지원 방안으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

본 논문에서는 신뢰성 기반 최적설계(RBDO)에서 성능함수의 비선형성을 고려한 효율적인 차원감소법(DRM)을 제안한다. 차원감 소법은 적분직교점과 가중치를 사용하여 1차 신뢰도법(FORM) 보다 더 정확하게 신뢰도를 평가하는 반면 성능함수를 추가로 해석해 야하기 때문에 적분직교점의 개수가 증가하면 효율성이 저해된다. 본 논문에서는 신뢰성 기반 최적설계에서 성능함수의 비선형도를 평가하고, 비선형도에 따라 적분직교점의 수를 결정하는 기준을 제안한다. 이를 통해 신뢰성 기반 최적설계가 진행될 때 반복마다 적 분직교점의 수를 조절하여 차원감소법의 정확도는 유지하면서 계산의 효율성은 개선하는 방안을 제안한다. 성능함수의 비선형도 평 가는 최대가능목표점(MPTP) 탐색에 사용한 벡터 사이의 각도를 통해 이루어지며, 수치 테스트를 통해 비선형도에 따른 적절한 적분 직교점의 수를 도출하였다. 2차원 수치예제를 통해 개발된 방법이 차원감소법이나 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션(MCS)의 정확도는 유지하 면서 효율성이 향상된다는 것을 확인하였다.

In this study, an evaluation system that can be used to evaluate the feasibility of developing and supplying hydrothermal energy for the operation of large-scale complex facilities was developed. To this end, this study derived factors to be considered when selecting a location for the use of hydrothermal energy using raw water from multi-purpose dams and regional water supply systems through literature survey and expert interviews. The evaluation indicators derived from this study are divided into four sectors: hydrothermal energy utilization factors, location factors, planning factors, and disaster safety factors, and are composed of 10 mid-level indicators and 34 detailed planning indicators. The relative importance of all factors was derived using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique, and the developed evaluation indicators and relative importance were applied to four multi-purpose dam regions in the country. As a result, it was found that in the development and use of hydrothermal energy utilizing regional raw water supply line the urban planning conditions of the supply site can have a greater impact on the location selection results than the hydrothermal energy development itself. Due to the characteristics of the evaluation indicators developed in this study and their nature as comprehensive indicators, it is believed that the results should be applied to determine the overall adequacy of site selection in the early stages of hydrothermal energy development. In the future, it is believed that it will be necessary to analyze the problems in supplying and operating hydrothermal energy using raw water from multi-purpose dams and regional water resources. Based on the analysis the evaluation system developed in this study is expected to be improved and supplemented.

After the major radioactivation structures (RPV, Core, SG, etc.) due to neutron irradiation from the nuclear fuel in the reactor are permanently shut down, numerous nuclides that emit alpha-rays, beta-rays, gamma-rays, etc. exist within the radioactive structures. In this study, nuclides were selected to evaluate the source term for worker exposure management (external exposure) at the time of decommissioning. The selection of nuclides was derived by sequentially considering the four steps. In the first stage, the classification of isotopes of major nuclides generated from the radiation of fission products, neutron-radiated products, coolant-induced corrosion products, and other impurities was considered as a step to select evaluation nuclides in major primary system structures. As a second step, in order to select the major radionuclides to be considered at the time of decommissioning, it is necessary to select the nuclides considering their half-life. Considering this, nuclides that were less than 5 years after permanent suspension were excluded. As a third step, since the purpose of reducing worker exposure during decommissioning is significant, nuclides that emit gamma rays when decaying were selected. As a final step, it is a material made by radiation from the fuel rod of the reactor and is often a fission product found in the event of a Severe accident at a nuclear power plant, and is excluded from the nuclide for evaluation at the time of decommissioning is excluded. The final selected Co-60 is a nuclide that emits high-energy gamma rays and was classified as a major nuclide that affects the reduction of radiation exposure to decommissioning workers. In the future, based on the nuclide selection results derived from this study, we plan to study the evaluation of worker radiation exposure from crud to decommissioning workers by deriving evaluation results of crud and radioactive source terms within the reactor core.

