동사복사 구문은 현대 중국어에서 비교적 특이한 구조를 갖는 문형이다. 본고는 동사복사 구문의 화용론적 가치를 다각도로 연구하였으며 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 동사복사 구문은 정보구조에 따라 구조 강제형과 정보 보충형으로 나눌 수 있다. 구조 강제형은 정보 전달 시 반드시 동사복사 구문을 이루어야 한다. 그 구조를 이루는 성분으로는 다른 구문을 만들 수 없다. 정보 보충형은 전달하는 정보의 모호성이나 정보의 결함을 보충 설명하기 위해 구성되는 동사복사 구문이다. 둘째, 문장초점의 각조에서 보면, 동사복사 구문은 독특한 특징을 지닌다. 본고는 동사복사 구문을 기타 의미가 같은 문형으로의 변환과 비교를 통해 동사복사 구문의 화용론적 가치를 탐구하였다. 동사복사 구문은 다른 문형에 비해 문장의 초점을 쉽게 나타낼 수 있고 또 자연스럽다는 특징을 가진다. 셋째, 말을 통해 어떤 의미를 전달할 때 그 의미를 담는 문형 선택은 화자의 자유인 듯하다. 그러나 말을 할 때의 언어 환경이나 화자의 인지적인 면을 고려한다면, 화자의 문형 선택은 결코 임의적으로 이루어지는 것은 아니다. 동사복사 구문도 실제 운용될 때 언어 환경적인 요소와 화자의 인지적인 요소의 두 측면에서의 제약을 받는다.

동사복사 구문은 중국어의 다른 구문과는 분명히 다른 통사적 특징을 갖는 구문이다. 이에 본 논문은 동사복사 구문의 통사적 특징을 명확히 규명함으로써 동사복사 구문의 정의와 범위를 보다 더 분명히 하고자 한다.<BR> 동사복사 구문은 동사복사 구조가 술어가 되는 구문으로 통사형식은 (S)+V1+O1+V2+C+(O2) 이다. 이러한 통사형식을 갖는 동사복사 구문은 연동 구문의 일종이라 할 수 있다. 그러나 일반적인 연동 구문과는 달리 동사복사 구문의 V1과 V2가 반드시 동형의 동사이어야 한다는 차이가 있다 문법화 과정이나 정보구조의 관점에서 보면, O1은 동사복사 구문 생성에 있어 중요한 역할을 하며 문장에 반드시 출현해야 하는 성분이다. V1과 O1은 이합사로 충당될 수도 있다. 그러나 V1과 O1에 위치하는 성분이 동사성이면서 V2와 부분적으로 동형인 경우는 동사복사 구문이라 할 수 없다. C(보어)도 문장에 반드시 출현해야 하는 강제성 성분으로 C가 없는 구문은 동사복사 구문이 아니다. 결과보어, 정태 보어, 정도보어, 시량보어 등이 C가 될 수 있다. 반면에 S와 O2는 비강제성 성분으로 문장에 출현할 수도 있고 출현하지 않을 수도 있다.<BR> 동사복사 구문은 확장 형식을 가질 수 있다. 즉 O1과 V2 사이에 시간부사나 어기부사가 위치할 수 있다. 이러한 확장 형식의 동사복사 구문은 관련 부사가 있는 긴축문과 유사한 형식을 갖는다. 그러나 긴축문은 복문으로 동사복사 구문이 아니다.

This paper gives a description of the syntactic and semantic features of the constructions of “Verb + chu /chulai /chuqu”. It points out that these constructions mainly express the meaning that an entity transfers or is transferred from the inside of a container to the outside, or vice versa. The various features depend on the relevant cognitive scenes directly or indirectly.

Kinds of 《Lao Qi Da》 was the study book of Chinese used from the 14th century to the 18th century.<BR> This is the important materials to be known as the linguistic features of those days in reflecting used Chinese in an age of the Won, Myung, and Cheong.<BR> One of those, 《FanYi Lao Qi Da》, is the study book of Chinese which is translated Korean based on Chinese Character between the orthoepist and the popular pronunciations by Choi, Se-Jin in the Chosun Dynasty era.<BR> The Verb-complement organizes Resultative Complements, Directional complements, Degree Adverb Complement, Potential Complements, Quantifier Complements showed 《FanYi Lao Qi Da》. However, this article was not explained about the complement of Quantifier Complements.<BR> To be extremely careful in the Resultative Complements, the complement could be the adverb moving ahead of the verb and 「Jiang 將」 which was normalized to preposition in the modern Chinese was used to Directional complements or completion marks.<BR> 「V+de/bu de」 is used a lot among three types in the Potential Complements.

