본 연구는 PETTLEP 모델 기반 심상훈련을 기본간호학실습 교육에 적용하여 핵심기본간호술 수행자신감 및 수행능력, 자율실습 참여도에 미치는 효과를 규명하기 위한 비동등성 대조군 전후 유사실험연구 이다. 연구대상은 K도 소재 U대학교 간호학과 2학년 재학생 중 연구목적을 이해하고 연구참여에 자발적으로 동의한 74명을 무작위로 실험군과 대조군에 배정하여 자료 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS Statistics 23.0 프로그램을 이용하여 대상자의 일반적 특성은 빈도와 백분율, 정규성검정은 왜도와 첨도를 이용하였으며, 실험처치의 효과측정을 위한 종속변수 검정은 paired t-test로 분석하였다. 연구결과 PETTLEP 모델 기반 심 상훈련은 핵심기본간호술 수행자신감(t=4.18, p<.001), 핵심기본간호술 수행능력(지식(t=2.241, p=.032), 간호술기(t=8.402, p<.001)), 자율실습 참여도(t=6.822, p<.001)에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 PETTLEP 모델 기반 심상훈련은 기본간호학실습 교육에 적용 가능한 교수학습방법이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서, 핵심기본간호술 중 난이도가 높은 항목의 수행능력 향상을 위해 PETTLEP 모델 기반 심상훈련을 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The objective of this study was to develop a fashion therapy program for improving body image and self-esteem among male workers. Accordingly, the demand for fashion therapy programs was examined by conducting a literature review, survey, and in-depth interviews with men working in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas. The results are summarized as follows. The fashion therapy program followed a framework of “introduction-development-final” and was 60 minutes in length, for four sessions (one per week). The contents of the program consisted of a study of the participants’ appearance and any concerns they had about their body in Session 1. In Session 2, differences in image perception were examined according to color coding of menswear and personal color. Session 3 comprised understanding what styling is required to supplement men’s body shape and what style is suitable for each participant. The content of Session 4 determined how to build social performance or positive image using nonverbal elements. Overall, this study has great significance in that it has developed a study on fashion therapy program originally applied for psychological treatment with women that has been adapted as a program to help improve positive emotions and social competitiveness of male workers in an office environment.

The purpose of this study was to investigate brand slognas that are effective in explaining how brand identity affects consumers. The effect of congruity between brand slogan and self-image (low and high) on attitude to slogans and brands were anaylzed. The moderating effect of self-monitoring (low and high) was also investigated. Survey data from 177 people in their 20s-30s were analyzed through descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and two-way ANOVA. First, congruity between slogan and self-image had a positive effect on both slogan and brand attitude. In other words, the higher the congruity between slogan and self-image, the more positive the attitude toward the slogan and brand. Second, no interactive effect was found in congruity between slogan and self-image and self-monitoring on slogan attitude; however it was identified for brand attitude. Again, in a group with high congruity between slogan and self-image, attitude toward the brand was more positive when self-monitoring was higher than when it was low. In conclusion, brand slogans that can represent the self-image of highly self-monitoring consumers are effective. In particular, this is meaningful as it has revealed its relationship with the impact of identity self-image congruity and self-monitoring on brand attitudes in fashion brands. These results offer meaningful guidance in determining brand slogans according to consumers’ personal characteristics.

Live-streaming commerce business is growing as the consumption of video content and Smartphone shopping increases. This study examines the following three aspects: whether para-social interaction influences perceived interactivity; whether seller trust affects satisfaction with the experience; whether relationships are controlled by a moderated mediator of self-image congruity. An online survey was conducted with 203 women aged 20-30 years. They were asked to respond to the survey after watching a beauty category live-streaming commerce broadcast. The results revealed that the para-social interaction had a significant effect on perceived interactivity, seller trust and satisfaction with the experience. The findings also indicated that the perceived interactivity and seller trust mediated the relationship between para-social interaction and satisfaction with the experience. Regarding the mediated moderation effect of self-image congruity, it was statistically significant between para-social interaction and perceived interactivity through seller trust. A higher level of consumer’s self-image congruity influenced the greater effect of para-social interaction on live commerce experience. This study makes important theoretical contributions to the para-social interaction in mobile commerce industry by emphasizing the mediating role of perceived interactivity and seller trust. This is achieved by examining the moderating effects of self-congruity on satisfaction with the experience. The results also verify the seller’s crucial role in live-streaming commerce market which leads to the consumers greater fulfillment.