This study aimed to evaluate the application of the multi-criteria decision-making approach, specifically Fuzzy-TOPSIS, in agriculture official development assistance (ODA) projects. The focus of the study was to identify the optimal location for establishing the Korea Agricultural Business Innovation Center (K-ABIC) in Uganda, as part of the "Strengthening Capacity for Youth Agribusiness Development in Uganda (SCADU)" project. In this study, six decision-makers assessed four candidate locations (alternatives) based on four criteria: accessibility, potential for rent expense reduction, suitability as an office and educational facility, and sustainability. Linguistic scales were utilized and transformed into triangular fuzzy numbers. Closeness coefficients (CC) were then calculated to prioritize the optimal location, which was found to be the Technology Research Center located in Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute Kabanyolo, outside of Kampala (alternative 3). The findings of this study confirmed the applicability and usefulness of Fuzzy-TOPSIS through a real case study conducted in Uganda. The practical implementation of multi-criteria decision-making methods, such as Fuzzy-TOPSIS, is expected to contribute to resolving decision-making challenges in the field of international development cooperation.

After permanent shutdown, contamination existing in nuclear facilities must be removed according to decontamination and dismantling procedures to achieve the target end state. In Korea, Korea Research Reactor (KRR) Units 1, 2 are being decommissioned, and Kori Unit 1 is in the process of reviewing the final decommissioning plan for the start of decommissioning. In order to complete decommissioning of nuclear facilities, it is necessary to satisfy the dose criteria according to the residual radioactivity remaining in the site and buildings. In the United States, which has a lot of experience in decommissioning, Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM) is used as a procedure for measuring and analyzing residual radioactivity. In MARSSIM, survey units are classified according to the level of contamination, and the radiation survey procedure and effort can be determined according to the survey unit level. After the radiological analysis and statistical verification of the survey unit, it is decided whether to release the site. At this time, the geographical area to be used as the background level is called the reference area. Therefore, selection of an appropriate reference area is important for accurate residual radioactivity analysis and for the release of the site. In this study, reference area evaluation cases and domestic decommissioning procedures were analyzed to derive considerations for selecting an appropriate reference area. For example, Zion NPP in the US selected a place outside the boundary of the restricted area unaffected by nuclear power plant operation as a reference area by referring to the meteorological monitoring report. Among Korea’s decommissioning procedures, the appropriateness of the reference area can be confirmed through the final status report submitted upon completion of decommissioning. However, since the selection and application of the reference area needs to be reflected during decommissioning, relevant information must be updated through periodic communication between operator and regulatory agency. The results of this study will be used as considerations for selecting a reference area.

이 연구는 민선8기 지방선거에서 충청북도 도시자 후보자 토론 의제 선정 과정을 중심으로 하여 지방선거의 정책의제를 분석한다. 이를 위해 지방선거 과정에서 광역단체장인 충북 도시자 후보자 토론의제 선정 과 정 속에서 전문가 집단을 대상으로 하는 쟁점 정책의제의 도출을 위한 내용분석과 도출된 정책의제에 대한 우선순위 분석을 실시한다. 분석방 법으로는 전문가 집단을 대상으로 한 개방형 질문에 대한 답변에 대한 내용분석을 통해 분야별 쟁점 정책의제를 도출하고, 도출된 정책의제를 대상으로 AHP 분석기법을 활용하여 우선순위를 도출한다. 이를 통해 이 연구는 지방선거 과정에서의 정책방향과 경향성에 대한 논의의 중요한 근거자료를 제공하고, 이에 더해 도출된 정책의제에 대한 우선순위 분석 을 통해 지역 내에서 우선적으로 다루어질 필요가 있는 핵심 정책의제에 대한 유용한 자료를 제공한다는 의의를 갖는다.

