The purpose of this study is to present improvement for classification system of current neighborhood living facility to correspond rapid social change and various industries after understanding its status and problem. In current Building Standard Law, various kinds of buildings are classified for their structure, purpose of use, and building types. The Neighborhood Living Facility is divided into First Neighborhood Living Facility and Second Neighborhood Living Facility with applying area standards, according to facilities of convenience degree for neighborhood inhabitants. This classification, however, has problem in an arbitrary decision and applying of buildings without any definition or standards to adopt. And, there are some mixed neighborhood public functional facilities and amusement business affecting public morals among the Neighborhood Living Facility, so hazard environmental problems are also existed. According to the improved program, the study presents a prompt adoption of new facilities according to various industry increase, with minimum public discontent over adopted area standards. This study suggests making a clear scope through reclassification of Neighborhood Living Facility within the scope of the law on current Neighborhood Living Facility and an improvement plan of introducing necessary definitions on purpose of facility.

The most important quality of Moon-Shin's works is 'Symmetry'. That is not like the machines show because it derived from the nature, so it appears little bit different among his each works. As I figured out on my M.A paper, based on the vitalism which have been in Moon-Shin's works, this study intends to find the social meaning of materials that Moon-Shin have chosen for his works which are changed with times despite the works has similar forms. Moon-Shin has tried to express 'harmony' or 'sublime will' which can be recognized as the law of life, since he started the sculptures. After the early period of his art works which used to concrete the vital images, he wanted to express the whole perfect universal world with his sculptures. The sculpture Man of Sun(1970) which has installed in Balcares, France and Olympic1988(1980s) in Seoul, Korea are representative of this period. These two sculpture seem alike for the domed shapes, but each has completely different material such as wood and stainless steel. These difference show the various application of materials, therefore, this study focuses on the relationship between the sculpture material and social background. Perpignan city, located on south part of France(current Balcares) planed to make itself as an art city standing in line with sculpture along the beach, and as a part of this plan, the sculpture symposium had hosted. Moon-Shin invited to this symposium so he made the work Man of Sun(1970) which contained the subject 'Totem', with other seven sculptors. Olympic1988(1980s) is a kind of new version of Man of Sun and it is aimed for celebrating Seoul Olympic. This work was made when Moon-Shin participated in the International sculpture Olympiad, and it has installed in Olympic Park in Seoul permanently. These two sculptures have similar forms but can be classified according to the materials and the location. Therefore, it can be understood as that these two similar sculptures have different social meanings and give unlike sense to audiences. While Man of Sun which is made with African woods represents the oriental spirituality with the metaphor of Totem, Olympic1988 can be read as that Moon-Shin intended to show the status of Korea which has changed internationally after hosting Olympic, throughout the material, stainless steel.

An Individual-Based Model (IBM) was developed by employing natural and toxic survival rates of individuals to elucidate the community responses of benthic macroinvertebrates to anthropogenic disturbance in the streams. Experimental models (doseresponse and relative sensitivity) and mathematical models (power law and negative exponential distribution) were applied to determinate the individual survival rates due to acute toxicity in stressful conditions. A power law was additionally used to present the natural survival rate. Life events, covering movement, exposure to contaminants, death and reproduction, were simulated in the IBM at the individual level in small (1 m) and short (1 week) scales to produce species abundance distributions (SADs) at the community level in large (5 km) and long (1~2 years) scales. Consequently, the SADs, such as geometric series, log-series, and log-normal distribution, were accordingly observed at severely (Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP⁄10), intermediately (BMWP⁄40) and weakly (BMWP›50) polluted sites. The results from a power law and negative exponential distribution were suitably fitted to the field data across the different levels of pollution, according to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The IBMs incorporating natural and toxic survival rates in individuals were useful for presenting community responses to disturbances and could be utilized as an integrative tool to elucidate community establishment processes in benthic macroinvertebrates in the streams.