This paper suggests a theoretical conceptual framework focusing on the individuals' affective process of country image evaluation, through the examination of the positive relationship among the country's responsiveness to individuals A-R-C needs with, and the country's emotional attachment. The main contribution of this paper is that it is operating as countries’ “BIAS map” for their future actions and policy strategies for their individuals’ well-being safeguard.

The study aims to investigate the effects of media and self-image congruity of ideal body image on the dieting and exercising behaviors of Korean and U.S. female college students. This study focuses on the concept of self-image congruity in order to examine how respondents perceive actual and desired self-images compared to an ideal female body image selected by respondents. A self-administered survey was conducted, resulting in 331 total responses (194 from Korean students and 137 from U.S. students). The data were analyzed through descriptive analysis, t-test, exploratory factor analysis, and regression analysis using SPSS 23.0. The findings revealed significant differences between Korean and U.S. female college students. U.S. students were more exposed to body image ideals in the media than Korean students; however, Korean female students valued the information regarding ideal body image conveyed by the media more than U.S. respondents. Among Korean female students, exposure to media messages regarding ideal body image and media importance had significant effects on desired self-image congruity, while these factors were not significant among U.S. students. However, there was a negative effect of media exposure on actual self-image congruity among U.S. respondents only. Additionally, the study uncovered that Korean students manage their body image through dieting behaviors while U.S. respondents manage body image through exercise behaviors (weight training as well as cardiovascular exercise). The study provides further support for self-image congruity, which extends its applications to the body image field.

This paper selects Xi'an and Suzhou as the research objects, uses the methods of questionnaire and situational simulated method to discuss the impact of tourists' perceived destination image and self-concept congruity on intention to visit, and the moderating effect of self-construal (independent / interdependent). The Study I found the following results: the tourists' perceived destination image and self-concept congruity as well as the self-concept congruity dimensions (actual self-concept congruity, ideal self-concept congruity, social self-concept congruity, ideal social self-concept congruity) have a significant positive effect on intention to visit; the impact of ideal self-concept congruity is greater than that of actual self-concept congruity; the impact of ideal social self-concept congruity is greater than that of social self-concept congruity; and the ideal self-concept congruity has strongest impact on intention to visit. The Study II found out that: self-construal has moderating effect on this impact; the higher the actual self-concept congruity perceived by the tourists of independent self-construal, the greater the intention to visit; the higher the social self-concept congruity perceived by the tourists of interdependent self-construal, the greater the intention to visit. The research conclusion has certain reference value for building of tourism destination image, understanding of the tourism decision-making of the tourists and formulation and implementation of marketing strategies of relevant departments and enterprises.

This study investigated multidimensional body image, self-esteem, clothing benefits sought, and Body Image After Breast Cancer (BIABC) within surgical subgroups among breast cancer survivors. The study applied the questionnaire survey method and the main research was conducted through an online survey. The respondents included 207 breast cancer survivors between the ages of 30 and 59, each of whom received the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). Self-esteem, clothing benefits sought, examination, and demographic variables were measured using a 5-point Likert scale. The main results of this study are outlined below. For clothing benefit sought, six factors were formulated—pursuit of self-expression/social approval, function/health, compensation, femininity, fashion, and camouflage—and BIABC was defined by the four factors of body stigma/vulnerability, transparency, limitation and cancer concern. While MBSRQ and self-esteem did not show a statistically significant difference between groups differentiated by the surgical methods experienced, those who underwent mastectomies scored slightly lower than members of the other groups. Moreover, the reconstruction after mastectomy group showed the highest mean on self-expression/social approval, compensation, femininity and entire clothing benefits sought, followed by the lumpectomy group and mastectomy group. The lumpectomy group was found to have more positive BIABC than the mastectomy group. In particular, the mastectomy group showed a lower body stigma/vulnerability mean than the other groups. This study is meaningful in that it improves our understanding of the body image of breast cancer survivors and provides basic knowledge for developing products and marketing strategies for breast cancer survivors as consumers.

