Background: Outcome measures (OMs) are essential components of evidence- based practice as they help in implementing interventions and assessing changes in a patient's status before and after treatment. However, many therapists do not utilize OMs in their practice, and research on the factors that influence physical therapists' decisions regarding the use of OMs primarily consists of quantitative or survey-based studies. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to select research studies on OMs use among physical therapists through a systematic review, identify questionnaire characteristics, and assess the quality of items collection and research. Design: A systematic review. Methods: This study systematically collected survey studies on the use of OMs from five databases (KMBase, RISS, KCI, Pubmed, and Cochrane) based on the criteria of PRISMA's systematic review flowchart. The quality of the studies was assessed using the AXIS Tool. Results: A total of eight studies were selected. In most of the studies, the questionnaires were developed internally, validated through preliminary research, and reliability testing was not conducted. The items used within OMs were divided into 10 categories, with the highest frequency of questions centering around how to use OMs, and the lowest frequency regarding work environment and reasons. All eight studies were determined to be of good quality. Conclusion: The collected OMs questionnaires revealed variations in the item frequency. Future qualitative research and participant feedback are needed to develop a consistent questionnaire and validate its validity and reliability.

본 연구는 국내에서 재배되고 있는 절화 장미 품종들에 있 어서 바이러스 감염 여부를 검정하기 위해 실시하였다. 절화 장미의 주산지인 경기도 G시의 장미재배 농장에서 8품종을, 경상남도 C시의 장미재배 농장에서 10품종을, 전라남도 H군 의 장미재배 농장에서 14품종을, 전라북도 J군의 장미재배 농 장에서 9품종 등 총 41품종을 대상으로 ArMV, INSV, TMV, ToRSV, TRSV, TSV, TSWV 등 총 7종류의 바이러스에 감염되었는지를 ImmunoStrip® kit를 이용하여 검정하였 다. 경기도 G시의 장미 재배농장의 ‘Bobos’, ‘Pink Army’, ‘15-712’, ‘18-356’은 TRSV에 감염된 것으로 나타났고, 경상 남도 C시의 장미 재배농장의 ‘Haesal’은 TMV, ‘Querencia’ 는 ToRSV에 감염된 것으로 나타났다. 전라남도 H군의 장미 재배농장의 ‘Deep Purple’은 ArMV와 TRSV에, ‘Lady of Shalott’은 TRSV, ‘Mortimer Sackler’는 TMV와 TRSV, ‘Natal Briar’는 ArMV와 INSV에, ‘Sprit of Freedom’은 INSV, ‘Imogen’은 TRSV, ‘Pink Beauty’는 ArMV, TMV, TRSV에 감염된 것으로 조사되었다. 전라북도 J군의 장미 재배농장의 ‘Amor Zen’, ‘Dignity’, ‘Peach Pangpang’, ‘Yellow Pangpang’ 등 4개 품종은 TRSV에 감염된 것으 로 나타났고, 본 연구에서 조사한 총 41개 품종 중 22개 품 종이 바이러스에 감염되었으며, TRSV에 13 품종이, ArMV와 TMV에 3 품종이, INSV에 2 품종이, ToRSV에 1 품종이 감 염되어 TRSV에 가장 많이 감염된 것으로 나타났다.

This study examines the correlation between livestock odor civil petitions and the establishment of malodor control areas in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, focusing on swine farms where numerous civil petitions regarding malodors have been received. After the designation of the malodor control areas, high odor concentrations occurred in Aewoleup and Jocheon-eup, and the odor concentration decreased in other areas. The number of civil petitions shows a consistent annual trend, with increased petitions from March, peaking during summer (July and August), and decreasing from September into winter. In Jeju-si, there were many civil petitions in Hallim-eup and Aewol-eup where there were many malodor control areas. However, in Seogwipo-si, there were also many civil petitions in Pyoseonmyeon, where there is no malodor control area. Additionally, we compared the average multiple of compound malodors and the rate of exceeding the maximum allowable emission level for compound malodors with the number of livestock malodor civil petitions to assess the actual state of malodors. The results reveal a stronger correlation between the number of civil petitions and the rate of exceeding the compound malodors allowable emission level than the average multiple for compound malodors. These findings provide valuable insights into addressing livestock odor concerns and enhancing malodor control measures in Jeju Island.