분리막에 대한 지속적인 성장과 더불어 나노섬유 분리막은 현재 기체, 수처리, 에너지 등 다양한 분야에서 활발히 연구가 진행되고 있다. 나노섬유를 제조하는 방법에는 연신(drawing), 템플레이트 합성(template synthesis), 상분리(phase separation), 자가조립(self-assembly), 전기방사(electrospinning)법이 있으며, 특히, 전기방사법은 다른 제법들에 비해 높은 생산성과 생산비용이 낮은 장점이 있다. 또한, 재료의 선택성이 용이하며, 높은 비표면적과 기능기 추가가 용이하다. 분리막에 있어서 나노섬유의 적용은, 이차전지분야에서 기존의 PP, PE 혹은 PE/PP 격리막 위에 나노섬유를 도포함으로써 고온에서 안정성과 고출력을 가진 분리막을 개발할 수 있으며, 수처리 분야에서는 나노섬유 사이에 항균성 물질 등 다양한 첨가제를 추가하여 고기능성 분리막을 개발할 수 있다. 따라서 나노섬유 분리막은 에너지 분야에서 수처리 분야에 이르기까지 다양한 용도에 활용가능하며, 다양한 기능성의 발현으로 고부가 가치가 기대된다.

Preservation, distribution and share of regional genetic resources are one of the hot topics of international debates. Korean government under National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS) supervision made a law that initiated national management system of livestock genetic resources in agriculture and fishery (July, 2012). NIAS preserve domestic livestock genetic sources of Chikso (Korean brindle cattle), Heugu (Korea black cattle), native pig and native chicken under the strategies of multiple place guardians to keep these minor animals from getting extinct through various reasons. A total of around 3,300 animals are under protection currently. Around 70,000 germ cells of Chikso, Heugu, native goat, etc, are stored by cryopreservation method. Moreover,around 30,000 samples of whole blood and DNA are stored in deep freezers. NIAS also constructed Animal Genetic Resource Information Management System (AGRIMS) and stored information including the phenotypes and genotypes of livestock genetic resources. We also have built companionships with nine provincial livestock institutes and two universities regarding rare livestock animal management since 2008. These companion organizations have around 16,000 animals of 11 breeds in their custody. Internationally, we keep on registering these breeds on FAO and Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS) database systems. Recently we updated registration of 24 breeds of six species such as Chikso, Chookjin Chamdon, Ginkkoridak, Jindo, etc.

기존의 연구에서 많이 논의되고 있는 게임 인터페이스의 일반적 정량화 방안으로는 키 입력수준의 GOMS, 인터페이스 효율성 측정, Fitts' Law, Hick's Law가 있다. 그러나 이러한 이론을 주류가 되고 있는 모바일게임에 바로 대입하는 것은 여러 가지 문제점이 있다. 때문에 본 연구에서는 이들의 개념을 분석하여 문제점을 지적하고, 몇 가지 대안을 제시 하였다. 정량화가 속성 정의에서 여러 논의가 발생할 수 있지만 인터페이스를 개선시키고, 게임성을 증가하여 모바일게임의 인기를 높일 것이다. 향후 플레이어가 가지게 되는 어려움의 요소 중 게임의 영역과 인터페이스의 영역을 구분하여 테스트 할 수 있는 방법을 고려한 실증적 평가 기법에 대한 연구가 필요할 것이다.

The purpose of this article is to review the current stage of Korean transitional justice by focusing on the Jeju 4.3 Incidents and to consider some recurring key issues as they relate to past atrocities. As we shall see, there are a number of shared characteristics in the process of Korean transitional justice. First, Korean transitional justice did not exclude the option of prosecution and punishment of former wrongdoers, but it was more focused on the reconciliation by giving proper remedies to the victims. Second, the fact-finding activities were conducted in a relatively short time. Third, huge emphasis was placed on reinstating impaired reputations as part of the remedies for the victims. Fourth, transitional justice was made possible not by the judicial branch but by the legislation of special acts. In Jeju case, a couple of distinctive characteristics are also found: First the Jeju Special Act was a result of compromise among political parties in terms of defining the nature of the incidents; Second, in order to avoid ideological conflicts, the fact-finding and compensation activities were limited to “innocent civilians” in the Act; and (3) They did not take any measures against the wrongdoers who had been praised to be “national meritorious persons.”Transitional justice in Korea has always been closely related to the development of democracy and the rule of law. The remedies given to the victims of the Jeju 4.3 Incidents were closely tied to the political situation that prevailed in 2000, when the Special Act was legislated. The change of social climate under the Kim Dae-Jung government also played an important role in advancing transitional justice in Korea. As the iron wall of anti-communism weakened after military dictatorship collapsed, the Jeju victims gathered courage to approach the authorities to seek their redress. The lawmakers, likewise, found it easier to persuade the conservative public when they legislated the Special Act.