목 적 : 고자장 MRI가 보급화 되면서 자장의 불균일(field inhomogeneity)에 대한 문제점이 제기되고 있는 가운데, Echo Planner Image(EPI) 기법을 이용한 영상에서 균일화 과정을 통해 영상을 개선할 수 있는 연구의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 특히, EPI기법을 이용한 뇌 확산강조 영상 검사시, prefrontal lobe과 temporal lobe의 경우 공기와 조직 간의 경계에 있는 부위로, 자화율 차이에 따라 왜곡된 영상이 획득된다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하고 보완하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 정상인을 대상으로 T2WI와 DWI를 이용하여 파라핀 적용 전·후에 따른 자장의 불균일 보정과 영상 개선 효과를 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 본 연구는 2015년 9월부터 10월까지 참여한 정상인 10명(평균 29.6±3.84세)을 대상으로 하였다. 3.0T MR system(Discovery 750 scanner, GE Medical System, USA)와 16-channel head 코일을 이용하여 T2 강조영상(T2WI)과 확산강조영상(DWI)을 먼저 획득하였다. T2WI는 DWI와 비교하기 위한 기준 영상으로 사용되었다. 그런 다음 공기와 조직 간의 경계에 위치하는 전두엽과 측두엽에서 자화율 차이에 따른 자장의 불균일을 보정하기 위하여 인체 조직밀도와 유사한 파라핀을 head 코일과 검사자 머리에 부착하여 DWI를 얻었다. T2WI는 TR/TE= 6594/96msec를 사용하여 축상면 방향으로 영상을 획득하였다. 이때 사용된 FOV는 230×230, matrix 320×320, 2 NEX, ST 4mm로 하였고, 총 영상획득 시간은 165초였다. DWI의 영상변수로는 b-value= 1000, 0s/mm², TR/TE= 8000/62msec, FOV= 230×230, matrix= 160×160, 4 NEX, ST= 4mm로 하였으며, 이때 총 영상획득 시간은 101초였다. Image J를 이용하여 T2 강조영상(T2WI)과 확산강조영상(DWI)의 면적을 측정하였으며, prefrontal lobe 주변의 background 표준편차와 백질의 신호강도를 비교하여 SNR을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 기준 영상인 T2WI, 파라핀 적용 전 DWI(b-value 1000), 그리고 파라핀 적용 후 DWI(b-value 1000)의 평균 면적은 각각 39,843.20±1608, 35,346.70±1978 그리고 37,862.60±1852 이었다. 파라핀 적용 전 DWI(b-value 0)와 파라핀 적용 후 DWI(b-value 0)의 평균 면적은 각각 35,541.60±1981, 38,061.60±1853 이었다. T2WI와 비교하여 개인별 면적의 오차는 적용 전보다 모두 감소하였으며, 파라핀 적용 전·후 DWI SNR 평균은 b-value 1000 45.69±21.96에서 80.42±39.31 bvalue 0 89.85±45.72에서 149.90±73.41 이었다. 파라핀 적용 후 DWI의 SNR이 파라핀 적용 전에 비해 약 1.6배에서 최대 1.8배 정도 증가하였다. 결 론 : 파라핀을 적용한 확산강조영상(DWI)은 적용 전에 비해 SNR이 증가하였으며 신호소실과 왜곡이 감소되었다. 이로 인해 T2WI 비교하여 면적의 오차가 상당히 감소함을 확인하였다. 자체 제작한 보정 물질(파라핀)은 불균일한 자장 요소를 일정 이상 보완할 수 있으며, 저비용과 더불어 높은 기술력이 필요하지 않으므로 고 효율적으로 영상 신호소실과 왜곡을 개선하여 영상의 질을 향상 시킬 수 있으리라 사료된다.

Immigrants face an array of disruptions, including changes in social and religious contexts, values, norms, beliefs, behaviors, that are constantly threatening their self and social identities. How they manage those threats is crucial to their adaptation to the new cultural context, and is the main investigation of this research. Specifically, we investigated how Muslim immigrants react when they see themselves transgressing one of their cultural values. Results of Study 1 provide full support to our hypotheses that when people see themselves transgressing their in-group values, they are more concerned when the transgressing behavior is witnessed by an out-group than an in-group member. In other words, they demonstrate to be more worried in preserving the in-group image in front of an out-group member than in preserving their self-image in front of an in-group member. Further results of Study 1 also showed evidence of a new type of value affirmation mechanism. The negative emotional reaction to the transgressing behavior was reduced when the out-group member was said to have endorsed the transgressing-related cultural value.