Nuclear operators must sort out their digital assets as Critical Digital Asset (CDA) and manage their vulnerabilities. Since vulnerabilities are continually found and can be abused anytime, and the number of digital assets in nuclear facilities is increasing, it is important to collect publically-known vulnerabilities in automated mechanism to reevaluate their risks. KINAC is now in progress of establishing an automated mechanism of collecting publically-known vulnerabilities for nuclear facilities. This paper will discuss about criteria of selecting database when establishing an automated mechanism of collecting publically-known vulnerabilities for nuclear facilities. When selecting sets of vulnerability database, the characteristic of sets of digital assets need to be managed, importance of each digital asset, and where and who will use the set of digital assets should be mainly considered. Most of safety-related CDAs are made and used in the United States, and safety-related CDAs are similar to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) facilities. Therefore, the main vulnerability database used in the United States should be included when collecting the database of vulnerabilities. Especially, US government actively provides vulnerabilities of digital assets, enacting vulnerability disclosure policy to make each organization report their own potential vulnerabilities. The main vulnerability database of the US is National Vulnerability Database (NVD) of NIST. It contains over 150,000 vulnerabilities on ICT and Industrial Control System (ICS). Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) published “Cyber Security Vulnerability and Risk Management”, Addendum 5 to NEI 08-09, and informed that US-CERT, ICS-CERT, and NVD can be used as publically-known vulnerability database, and US National Regulatory Commission (NRC) endorsed the publication. In South Korea, KrCERT and National Cyber Threat Intelligence (NCTI) share publically-known vulnerabilities, however, the number of vulnerabilities are less than those of NVD, and most of the data are duplication of those of NVD. Moreover, certain portion of information are only opened to authorized organizations, so it is unable to access those databases. Therefore, considering the fact that most information of vulnerabilities of CDAs are included in NVD and ICS-CERT, vulnerability database should also contain information from NVD and ICS-CERT. Otherwise, the database must contain equivalent information compared to NVD and ICS-CERT. Furthermore, the methodology for collecting vulnerabilities of digital assets from other countries is also required to be studied in the future research.

To increase the selection efficiency for new cultivars in cut roses during breeding programs, phenotypes of seedlings in two cross combinations, C1 (Rosa hybrida ‘Yellow King’ x ‘Aladin’) and C2 (R. hybrida ‘Evelien’ x ‘Sunny Isle’), were investigated. Although most seedlings showed classic-type flower shapes, some (0.4% - 0.7%) had tomato-shaped flowers, especially at the young plant stage (6 months old). The variation in petal color was high, and pink and pink-mixed flowers were dominant, accounting for 72% in C1 and 76% in C2 at the mature plant stage (13-month-old plants). However, the seedlings had changes in the expression of petal color at different growth stages. The number of petals at the young plant stage had a strong positive correlation with those at the mature plant stage in C1 (r = 0.84***) and C2 (r = 0.73***). Sizes of flowers and petals increased with the growth of the seedlings, and their traits at the young plant stage had positive correlations with those at the mature plant stage in both C1 (r = 0.32***) and C2 (r = 0.39***). Prickle expression on stems was mostly in level 5 at the young plant stage and then dispersed to various classes at the mature plant stage, which increased the variation and coefficient of variation. To select seedlings for new cultivars through breeding processes, breeders should consider the growth stage for targeted traits.

연구자는 2025년 고교학점제 전면 도입을 앞두고 진로 탐색 역량 및 자기 주도적 학습역량 함양을 위한 중학교 한문과 교육과정과 고등학교 한문과 교육과정과의 연계성을 강화해야 한다고 생각한다. 특히, 한문과가 고교학점제 기반 진로 맞춤형 선택중심 교육과정에서 선택될 수 있도록 하기 위해서는 중학교 자유학년제에서 학생 진로 맞춤형 한문과 교육과정 토대를 마련하고, 중학생 수준에 맞는 한문과 교육과정의 집중 운영과 수업 및 평가 내실화를 통한 한문 학습의 질 제고가 필요하다. 또한, 자유학년제와 고교학점제의 공통 목표는 학생들의 미래 핵심역량 신장에 있다. 이 같은 목표를 달성하기 위해서는 중학교 한문과 교육과정을 자유학년제 비전에 맞게 수정⋅보완하고, 중학생의 진로 성숙도를 제고하여 고교학점제로 확대⋅이행될 수 있도록 학생의 관심사, 학교 여건 등을 고려하여 다양하게 재구성해야 한다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 자유학년제 주제선택 활동 관련 선행연구와 자유학년제 관련 한문과 수업 동향을 분석하여 진로 탐색을 위한 자유학년제 한문교과형 주제선택 활동을 구안하고 수업에 적용 해보고자 한다. 그리고 선행연구 분석을 토대로 구안한 진로 탐색을 위한 한문교과형 주제선택 활동 사례를 분석하여 앞으로 자유학년제에서의 한문 수업을 진로활동과 연계하여 효과적으로 운영하는 데 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.

