본 논문은 아르빈드 아디가(Aravind Adiga)의 소설 􋺷화이트 타이거􋺸에 대한 비평적 분석을 제시한다. 본 연구는 문화연구의 핵심적 원리 몇 가지를 분석 도 구로 활용하여, 텍스트 전반에 나타나는 문화적 표지, 지표, 코드, 실천, 그리고 의미 와 가치를 내포하는 “감정의 구조(structures of feeling)”를 포괄적으로 검토한다. 연구 결과, 해당 담론은 현존하는 사회적 불평등과 사회·정치적 헤게모니에 대해 강한 반감 과 전복적 저항을 드러낸다. 서사는 세계화의 압력 아래 동시대 사회가 어떠한 생동하는 철학이나 이념도 상실한 문화를 보여준다. 텍스트는 ‘어둠(darkness)의 지역’과 ‘빛 (light)의 지역’이라는 두 문화를 언급하지만, 분석 결과 두 영역 모두 실질적으로 어 둠 속에 있으며, ‘빛’의 영역이란 그저 변형된 형태의 어둠일 뿐이라는 점이 드러난다. 주인공 발람(Balram)의 행위는 현실의 일종의 일탈적 전도(perversion)를 보여주며, 그 의 행위의 강도는 본질적으로 부정적이고 파괴적이다.

In this study, the development of a new white beech mushroom (Hypsizygus marmoreus) cultivar, ‘Baekmaru24’, is described, and its growth characteristics and field adaptability are evaluated. ‘Baekmaru24’ was bred from the parent strains, KMCC05528 and KMCC05529, through controlled crossing and multi-stage line selection, resulting in the final elite line, ‘HWD-22-116’. Mycelial growth tests demonstrated that the cultivar had superior growth under low temperatures (10–15 °C) and on YM medium, with optimal growth at 20–25 °C. In indoor bottle cultivation, the per-bottle yield was 146 g per 850 mL, which was 8% higher than that of the control cultivar (135 g). The fruiting bodies had stipes with a mean of 70.5 mm, which is approximately 10 mm longer than that of the control, and they had highly uniform clusters, enhancing marketability. Field trials at two farms confirmed a significant increase in yield of approximately 11 % over existing commercial cultivars, together with a generally superior morphology, including larger caps, longer stipes, and greater tissue firmness. Somatic incompatibility testing revealed a distinct demarcation zone between ‘Baekmaru24’ and its parent strains, indicating that it is a genetically independent cultivar. Overall, these results demonstrate that ‘Baekmaru24’ has stable growth, high productivity, and favorable fruiting-body characteristics under both controlled and farm conditions, supporting its potential as a high-quality commercial mushroom cultivar.

The avenue to synthesize eco-friendly and high-performing warm-white light emitting diodes (WLEDs) using quantum-dots for color conversion is challenging. Here, the graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are synthesized from Moringa oleifera leaves without the need of any organic solvents or reducing agents by a one-pot hydrothermal method and utilized for the design of efficient warm WLEDs. The photoluminescence of the obtained GQDs is found to be red-shifted as the excitation wavelength increases. This is ascribed to an excitation of multiple transitions due to various surface traps related to surface amino and oxygen functionalized groups as revealed from X-ray-photoelectron–spectroscopy and FTIR results. Three different concentrations of GQDs are embedded in polyvinyl-alcohol matrix acting as color-converters for the design of WLED devices. By increasing the GQDs concentration, the color correlated temperatures are tuned from 3804 to 2593 K and the luminous efficacy from 39.3 to 71.69 lm/W. Moreover, the chromaticity coordinates of the devices are shifted from (0.3825, 0.3665) to (0.4807, 0.4478). The brightness of the fabricated devices based on these green-GQDs are comparable with those of warm LEDs prepared from chemically synthesized graphene and carbon dots and can be suitable for indoor lighting applications.