Classical Chinese and English are grammatically similar. So We can learn classical Chinese by using English grammar which we have learned for a long time. There are many kinds of word classes in English and classical Chinese but only noun and verb are analyzed in this paper. The Chinese noun`s usage is similar to that of English in word order. But there are different forms in their shape of a word. Chinese noun does nor change its`form although it is moved to the other part in the sentence and the case is changed. On the other hand, English noun changes its` form according to singular plural and case. Chinese verb does not change its` form like English even though number and tense are changed. Except for this, there are many resemblant shapes of using verbs between Chinese and English. We can find out the usage of transitive intransitive auxiliary verb awarding verb causative verb and be have verb is very similar. The western people are accustomed to logical and analytic thinking. They like to classify somewhat. But eastern Chinese people do not so. they like to be significant inclusive and adaptable. We can also find out the perceive difference between the two in their language habits.

본 논문에서는 언어장애인용 문장발생장치의 통신율을 증진시키기 위한 처리방안으로 신경망을 이용하여 문장발생장치에 동사예측을 적용하는 방법을 제안하였다. 각 단어들은 구문론과 의미론에 따른 정보벡터로 표현되며, 언어처리는 전통적으로 사전을 포함하는 것과는 달리, 상태공간에서 다양한 영역으로 분류되어 개념적으로 유사한 단어는 상태공간에서의 위치를 통하여 알게 된다. 사용자가 심볼을 누르면 심볼에 해당하는 단어는 상태공간에서의 위치를 찾아가며, 신경망 학습을 통해 동사를 예측하였고 그 결과 제한된 공간 내에서 약 20% 통신율 증진을 가져올 수 있었다.

이 연구는 베트남 현지 한국어 초급 학습자를 위한 ‘가다’, ‘오다’의 오류 양상을 토대로 적절한 교육 방안을 모색하는 것에 연구 의 목적을 두었다. 이를 위하여 문헌 고찰을 통한 연구 현안 및 이론 적 배경을 확인하였고, 베트남어 ‘đi(가다)’, ‘đến(오다)’의 의미를 비교 하였다. 그다음 베트남 현지 초급 학습자의 쓰기 자료 46편(1,413어절) 을 분석하여 베트남인 현지 한국어 초급 학습자의 ‘가다’, ‘오다’의 의 미적 오류 양상을 확인하는 양적 연구를 진행하였다. 이로써 국내 베 트남인 학습자가 범한 오류와 비교하고, 앞서 확인한 내용을 토대로 현지 학습자를 위한 적절한 교육의 방향성을 제언하였다.

Some multiword verbs like run into ‘encounter’ in She ran into a friend have been called by two distinct names in the literature. They are prepositional verbs (with a fixed and specified preposition) or (inseparable or nonseparable) transitive phrasal verbs. This paper argues that this different use of terminology for the same multiword verbs actually reveals the nature of the whole class they belong to. The class is a cline of grammatical elements and properties between prepositional verbs and transitive phrasal verbs, and the set shared by these two subclasses is the locus of that cline. This characteristic mode of the cline is explained in terms of intersective constructional gradience and multiple inheritance.

The study attempts to investigate how Korean native adult speakers comprehend the distributive function of extrinsic plural marker -tul(EPM) attached to different verb types. It also examines how the three verb types, each of which can evoke a distributive interpretation a collective interpretation and both of the interpretations, influence the sentence interpretation in terms of distributivity. The inconsistency of the previous analyses on the distributivity needs to be verified to shade light on Korean native adult speakers’ knowledge for the extrinsic plural marking from the experimental approach. To do so, the study employed Translation Task, in which the participants were asked to read a story that ends with a sentence to depict a situation. The last sentence was manipulated either to contain EPM attached to three different verb types or not to contain it. And then they were instructed to select any possible translations for the sentence among three choices that correspond to a distributive interpretation, a collective interpretation and both of the interpretations respectively. The results showed that Korean native adult speakers assigned more distributive interpretations to the sentences with EPM than sentences without it. It was also found that there were differences between verb types in evoking distributivity. However, the sentences with EPM also allowed for collective interpretations, which implies that it is not an obligatory distributor but plays a role of a distributive facilitator in the sentence interpretation.

