In this study, the noise reduction effect of the steam vent silencer was investigated by performing a transient flow analysis applying the Loss Model, a porous flow analysis model, and calculating the noise intensity from the pressure fluctuation according to the time change. As a result of flow analysis, it was confirmed that the noise intensity decreased as the number of diffusers and the number of splitters made of foamed aluminum increased. In the case of three-stage diffusers, the noise intensity decreased by up to 33.4 dB when six foamed aluminum with a thickness of 150mm were installed.

Equipment used for ships operating in the polar regions, such as icebreakers, should consider countermeasures against freezing. This study performed a structural design that prevents freezing and tolerates thermal stress and wind pressure of the air vent louver heating blades. As boundary conditions for performing the analysis, analysis was performed when the flow rates at the inlet end were 10m/s, 20m/s 30m/s, 40m/s, and 50m/s. As a result of the analysis, if the CNT heating element can maintain the heating performance of 200°C, the blade can maintain the room temperature state except for the end of about 40mm. There are pressure drop between the front and rear of the air vent louver. It can be seen that the allowable wind speed varies depending on the design criteria. As a results, it is required to select an optimal heating temperature to prevent condensation of a blade, optimize the generation of compressive stress by thermal expansion, and trade off the wind pressure and thermal stress according to wind speed.

수소는 지구 온난화의 주범인 온실가스(GHG) 배출을 감소시키고 선박용 친환경 연료로서 대두되고 있다. 수소는 가연 하한계 (Lower Flammability Limit, LFL)가 4 ~ 75 %이고 폭발 위험성이 큰 물질이다. 그래서 선박용으로 사용되려면 누출에 대비한 안전성이 충분히 확보되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 수소탱크 저장실에서 수소 누출이 발생한 경우, 급․배기구의 면적 변화가 환기 성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 급․배기구의 면적은 1A = 740 mm × 740 mm이며 저장실 표면에 크기 및 위치 변경이 쉽도록 설정하였다. CFD 상용 소프트웨 어인 ANSYS CFX ver 18.1을 이용하여 급․배기구의 면적을 1A, 2A, 3A, 5A로 변경하였고, 면적 변화에 따른 저장실 내의 수소 몰분율을 분석하였다. 그 결과 급기구 면적이 배기구 면적 증가에 비해 누출 수소의 농도를 더 감소시켰으며 단일 급기구보다 최소 2A 이상에서 환기 성능이 향상되었다. 급기구의 면적이 증가할수록 수소 층화가 저장실 상부부터 균일하게 형성되었지만 LFL 범위는 벗어나 있었다. 그러나 배기구는 면적을 단순히 증가하는 것만으로는 환기 성능에 미치는 영향은 미비하였다.

소형선박 기관실 내 화재 시 개구부 유동 및 온도에 대해 FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)를 이용하여 화재시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 열방출률이 10 kW 급인 경유(Diesel) 화재를 대상으로 하였고, 천장 통풍통의 위치, 측면 개구부 유·무 및 크기에 대한 영향을 파악하였다. 측면 개구부의 유·무 및 크기는 연기 거동 뿐 아니라 개구부를 통한 질량 유량 및 온도에 지대한 영향을 미쳤다. 측면 개구부가 미설치되거나 크기가 작은 경우 연기층이 기관실 내 바닥까지 도달하였고, 측면 개구부의 크기가 증가함에 따라 개구부를 통한 질량 유량이 증가하고 온도는 감소하는 경향이 나타났다. 반면, 천장 통풍통의 위치가 연기 거동, 개구부를 통한 질량 유량 및 온도에 미치는 영향은 측면 개구부 크기에 비해 상대적으로 미미한 것으로 관찰되었다. 따라서 소형선박의 기관실 내 화재 시 안전성 향상을 위해서는 천장 통풍통 위치보다 측면 개구부의 크기가 더 중요한 설계 인자인 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구에서는 국내에 가장 많이 보급되어 있는 1-2W 모델 연동온실에 대한 온실 규격 및 환기창 형태 실태 조사를 수행하고, 이를 바탕으로 연동온실의 천창 형태에 따른 유동 특성을 분석하기 위해 수치해석을 수행하여 자연환기효과를 분석 하고자 하였다. 온실 실태조사 대상농가의 환기창면적 비율은 평균 10%로 자연환기를 위한 시설면적 대비 환기창 면적 설계가 부족한 것으로 나타나 환기창 개선이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 연동 온실의 천창 형태별 자연환기를 해석 및 분석한 결과, 온실 내 작물위치의 온도 분포 및 내외부 온도차는 몽골식 천창 온실에서 가장 낮고 외몽골식 천창 온실에서 가장 높게 나타났으나 추후 풍하중에 의한 구조적인 안전성을 평가 해야할 것으로 판단된다.