In this review, we examine the latest technological developments in the utilization of truffles, a gourmet ingredient reputed to be one of the "world's three greatest delicacies," considering changing global consumption trends. Global demand for truffles is expected to increase steadily, with an average annual growth rate of 8.9% from 2023 to 2030. As truffles are expensive, the demand for truffles is expected to be concentrated in developed countries such as the United States, European countries, and Japan. In Korea, truffles are utilized in various industries, including food, functional foods, and cosmetics. Korean consumer demand for truffles has consistently remained high since 2019, and truffle products have been performing well in the market. Consequently, there exists substantial potential demand for newly developed truffle-related products and technologies. This review aims to provide objective research information through the systematic analysis of patent applications in Korea and internationally, focusing on technologies involving truffles, and can aid in setting directions for research and development.

본 연구는 성인 흡연자의 심근경색증 조기 증상 인지 정도를 파악하고 인지와 관련된 요인을 분석하기 위해 진행되었다. 2021년 지역사회 건강조사 원시 자료를 활용한 서술적 조사연구로 조사 완료자 229,942명 중 본 연구에 해당하는 설문에 응답이 불충분한 대상자 18,343명을 제외한 210,899명을 연구대 상자로 선정하여 SAS 9.4 program을 이용하여 표본 분석, 빈도, 백분율 등의 기술통계, 카이 제곱 검정, 복합표본 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하였다. 나이, 혼인 여부, 교육수준, 금연계획 여부, 건강검진_암 검진 수검 여부, 당뇨병 진단 여부, 주관적 건강 수준, 사회 물리적 환경이 심근경색증 조기 증상 인지와 유의한 관련이 있었다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 심근경색증 발생 위험이 높은 고위험 집단에 대한 적극적인 홍보 및 교육이 필요하다.

This study examined the determinants of healthy food purchases before and after COVID-19 in Korea. Binomial and multinomial logistic regression models were applied to Korea Rural Economic Institute's Food Consumer Behavior Survey data from 2019 to 2021. The analysis revealed a significant decrease in the non-intake of healthy food in 2021 compared to 2019, suggesting the impact of COVID-19 on healthy food consumption. Consumption patterns also changed, with a decrease in direct purchases and an increase in gift-based purchases. Several variables showed significant effects on healthy food intake. Single-person households exhibited a higher probability of eating healthy food after COVID-19. The group perceiving themselves as healthy had a lower likelihood of consuming healthy food pre-COVID-19, but this changed after the pandemic. Online food purchases, eco-friendly food purchases, and nut consumption showed a gradual decrease in the probability of non-intake over time. Gender and age also influenced healthy food intake. The probability of eating healthy food increased in the older age group compared to the younger group, and the probability increased significantly after COVID-19. The probability of buying gifts was significantly higher in those in their 60s, indicating that the path to obtaining healthy food differed by age.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between household economic changes by COVID-19 and dietary habits in Korean adolescents. The study analyzed data from the 17th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey in 2021. A total of 54,848 middle and high school students, 28,401 males and 26,447 females, participated in this study. COVID-19 lead to deterioration of household economy in the lower level of household economic status (p<0.001). The deterioration of household economic status by COVID-19 was associated with dietary habits such as lower breakfast intake, and higher fast food, soda drinks, and sweet drinks consumption (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that deterioration of household economic status was significantly decreased in frequency of breakfast intake (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.67~0.80). The deterioration of household economic status by COVID-19 was also significantly associated with increased frequency of fast food (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.16~1.41), soda drinks (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.30~1.56) and sweet drinks (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.24~1.46) consumption (p<0.001). In conclusion, it was confirmed that the change in household economy caused by COVID-19 was associated with dietary habits in adolescents. As the household economy deteriorated, there was an increase in undesirable dietary habits including skipping breakfast and fast food consumption.