본 연구는 스프레이 국화의 기내 대량 증식을 위한 적정 배지를 선발하고, 발근시 절편체의 부위와 순화시기가 조직배양 묘의 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행하였다. 먼저 대량증식을 위한 적정 배지를 선발하기 위해 서로 다른 조성의 식물생장조절물질을 첨가한 MS배지에 ‘Field Green’, ‘Green Diamond’, ‘Snow Pangpang’ 등 스프레이 국화 3품 종을 기내배양 하였다. 배양 6주 후의 배양체의 생육을 조사한 결과, MS+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1의 배양체의 초장이 무처리에 비해 1.5~2.0배 더 길었고, 줄기의 두께도 더 두꺼웠다. 그러나 BA 0.1 mg·L-1 이상이 첨가된 모든 배지에서는 캘러스와 다신초가 유도되었고 뿌리가 발생하지 않았으며, 신초와 마디의 길이가 짧아졌다. 따라서, MS+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1 배지가 스프레이 국화의 기내 대량증식 단계에 가장 효율적인 것으로 선발되었다. 두번째로 스프레이 국화 우량묘를 양성하기 위하 여 ‘Field Green’ 품종에서 생장점을 포함하고 있는 줄기의 선단부와 액아를 포함하는 줄기의 중단부를 각각 기내배양 한 후, 배양 2주 후부터 일주일 간격으로 순화하여 순화된 묘의 생육특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 선단부 배양체의 뿌리출현일수가 11.2일로 중단부 배양체보다 1.7일 더 빨랐으며, 순화율 과 생장의 균일성도 순화시기에 관계없이 중단부 배양체보다 더 좋았다. 또한 초장, 엽수, 줄기의 굵기, 생체중과 같은 조직 배양묘의 소질과 관련된 특성도 선단부 배양체에서 더 좋게 나타났다. 순화시기에 따른 묘 소질 조사에서는 기내배양 2주 후에 순화한 선단부 배양체의 경우 최종 조사일에 초장이 3.8±0.5 cm로 가장 짧았지만, 줄기의 굵기와 생체중은 1.5±0.2 mm와 1.3±0.3g으로 기내배양 3주와 4주 후에 순화한 묘에 비해 1.5~2.0배 더 두껍고 무거워 품질이 우수하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 스프레이 국화의 조직배양 우량묘를 양성하기 위해서는 기내 발근시 줄기의 선단부를 절편체로 사용 하고, 기내배양 2주 후에 짧고 굵은 뿌리가 발생하기 시작했을 때 순화하는 것이 적절하다.

본 연구를 통해 애완곤충산업에 이용될 수 있는 곤충 종에 대한 평가지표를 개발하였다. 분석 방법으로는 전문가 의견조사인 델파이 (Delphi) 방법을 이용하여 4개의 대분류와 9개의 중분류로 구성된 평가항목을 도출하였다. 또한, 계층분석과정(AHP)을 활용하여 애완곤충 종을 선발하기 위한 평가기준을 마련하였고, 적용 시험을 통해 점수의 체계화를 구축하였다.

This study attempts to improve the understanding of the rapidly growing online video platform market such as Youtube and OTT, and to investigate the attributes and relative importance of them. For this purpose, the factors that influence the choice to use were derived through literature studies and the Focus Group Interview (FGI), and the priority of the factors was calculated through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The upper layer of the AHP structure was ‘Relationship’, ‘Entertainment’, ‘Informativity’, and ‘Convenience’, and the lower layer was structured into 13 elements. The importance priority analysis among the factors that influence the choice to use was done by teenagers, 20s, and 30s and the results are summarized as follows : First, Users consider the ‘Just for fun’ and ‘Satisfaction of interests’ as the most important factors, followed by ‘Easy accessibility to use’, ‘Vicarious satisfaction’, ‘Usefulness of Information’, and ‘Up-to-dateness of information’. Second, the ranking of the upper layer was in the order of ‘Entertainment’-‘Informativity’-‘Convenience’-‘Relationship’.As a result of AHP,‘Entertainment’ was 3.6 times more important than ‘Relationship’. In the comparison by age group, only teenagers regarded that ‘Convenience’ is more important than ‘Informativity’. According to the characteristics of the age group, the lower layer of teenagers consider ‘Convenient function’ to be important and ranked ‘Usefulness of information’ in 8th. While ‘Vicarious satisfaction’ ranked 4th out of 13 factors in the entire age group, those in their 20s and 30s ranked 8th, showing a difference. In the case of 20s, ‘Reasonable price’ was ranked 4th and the ‘Diversity of Information’ was ranked 5th, Otherwise 30s consider ‘Trustworthiness of Information’ to the third. Third, unlike ‘Convenience’ which was the lower-rank in the upper layer AHP analysis, ‘Easy accessibility to use’, the lower-layer of convenience, ranked third overall in the importance analysis among the 13 lower-layer factors, and showed a similar patterns in the age groups results. In the conclusion, this study demonstrates that ‘Convenience’ and ‘Vicarious satisfaction’ factors, which were not relatively well addressed in the previous studies, are the key factors to be considered in. By presenting the results of the importance analysis on each of the selected attributes, This study has a practical implication that Industries such as on-line video service platform provider can use the importance priority in establishing the directions of future strategy.