Bamboo charcoal has high ecological and economic value, and is a sustainable and valuable resource for the development of advanced materials such as supercapacitors and batteries. The carbon content in bamboo-based white charcoal produced in traditional Korean kiln reaches 100% when the charcoals heat treated up to 2400℃. X-ray diffraction shows that graphite begins to form at 1500℃, becomes more pronounced at 1800℃, and crystallizes into a dense turbostratic structure at 2000℃. At 2400℃, discrete graphite peaks are confirmed in d002 and d100 planes, while carbon isotope peaks disappear. Raman spectroscopy shows that graphite crystals form at 1800℃, as indicated by a clear 2D band at 2680 cm⁻1. At 2400℃, the height of the D band at 1350 cm⁻1 is lower than that of the G band at 1580 cm⁻1, indicating a high degree of graphitization. The isothermal nitrogen adsorption–desorption curves show that the monolayer value of the sample decreases up to 1300℃, accompanied by a low-pressure hysteresis phenomenon. When heat-treated at 1500℃ or higher, this phenomenon disappears and the monolayer value decreases significantly, indicating the disappearance of micropores and occurrence of graphitization. After 10 min. of heat treatment at 2400℃, the specific surface area of the graphitized charcoal becomes 8.45 m2/ g, similar to that of artificial graphite, which shows promising results of 217 mAh/g at a current density of 0.02 A/g for using in Lithium ion battery electrode.

이 연구에서는 문재인 정부의 국방정책을 분석하기 위해 국방정책 홍보 수단으로서 국방백서의 역할에 주목하여 『2018 국방백서』와 『2020 국방 백서』를 분석하였다. 문재인 정부는 두 차례 발간한 국방백서를 통해 첫 째, 「국방개혁 2.0」 추진에 대한 재원 마련과 국민적 지지 확보를 얻고자 하였고, 추진 성과 기술을 통해 ‘강한 군대’ 구현을 위한 목표 달성을 위 해 속도감 있게 추진하고 있음을 알렸다. 둘째, 한미동맹을 상호보완적 굳 건한 한미동맹 관계로 격상시키고, 전시작전통제권 전환을 위한 추진 준비 과정을 소개하여 지지를 얻고자 하였다. 셋째, 남북 관계 개선을 위한 긴 장 완화 노력과 성과를 적극적으로 홍보하였다. 특히 『2020 국방백서』에 서는 남북한 군사적 신뢰 구축, 한반도 평화 정착을 위한 정부의 성과를 부각하고자 하였다. 넷째, 코로나-19 팬데믹에 따른 정부와 군의 추진 성 과를 홍보하였다. 아울러 새롭게 부각된 초국가적·비전통적인 위협에 대비 하기 위한 다양한 정책을 적시적으로 수립하여 추진하고 있다는 것을 알 렸다. 이 밖에도 국방 문민화, 병영환경 및 문화 개선, 군 사법제도 개선, 군 의료시스템 개선 등의 정책 추진 설명을 통해 국민에게 신뢰를 주고, 호응을 받고자 하였다. 문재인 정부의 사례분석을 통해 국방정책의 비공개 성, 소통의 제한성 등을 극복하고, 국방정책에 대한 추진 동력 확보와 성 과 홍보를 위해 국방백서가 적극 활용되었음을 확인할 수 있었다.

The textile tentering process generates exhaust gases characterized by elevated temperature and humidity, accompanied by complex odors, fine particulate matter, and visible white smoke, all of which frequently contribute to public grievances and environmental concerns. This study evaluated a field-installed, multi-stage emissioncontrol system consisting of a scrubber, a wet electrostatic precipitator (WEFC), and a heat exchanger, with emphasis on the effect of routine plate cleaning over a ht ree-month operation. Real-time monitoring at 5-minute intervals measured temperature, humidity, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10, TSP), and odor intensity. Odor activity values (OAVs) and odor contributions (OC) were determined from samples collected according to the Korean Odor Measurement Standard. The emission-control system reduced exhaust temperature from 150oC to below 50oC while maintaining stack outlet temperature differences within 5oC, thereby suppressing visible white smoke. The multistage system achieved mean removal efficiencies of 88.6±5.0% for TVOCs and 96.2±6.5% for PM10, with a gravimetric PM10 removal of 99.4%. Weekly cleaning of the electrostatic plates constrained day-to-day variability in odor and PM levels within ±10%, significantly lowering the frequency of white-smoke episodes. Isovaleraldehyde and acetaldehyde accounted for >90% of total OAVs, indicating the need for supplementary treatment targeting aldehydes. These results provide quantitative evidence to guide maintenance scheduling and emission-control policy for the textile processing industry.