In the summer season, natural ventilation is commonly used to reduce the inside air temperature of greenhouse when it rises above the optimal level. The greenhouse shape, vent design, and position play a critical role in the effectiveness of natural ventilation. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was employed to investigate the effect of different roof vent designs along with side vents on the buoyancy-driven natural ventilation. The boussinesq hypothesis was used to simulate the buoyancy effect to the whole computational domain. RNG K-epsilon turbulence model was utilized, and a discrete originates (DO) radiation model was used with solar ray tracing to simulate the effect of solar radiation. The CFD model was validated using the experimentally obtained greenhouse internal temperature, and the experimental and computed results agreed well. Furthermore, this model was adopted to compare the internal greenhouse air temperature and ventilation rate for seven different roof vent designs. The results revealed that the inside-to-outside air temperature differences of the greenhouse varied from 3.2 to 9.6oC depending on the different studied roof vent types. Moreover, the ventilation rate was within the range from 0.33 to 0.49 min-1. Our findings show that the conical type roof ventilation has minimum inside-to-outside air temperature difference of 3.2oC and a maximum ventilation rate of 0.49 min-1.

본 연구에서는 저온기에 참외재배 단동 플라스틱 온실에서 지붕 환기팬을 이용하여 환기할 때 작물에 스트레스를 적게 주면서 바깥 공기를 하우스 내부로 균일하게 유입할 수 있는 방법으로 하우스 전체길이에 대해 측창 안쪽부분에 비닐을 부착하는 방법을 개발하였다. 지면으로부터 측창이 최대한 열렸을 때 높이의 10cm 아래까지 비닐을 설치하였다. 측창 개선에 의한 온실 환경 개선 및 참외 수량증대 효과를 검증하기 위하여 개선 측창형 태와 관행의 측창형태를 비교하였다. 2017년 2월 25일 까지는 두 시험구 모두 환기를 하지 않았는데, 2월 중순 하우스 내 기온이 40oC를 넘어섰다. 따라서 2월 중순부터는 하우스 환기를 시작해야 할 것으로 판단된다. 대조 구에서의 기온이 4월 하순부터 30oC를 넘어섰다. 그러므로 측창 안쪽에 부착한 비닐을 4월 하순, 늦어도 5월 상순에는 제거해야 할 것으로 판단된다. 4월 중순에 처리구에서의 지온은 생육 적온 범위인 20oC를 넘어선데 비해 대조구에서는 여전히 20oC보다 낮게 나타났다. 4월 하순이 되어서야 대조구의 지온도 20oC를 넘어서는 것으로 나타났다. 전기사용량은 처리구 47.2kWh, 대조구 48.3kWh로 처리 간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 처리구에서의 참외 상품수량은 5,094kg으로 대조구 4,113kg에 비해 23.9% 많았다. 상품과율은 처리구 73.5%, 대조구 73.9%로 차이가 없었다.

This study aimed to identify milling characteristics depending on the number of a cutting roller’s air vent and blowing velocity to remove rice bran by the cutting type milling machine which can minimize the conventional milling process. The level of whiteness was found to be 38±0.5 in all the conditions, showing consistent whiteness levels during milling. The rice temperatures turned out to be 15.4 and 14.6oC which were rather low-level under the conditions of the cutting roller with 3 vents and blowing velocities of 35 and 40 m/s respectively. Cracked rice ratio was 2.13% under the conditions of the cutting roller with 3 vents and a blowing velocity of 35 m/s. Broken rice ratio showed the range of 0.762-0.869%, reflecting a low level. Turbidity after milling was decreased, as blowing velocity became faster. Energy consumption for milled rice production was decreased, as blowing velocity became faster. The optimum milling condition for cutting type milling machine depending on air vent number of cutting roller and blowing velocity was found to be 3 vents and 35 m/s.

This study aimed to identify milling characteristics depending on the number of a cutting roller’s air vent and blowing velocity to remove rice bran by the cutting type milling machine which can minimize the conventional milling process. The level of whiteness was found to be 38±0.5 in all the conditions, showing consistent whiteness levels during milling. The rice temperatures turned out to be 15.4 and 14.6oC which were rather low-level under the conditions of the cutting roller with 3 vents and blowing velocities of 35 and 40 m/s respectively. Cracked rice ratio was 2.13% under the conditions of the cutting roller with 3 vents and a blowing velocity of 35 m/s. Broken rice ratio showed the range of 0.762-0.869%, reflecting a low level. Turbidity after milling was decreased, as blowing velocity became faster. Energy consumption for milled rice production was decreased, as blowing velocity became faster. The optimum milling condition for cutting type milling machine depending on air vent number of cutting roller and blowing velocity was found to be 3 vents and 35 m/s.