Research Purpose This study is to clarify the image of luxury brand advertising is not equal to brand image completely, and the main purpose is to understand whether self-image congruence with luxury brand advertisement can affect the consumers’ brand loyalty. Research Background In earlier days, luxury brands were the preserve of the privileged few. But now they have become more affordable to consumers who are belong to middle-market with the problem of mass production largely solved. Now days, luxury brands play an increasingly important role in profit generation for global corporations. Atwal and Williams (2009) indicated that experiences are the central of luxury brand consumption activity, and the emotional, cognitive, and relational factors are important for luxury brand marketing. Thus, brand image is one of the most important factors for luxury brand. And, lots of scholars have proved that luxury brand has a significant positive effect on consumer purchase intention. Meenaghan (1995) identified that imagery advertising is one of the principle components of image creation. However, whether the image of the advertising is completely equal to the brand image? Most of the prior studies are only focusing on the brand image but neglect the image of the luxury brand advertising. Thus, this study is trying to emphasize the role of the image of luxury brand advertising and fill the prior research gaps. Hypotheses Theredistinguish the brand image and the advertisement image. Second is to compare the self-image with both brand image and advertisement image to understand the self-image congruence comprehensively. For the sample, we chose convenience sampling method and handed out 300 questionnaires. The totals of 248 questionnaires were used for analysis except for responses that said they had no experience of luxury brand consumption and have response error. Sample of respondents are consisting of 75% of females and 25% of males. The average of respondent's age was from 20 years old to 30 years old. The structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used to validate the research model. Research Results As assumed in hypotheses, self-image congruence with luxury brand advertisement will increase consumers’ empathy to the advertisement and luxury brand esteem. Empathy to the advertisement and brand esteem will increase the luxury brand loyalty. Implications This study focus on the image of luxury brand advertisement and proved importance of congruence between self-image and the image of luxury brand advertisement. It is important for marketers not only just use advertisement to form the brand image but also should use the advertisement to match the target consumers’ self-image.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of congruency of parent brand image with self-image, perceived risk, and product knowledge on the attitude towards extended product in fashion brand extension. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 170 female college students and collected data were subjected to descriptive analysis and regression analysis using SPSS Window program. The results of this study showed that the congruency of parent brand image with self-image and perceived risk had a positive effect on attitude towards extended product, whereas product knowledge had a negative effect on attitude towards extended product in fashion brand extension. Also, the congruency of parent brand image with self-image had a positive effect on the attitude towards extended product in fashion brand extension with positive moderating effect of perceived risk and negative mediating effect of product knowledge.

목 적 : 초급성기 뇌경색의 진단과 뇌종양의 진단 및 치료의 과정를 평가하는데 유용한 확산강조 자기공명 영상은 인체 내 세포의 미시적인 확산운동의 차이를 영상의 대조도 나타내기 위해서 초고속 영상 기법인 EPI sequence를 사용한다. 하지만 인체의 해부학적 자화감수성 차이는 고속영상기법에서 영상의 왜곡과 artifact를 발생시켜 영상의 진단적 가치를 떨어뜨린다. 이에 본 논문은 자체 제작한 phantom을 이용하여 EPI 기법에 기인한　확산강조영상의 영상왜곡과 artifact의 특성을 알아보고 그 감소방안을 알아보자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : Brain DWI 검사 시 artifact가 자주 발생하는 부위인 sphenoid sinus와 brain stem의 해부학적 구조를 모방한 phantom을 제작하였다. Single shot SE EPI sequence를 이용하여 phantom 영상을 획득하였다. 영상획득 시 phase encoding 방향과 fat shift 방향을 변경하여 영상 내의 artifact의 발생 양상과 그 변화에 대해서 알아보았다. 또한 SENSE factor 1에서 5까지 변경하고, RFOV를 100%에서 60%까지 10%씩 줄여가면서 artifact의 발생기전과 감소방법에 대해서 알아보았다. 사용된 장비는 Philips medical system의 Achieva TX 3.0T를 사용하였고, 신호수집 코일은 8 channel sense head coil을 사용하였다. Scan parameter는 FOV 256mm, measurement matrix 128×128, slice thickness 2mm, gap, 0mm 총 74개의 단면 영상을 획득하였다. 결 과 : EPI 기법으로 기인한 자화감수성 artifact와 영상왜곡은 영상단면의 phase encoding 방향을 따르고, 하나의 단면 내에서는 낮은 주파수쪽으로 이동하였으며, 또한 slice selection gradient에 따라서도 변화하였다. 확산운동의 민감성에 관여하는 확산경사자장의 세기는 artifact의 발생과 크기에 관계하지 않고 영상의 SNR과 관계하였다. 자화감수성 artifact의 감소방안은 sensitivity encoding, RFOV 기법과 같은 수집하는 영상 신호의 숫자를 감소시키는 기법을 통해서 구현할 수 있었지만, 이에 따른 SNR의 저하와 추가적인 artifact가 발생하였다. 따라서 임상에서 EPI sequence에 기인한 artifact의 감소를 목적으로 사용한다면, artifact 발생을 고려해 선택적으로 적용해야 할 것으로 생각된다. 결 론 : 최근 확산강조영상은 뇌 질환에서 뿐만 아니라 인체의 다른 장기의 질환을 진단하고 치료하는데 매우 유용하게 사용되고 있다. 본 연구를 통해서 확산강조 자기공명영상에서 발생하는 artifact의 발생기전 알아보고 그 감소방안을 찾을 수 있었다. 본 논문의 결과를 활용하여 임상에서 확산강조 자기공명영상을 획득한다면, 보다 진단적 가치가 높은 영상을 만들어 낼 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