We performed a study to examine the association between diet quality and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our study included 3,586 women aged 40-64 years who participated in the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The study subjects were classified into the NAFLD group (n=816) and the normal group (n=2,770) using the hepatic steatosis index. The anthropometric indices, blood profiles, and dietary intake data of the subjects were obtained. The waist circumference, body mass index, and the serum levels of triglycerides, fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in the NAFLD compared to the normal groups (p<0.001, respectively). The intakes of protein (g/kg body weight, p<0.001), potassium (p<0.001), and vitamin A (p=0.006) were significantly lower in the NAFLD group. It was observed that the higher the total Korean Healthy Eating Index score, the lower the risk of NAFLD. A reverse relationship was shown between the NAFLD risk and the intakes of total fruits, total vegetables, vegetables excluding Kimchi and pickled vegetables, meat, fish, eggs and beans. Therefore, it is recommended that middleaged women in Korea increase their intakes of fruits, vegetables, and foods high in protein for the proper management of NAFLD.

In this research, we examined the shifts in determinants influencing the frequency of eco-friendly food purchases pre- and post-COVID-19. Our analysis utilized filtered 2019-2021 Consumption Behavior Survey data from the Korea Rural Economic Institute Food, excluding any irrational responses. Given the nature of the dependent variable, a multinomial logistic regression model was employed with demographic factors, variables pertaining to food consumption behavior, and variables concerning food consumption awareness as predictors. Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, an individual's level of education was observed to positively influence the frequency of eco-friendly food purchases. In contrast, income level and fluctuations in food consumption expenditure did not appear to have a discernible impact on the purchasing frequency of such eco-friendly products. Irrespective of the advent of COVID-19, variables such as the frequency of online food purchases, the utilization of early morning delivery services, dining out frequency, and the intake of health-functional foods consistently demonstrated a positive correlation with the propensity to purchase eco-friendly foods. Overall, consumers prioritizing safety, quality, and nutrition over price, taste, and convenience in their procurement decisions for rice, vegetables, meat, and processed foods exhibit an increased inclination toward the acquisition of eco-friendly food products.

본 연구는 감정노동자 심리분석을 통한 심리치유 방향에 대한 연구이다. 본 연구의 목적 은 감정노동 심리치유 프로그램 개발에 기여 하고자 한다. 본 연구의 대상은 G도 북부지역 감정노동자 157명을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였다. 연구 기간은 2021년 4월부터 2023년 2 월까지 진행되었다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 28.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 일원분산분석 (One-way ANOVA) 및 피어슨의 상관관계 분석(pearson correlation analysis)을 하였다. 연 구결과는 직군별 감정노동 수준은 M 3.03∼3.96, 감정노동 인식은 M 2.40∼3.48 유의미한 차이가 없는 상태로 나타났다, 감정노동 실태 면에서 1직군(M 2.81), 2직군(M 2.88)은 다른 직군과 M 0.68∼0.4의 차이를 보이는 등 언어적 폭력에서 더 취약한 결과가 나타났다. 감정 노동의 수준 정도에 따라 감정 부조화 및 손상-고객 응대 부조화 및 갈등 순으로 직업 불 만족에 영향을 주고 있다는 유의미한 차이를 볼 수 있다. 정신적 평가결과에서도 감정노동 으로 인해 감정소진, 의욕 저하 등 심리적 문제가 발생하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이를 통해 향후 감정노동자 심리치유 발전에 기여하고자 한다.