The purpose of this study is to investigate serial verb constructions (hereafter, SVCs), and provide how two verbs combine to represent a single event. Examining the argument structures of verbs, we propose that SVCs fall into two types: one is total argument sharing, and the other is partial argument sharing. These different types of sharing should have a distinct merger considering the argument structures. When two verbs in an SVC share their all arguments (internal and external arguments), namely total sharing, the serialization of two verbs takes place at the level of (categorial) head (head-head merger). In the case of partial sharing, the merger occurs at a phrase level (phrase-phrase merger): that is, after each verb meets their internal argument requirement. Previously asserted arguments about the relations between two verbs (namely, adjunction and complementation) are reexamined, and this study will employ the labeling algorithm to resolve their shortcomings.

This study has focused on the two factors. The first things has investigated the way the Korean L2 learners apply the pattern of ‘adverb+ verb collocation’ in English to their ‘opinion paragraph writing’ on the topic sentences, with the focus on two factors: meta-discourse perspective on the genre of paragraphs and the writers’ strategies for selecting particular collocation types. Second element with the findings of the first step has suggested the effective writing methods for the Korean L2 learners. From 15th October to 2nd November, 2018, the researchers had examined the L2 learners’ topic sentences shown as in the their first drafts, to identify the attitude (I agree), engagement (consider) markers or self-mentions (I, We) and boosters (completely, fully, strongly, etc.) in meta-discourse resources which were founded on the types of essays. We had proposed that the learners would produce proper English ‘adverb+verb’ collocations based on the semantic features for verbs and adverbs in English and Korean with the feedback comments. Secondly, the researchers had reanalyzed the learners’ final products which have been focused on the learners’ self-correction for the deviant English-Korean collocations or non-collocation in English. The researchers had found out some pedagogical implications which had suggested for learning the suitable English collocation usage based on the findings of the study. The major thing has shown that the learners would depend on the meta-discourse resources in the process of accepting the academic writing styles or genre. Another implication of the findings is that the new insights into the development of L2 ‘adverb+verb’ collocational competence should be based on the nature of teaching methods that stress input-based or refrain from explicit vocabulary teaching.

The existential verb HABER and the locative verb ESTAR can be used to indicate the presence of a person or thing. But they are seldom interchangeable in Spanish. The subtle differences between these two words can completely change the meaning of a sentence. In concrete, the difference mentioned is that the verb HABER is used to indicate the mere existence of the person or thing. On the other hand, ESTAR is introduced to indicate the location of the person or thing. As a general rule, the locative verb ESTAR is permitted when a specific person or thing is referred to, however the existential verb HABER is used with nouns that can’t have a location. As a result, a noun preceded by a definite article, a demonstrative adjective or a possessive adjective normally would be introduced with the verb ESTAR. The locative verb ESTAR y the existential verb HABER can be used in situations where “to be” is used in English. So they’re usually confusing for students. In this paper, we have argued that the existential verb HABER is derived from the copulative structure. In this point of view, the locative verb ESTAR is defined by the spell-out of the event feature.

The position of a finite verb depends on languages. It is located in the v* domain in such a language as English, in the TP domain in such a language as French and in the CP domain in such a V2 language as Swedish. In this article, after showing that verb movement occurs in the syntax, we argue that the parametric difference of verb inflection and movement is attributed to whether T and V in each language are specified to Category. A finite verb in French moves to T after a fully inflected verb is merged in VP whereas a finite verb in English does not move to T due to the fact that T and V are not specified to Category. On the other hand, in Swedish a finite verb moves to C because there is no TP projection in such a language as Swedish. Thus in this article a finite verb moves to T or C according to the status of non-phase categories of T and V.