목적: 본 연구는 Anaglyph방식의 3D 입체영상물 시청 전·후에 나타나는 입체시와 사위 및 자각증상을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 일부대학 재학생 56명을 대상으로 입체시검사결과에 따라 입체시 안정그룹 A군과 입체시 불안정 그룹 B군으로 나누었다. 30분 동안 적록안경방식의 Anaglyph방식의 3D입체영상 시청 전·후 입체시를 평 가하였다. 사위는 von Graefe 기법을 측정하였고, 입체시는 Titmus fly 검사를 이용하였다. 결과: 난시는 안정그룹(평균±표준편차: 0.52±0.40)보다 불안정그룹(평균±표준편차: -1.05±0.73) 이 높은 난시도를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다(p < 0.005). 눈의 편위는 외사위가 안정그룹(36%)에 비해 불 안정그룹에서 (64%)에서 유의하게 높은 분포를 보였다(p < 0.01). 3D영상 시청과 관련하여 불안정그룹의 입 체시각이 113.6초에서 10.3.2초로 떨어짐으로써 시청전보다 시청후의 입체시 능력이 유의하게 향상되는 것으로 나타났다(p < 0.05). 시각적 증상과 비시각적 증상에서는 안정그룹과 불안정그룹 모두 비슷한 증상을 보여 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론: 본 연구결과를 통해, Anaglyph방식의 3D 입체영상물 시청 후 입체시 능력이 어려운 사람일수록 난시도수가 높고 외사위 경향이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of store loyalty for the Internet fashion shopping malls. As determinants, this study included self-image, perceived risk, and conformity. This study hypothesized that positive self-image influences the Internet fashion shopping mall loyalty through perceived risk and conformity. Regarding the relationship between perceived risk and conformity, this study hypothesized that perceived risk positively influences conformity. Using convenience sampling method, data were gathered by surveying university students living in Seoul. Two hundred forty four questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis, and factor analysis and path analysis were conducted using structural equation modeling in analyzing data. The results showed that positive self-image significantly influenced the internet fashion shopping mall loyalty indirectly by influencing perceived risk. The results also showed that perceived risk positively influenced conformity which positively influenced the internet fashion shopping mall loyalty.

본 연구는 여대생을 대상으로 라이프스타일에 따른 화장품충동구매와 성격특성 및 자아이미지에 대하여 살펴보았다. 라이프스타일에 따른 화장품충동구매와 성격특성 및 자아이미지를 비교분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 여대생의 라이프스타일은 지적자아충실형, 활동적사회참여형, 서구적가치추구형, 생활장식선호형, 견실적가치추구형, 소극적타인지향형, 전통적 생활 추구형으로 도출되었고, 이 중 지적자아충실형, 활동적사회참여형, 서구적 가치추구형은 중요한 차원으로 나타났다. 이러한 라이프스타일의 요인을 유형화한 결과 견실적 서구 지향형,보수적 지식 추구형, 활동적 장식 선호형, 전통적 생활 추구형으로 분류되었다. 견실적 서구 지향형과 활동적 장식 선호형은 보수적 지식 추구형과 전통적 생활 추구형 보다 충동구매성향이 강한 것으로 드러났다. 성격특성과 자아이미지는 집단 간에 의미있는 차이를 나타내었다. 따라서 이들 집단들의 심리적 특성은 충동구매에 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있다.