Genderless fashion is a trend that involves clothing and accessories designed for anyone, regardless of gender identity, and may blur traditional gender boundaries by incorporating elements associated with men's or women's clothing. The trend is driven by changing attitudes towards gender, increasing awareness and acceptance of gender fluidity and non-binary identities, and a desire for more inclusive ways of expressing gender through fashion. Empirical evidence on how genderless or gender-neutral marketing efforts affect consumer response is limited. Our experimental study contributes to this literature by analyzing the role of clothing gender labels and consumer gender on purchase intention of clothing.

This study aims to investigate online commerce repertoire-based clusters and their characteristics with shopping values and commerce attributes. This study analyzes Nielsen panel log data that recorded nearly 6,000 panelists’ use of 48 major commerce websites and mobile applications. In addition, a survey was conducted with a sample of the panelists, which supplemented the behavioral data and provided cognitive and attitudinal data. Six commerce clusters were identified: “Social commerce centric,” “Secondhand centric,” “PC centric,” “scattered,” “Home-shopping centric,” and “Fashion centric". Also, “Hedonic” was statistically significant and “Quick delivery,” “Membership” are perceived to be effective. Also, there were discrepancies between the log and survey on usage. As online marketing and advertising driving conversion becomes critical, the understanding of online commerce repertoires and related consumer perceptions and characteristics should offer significant implications.

The main goal of the Korean VLBI Network Calibrator Survey (KVNCS) is to expand the VLBI calibrators catalog for KVN, KaVA(KVN and VERA Array), EAVN(East-Asian VLBINetwork), and other extended regions. The secondKVNCS (KVNCS2) aimed to detect VLBI fringes of new candidates for calibrators in the K band. Out of the 1533 sources whose single-dish flux density in the K band was measured with KVN telescopes (Lee et al. 2017), 556 sources were observed with KVN in the K band. KVNCS2 confirmed the detection of VLBI fringes of 424 calibrator candidates over a single baseline. All detected sources had a high Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of >25. Finally, KVNCS2 confirmed 347 new candidates as VLBI calibrators in the K band, resulting in a 5% increase in the sky coverage compared to previous studies. The spatial distribution was quasi-uniform across the observable region (Dec. > −32.5◦). In addition, the possibility as calibrator candidates for the detected sources was checked, using an analysis of the flux-flux relationship. Ultimately, the KVNCS catalog will not only become the VLBI calibrator list but is also useful as a database of compact radio sources for astronomical studies.

In this study, a survey focusing on the status of clothing interest, inconveniences resulting from clothing, preferred design items, etc. was conducted on 364 elderly women to suggest aesthetically and functionally appropriate indoor wear design for at home elderly women aged 60 years or older. The survey results showed that in general, the respondents’ interest in clothing was high, and more respondents in their 70s or older had difficulty in the action of opening and closing. With respect to considerations when purchasing clothes, color was considered more important than design as respondent’s age increased, and size was regarded as the most important factor especially among those in their 80s. The preferred top styles were T-shirts and blouses among those in their 60s and 70s, and T-shirts and shirts among those in their 80s. The preferred sleeve lengths were “below the elbow” and “above the wrist” in all age groups. The preferred sleeve hem type was “tightening” in all age groups. The most preferred bottom styles were “straight-leg pants” and “elastic waistband.” This study suggests the design items of indoor wear, including top, bottom, and overgarment for warmth, appropriate for elderly women at home based on the survey results. The study results are expected to serve as basic data necessary for the revitalization of the clothing industry for elderly women.

This study aims to understand the current status of exemptions for traffic accidents during the return of emergency vehicles and to provide suggestions for improvement. A survey was conducted on 3,500 firefighters to investigate the perception of traffic accidents during the return of emergency vehicles, and responses from 505 participants were analyzed. Based On the demographic characteristics and perception of the participants, frequency analysis and variance analysis were used as research methods to analyze basic statistics and the current situation. The results showed that firefighters have concerns and anxieties about traffic accidents during the return of emergency vehicles, and the need for applying exemptions and enacting explicit legal provisions was statistically confirmed. Based on these results, we suggest a policy for exemptions to improve the preparation for re-deployment and to alleviate the concerns and anxieties of firefighters.