해리엇 비처 스토우의 􋺷톰 아저씨의 오두막􋺸은 19세기 미국 노예제 폐지 운 동의 중요한 문학적 산물로 널리 알려져 있지만, 이 논문은 해당 작품을 예배신 학적 관점에서 재조명한다. 이 논문은 소설에 드러난 세 가지 상이한 예배 형태 —남부 백인 주류 교회의 권위적이고 제도화된 예배, 퀘이커 공동체의 평등하고 실천적인 예배, 흑인 노예 공동체의 고난 속 은밀한 예배—를 중심으로 예배 공 간, 예배자, 예배 내용이라는 세 축을 따라 예배신학의 틀로 분석한다. 이를 통해 예배가 어떻게 억압의 도구로 작용하거나 반대로 해방의 통로가 될 수 있는지 살펴본다. 또한 문학비평과 예배신학의 학제적 접근을 통해 당대 미국 사회에서 예배가 지닌 정치적․사회적 의미를 해석하고, 오늘날 예배 공동체가 직면한 공 공성 회복과 억압적 구조에 대한 비판, 실천적 전환의 과제를 논의한다. 더 나아 가 주인공 톰의 순교적 신앙과 ‘삶의 예배’ 개념을 통해 기존 예배 전통을 넘어 서는 새로운 신학적 상상력을 제안하며, 예배의 본질과 공동체성, 영성에 대한 깊은 성찰을 시도한다. 이 논문은 􋺷톰 아저씨의 오두막􋺸의 예배 서사를 통해 오 늘날 예배가 억압과 해방의 어느 지점에 서 있는지 묻고, 21세기 한국 교회를 포 함한 현대 예배 공동체에 신학적 갱신과 반성의 가능성을 제시한다.

This study reports the development of a new pure white Flammulina velutipes variety, ‘Seoldan’. The breeding process involved a primary cross between a brown strain (KMCC02267) collected by the Rural Development Administration and a white cultivar ‘Baekwoon’ (KMCC05472). From this cross, a white line ‘Fv-23-553’ was selected and subsequently crossed with a superior pure white resource (KMCC05474), resulting in the novel cultivar Seoldan. Mycelial growth tests showed that both varieties grew best at 25°C; however, Seoldan exhibited faster mycelial growth than the control variety under four temperature conditions except at 20°C. In media tests, Seoldan also demonstrated superior growth on three media types, with the exception of YM medium. In sawdust bottle cultivation, The time from scratching to the first fruiting was 2 days shorter in Seoldan than in the control variety, contributing to an overall reduction in cultivation time. The most distinct morphological trait of Seoldan is its pure white cap color. The average yield was 218.8 ± 10.6 g per bottle, comparable to that of the control. Morphologically, Seoldan produced smaller pileus and thinner stipes than the control. Furthermore, somatic incompatibility tests confirmed that Seoldan is genetically distinct from the control variety. These results indicate that Seoldan is a promising pure white variety with stable productivity, improved cultivation efficiency, and clear genetic differentiation from existing varieties.

Graphene quantum dots have recently gained significant attention for their potential application in the development of optoelectronic materials. The present study focused on the ultrasonic method to synthesize white-light-emitting graphene quantum dots from coal soot in just 2 min at room temperature. The white-light emission was achieved in solution and polymeric film with good Commission Internationale del’Eclairage index (0.28, 0.33) and (0.25, 0.30), respectively. The graphene quantum dots cover a significant fraction of the visible region in the emission spectrum with two prominent bands at 475 and 635 nm at 380 nm photoexcitation, corresponding to monomer and J-aggregate emission. The strong reducing and basic nature of the ethylene diamine facilitated the preparation of self-assembled J-aggregate graphene quantum dots through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. The mechanism of origin J-aggregate emission in the prepared graphene quantum dots was studied using UV–visible absorption, steady-state, lifetime fluorescence spectroscopy, and zeta potential. The as-synthesized graphene quantum dots are successfully coated on the UV-LEDs' surface and emit white light on the applied voltage. The colours of red, green, blue, and yellow balls appear significantly in the lighting of prepared white LEDs.