PURPOSES: This study aims to review the concept of emergency road networks through previous studies and propose a risk and resilience evaluation method for selecting an emergency road network in the event of an earthquake disaster in major highways in Daejeon. METHODS : Risk assessment in consideration of the possibility, exposure, and vulnerability of relatively weak spots and sections in the event of an earthquake disaster on major highways in Daejeon Metropolitan City, and responsiveness, mitigation, and accessibility for urgent response to disaster recovery and management. The emergency road network selection method was proposed by taking into account resilience evaluation. Five levels of links were classified using the P-I method and the overall scores were calculated by considering the weighting factors. RESULTS : In the selected emergency road network, the main roads located near major disaster prevention facilities (public institutions) and response facilities (firefighting and emergency facilities) exhibited a high priority during the earthquake. In addition, highways that emphasized the speed and connectivity between the local emergency road network and the surrounding suburbs exhibited a high priority. CONCLUSIONS : To designate the emergency road network in advance, evaluation of vulnerable facilities and exposure points in the event of a disaster needs to be considered, which can be used to establish a disaster safety plan, thereby ensuring speed and continuity in disaster response.

본고는 우리나라 2015 개정 교육과정에 도입된 ‘역량기반 교육과정’을 전반적으로 이해하고, 역량기반 교육과정의 비판적 수용 측면에서 한문과 교육과정 한시 영역의 목표와 내용 ‘지식’의 선정 방향을 모색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 역량기반 교육과정은 전 세계적인 교육 변화의 화두로, 2000년대 초반부터 급부상한 미래 대비 대안적 교육과정 설계 방식이다. 역량기반 교육과정은 수많은 비판을 받아 왔지만, 그 비판들을 적극적으로 수용하여 학교 교육에 적합하도록 진화하고 있다. 역량기반 교육과정이 지속되리라는 전망에 따라, 한문과 교육과정 한시 영역의 목표와 내용 지식 선정에 있어서도 이에 대한 고려가 필요하다. 목표 설정 시, 역량기반 교육과정과 그에 대한 비판 및 한시의 특수성을 감안하여, 역량 관련 내용을 포함하도록 고려해야 한다. 내용 지식 선정 시, 역량기반 교육과정과 그에 대한 비판, 한시의 특수성 및 교육과정 실행을 고려하여, 강력하고 다양한 종류의 지식을 선정하는 것이 필요하다.

최근 들어 연구기관 및 기업에서 특허 출원 및 등록이 지속적으로 증가함에 따라 특허 관련 비용뿐만 아니라 특허의 양적 질적 관리도 매우 중요한 요소로 대두되고 있다. 따라서 기업 및 기관이 보유하고 있는 많은 특허 중에서 활용 목적에 맞는 우수 특허를 선별 하고 관리하는 것이 특허경영의 한 방안으로 강조되고 있다. 본 연구는 기업이 보유하고 있는 특허를 대상으로 QFD를 적용하여 가치 있는 우수 특허를 효과적으로 선별하는 방안을 제시하였다. QFD를 이용하여 특허를 분류하고 품질을 정량적으로 평가하기 위해서 우선 특 허에 대한 기업의 요구사항 및 특허품질 특성지표를 도출하였다. 기업의 요구사항의 경우 AHP의 쌍대비교 방식으로 중요도를 결정하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 고객의 요구를 충족시킬 수 있는 특허지표의 값을 결정하고, 이에 대한 해석 및 활용방안에 대해서 논했다. 본 연구에서 제시한 우수특허 선별 방식을 실제 기업의 보유 특허에 적용하여 결과를 비교 분석하였으며 개별 특허지표 및 특허복합지표를 통해 우수 특허를 비교적 손쉽게 선별할 수 있음을 보여 주었다.