This paper is about improvements to prevent the crack on welding parts of bleed air duct and vent tube in Advanced Trainer ECS owing to vibration. The configurations and the path of vent tube should be changed to prevent the crack. To assure the result of improvements, measured the status of each pressure condition attaching pressure censers on duct and vent tube. The result of life analysis shows that a crack does not happen on improved configuration while a crack initiates after 19th flight and thru cracking could happen after the 30th flight on previous configuration.

일반적으로 액체가스운반선은 인화성 화물이나 독성물질을 운반한다. 이러한 화물들은 폭발, 화재 및 인명손상을 가져올 수 있기 때문에, 액체가스운반선의 거주구역, 서비스 구역 및 통제실은 가스의 유입이 원천적으로 차단되도록 설계한다. 이러한 이유로, IMO IGC 코드의 멤브레인형 LNG선박의 화물탱크에 설치되는 벤트 출구의 높이는 노출갑판상 B/3 또는 6m 중 큰 것 이상으로 하고 작업구역 및 전후부 통행로, 갑판상의 저장탱크 및 화물설계 액위보다 6m 이상 높게 설치하여야 한다라고 규정하고 있다. 또한 LNG 시장이 점진적으로 증가하면서, LNG선박의 크기도 증가해 왔다. 때문에 현 규정에 의하면 LNG선박의 벤트의 높이는 선박 폭(B)에 비례하기 때문에 상당히 높아져야 할 것이며, 이는 높은 벤트 마스트(Mast)로 인하여 작업의 어려움 및 전방 시야를 방해하는 등 항해의 어려움을 초래한다. 본 연구에서는 멤브레인형 LNG선의 Sea-trial시에 측정하였던 데이터 및 CFD유동해석을 통해 LNG선박 화물탱크의 벤트 출구의 높이에 대한 적합성 평가를 수행한다.

In order to design the optimal escape vent for the coon strip shrimp pot, the tank experiments were conducted with the model pot of five different slit height and slit width, respectively. The optimal height and width of escape vent were determined to 20mm and 40mm by tank experiments, respectively. These were determined by the 50% selection carapace length which was denoted to 25mm in selectivity curve. The escape experiments were conducted to determine a number of escape vent with the original shrimp pot to be set the designed escape vent from 2 vents to 10 vents increasing at intervals of 2 vents in tank. The optimal number of escape vents denoted 8 vents. Therefore, to apply the escape vent in commercial shrimp pot will be efficient to reduce small size shrimps to catch.

In this paper, it is intended to investigate the condensation characteristics of a supply vent cap, which is designed and developed for natural ventilation systems for ondol heating spaces. Numerical simulations are conducted using a CFD package to analyze airflow and thermal conditions around the vent cap. Temperature and humidity distributions are obtained to predict condensation on the surface, depending on the material properties. As the thermal conductivity decreases, decreased is the condensation surface area. The thermal conductivity of the vent cap is found to be less than 1 W/mK in order to prevent condensation under the winter design condition of Seoul. An experimental technique is introduced to visualize condensation on surfaces using water-absorbing mud film. Analytical results are in good agreement with experimental observations. Discussion are also included for the thermal comfort and flow characteristics around the vent cap observed by the flow visualization and temperature visualization studies.

Culex pipiens complex larvae were found at the septic tanks in Susan and Ulsan cities located in South-eastern area of Korean peninsula. The larvae were collected in 25, 35 and 75 septic tanks out of 3,527, 622 and 1,111 septic tanks which the breeding rates were averages of 0.7%, 5.6% and 6.8% in Susan from January to May, 2003, Susan from February to March, 2004, and Ulsan from January to April, 2005, respectively. The average numbers of the mosquitoes in the tanks were 38.8, 14.9 and 13.7 larvae/dip with a 355-㎖ dipper. The larval densities were from 25.4 larvae/dip in January to 43.7 larvae/dip in April. 2003 which were not significantly different between them. It was the first report to find mosquito breeding at septic tanks in Republic of Korea. Culex pipiens larvae were found in 6 out of 379 septic tanks at complex buildings (over 2,000㎡ in size) in Ulsan from June to September, 2005, having an average of 1.6% for mosquito breeding rate. The mosquito larvae were collected in 8 and 530 septic tanks out of 210 and 3,729 septic tanks at large (over 300 homes) and small apartments (below 300 homes) with 3.8% and 14.2% of the average breeding rates, respectively. At the septic tanks of private houses for below 50 persons, 708 out of 7,178 septic tanks had Cx. pipiens larvae and pupae with 9.9% of the average breeding rate. Total average of the mosquito breeding rate was 10.9% of the investigated septic tanks of residential buildings in Ulsan. The number of mosquito larvae in the septic tanks were 15 to 75 larvae/dip. The bent net sets of septic tanks prevented from mosquito breeding to the rate of 93.1 %.