During the past decades, the island city of Jeju, through considerable multi- sectoral efforts, has grown to be a shining example of an environmental hub model. The origin of Jeju’s growth as a global environmental hub can be traced primarily to two major characteristics: 1. The willingness of the people of Jeju to share their island’s vibrant cultural heritage and unique natural beauty with the rest of the world, and 2. The tireless endeavors of Jeju Special Self-GoverningProvince to manage Jeju’s environment, and share its environmental best practices to urban centers across the world. These endeavors are expressed as the principal of policy that conservation is prior to development. In order to achieve its goal of a World Environmental Hub status, Jeju Special Self- Governing Province is promoting 1) institutional strategies, 2) supplementation of its existing master plan, and 3) restructuration of existing social system. The first includes the promotion of this project on a joint base with IUCN and the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea, establishment of head office of world environmental hub promotion in Jeju Governmental organization, and enactment of world environmental hub special law by the National Assembly of the Republic of Korea. The second is considering collaborations with the members of IUCN commissions, domestic experts, and consultants who will be recruited from overseas. The third is for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the master plan through the restructuring of exiting socio-economic system to a new one focusing on maximizing the eco-efficiency and environ- mentally friendly behavior.

소프트왜어 산업진흥볍 개정으로，공공부문 정보화 시장에 대기업 사업 참여가 제한되고 중소기업의 사업 참여가 증가될 것으로 예상된다. 이에 중소기업의 프로젝트 통합관리 및 소프트혜어 품질관리의 취약 부분을 보완하기 위한 조처로 PMO 제도를 법제화 하여，제도적，조직적 프로젝트관리를 통한 IS프로젝트의 성과를 향상을 하려는 것이다. IS 프로젝트 관리영역에 관련된 PMO에 대한 이론적 연구와 PMBOK 9 개 관리영역 중 3 개 핵심관리 영역 연관성 분석을 통해 PMO 업무 핵심 관리능력인 PMO 기능을 정의하였다. 또한 프로젝트 성과 및 영향 요인은 이론적 연구를 통해 성과 영향 요소 및 성과요소를 정의하였다. 제시한 연구모델의 실증적 검증은 공공부분 발주자，사업수행자，감리원을 대상으로 설문조사를 통하여 프로젝트의 성과 향상에 영향을 주는 PMO 활동의 기능 및 PMO운영 형태 상호관계를 실증적으로 검증하고자 연구모델을 수립한다.

There have been at least twenty Summits among the ASEAN countries. They adopted about twenty basic legal documents. All these are dedicated to realizing the ambitious dream of the ASEAN countries to be developed. However, the facts went opposite. ASEAN cooperation stays slow and reaches a very narrow target. Most ASEAN people feel bored and hopeless over the state of cooperation. The slow and narrow cooperation have disposed the cooperation into a downfall image such as a fiction, or even a utopian. The downfall image could make cooperation even slower or end it altogether, as it commonly drives the belief of the people from trust to distrust and believing into disbelieving. The gap between the ‘sollen’and the ‘sein’in the cooperation shows a strong influence of undetectable causes. This article applies a law and ideological approach in searching and analyzing the cause of slowness of performance of the cooperation.

Cooperation between China and the ASEAN has become more integrated as their common economic interests have been increasing due to globalization and recent changes in Southeast Asia. The formation and operation of the CAFTA provide incentive for investment and trade between China and the ASEAN. The objective of laws regulating to investment should promote investment, which can be realized through a liberal, facilitative and transparent investment regime. The CAFTA’s investment regime continues along with the same trends of international investment agreements in general. However, in order to encourage regional integration, it needs to be improved in future practice.

As the ASEAN moves towards its vision of a ‘Community,’enforceability and consistency of legal standards, broadly the “rule of law,”have drawn attention due to their impact on the predictability of social environments, with consequences for markets, people, and policy makers. This paper draws together recent findings and suggests ASEAN States have made significant progress but remain in a state of transition. These findings support Barry Weingast’s prediction that developing countries are more likely to create consistent rules and move to“ open access orders” in line with requirements for development, rather than install artificial enforcement mechanisms before growth.

The Sino-South Korea fisheries dispute is becoming increasingly intensified in recent years with occasional violent conflicts. The factors leading to this present situation include unsettled maritime delimitation, diminishing fishery resources, difficult relocation of Chinese fishermen, and the Korean coastguard’s rigidity, indifference, and even illegality in law enforcement. In order to solve the Sino-South Korean fisheries dispute, China should make efforts to improve its supporting measures applicable to the fishery industry, promote bilateral cooperation with South Korea, and establish a joint maritime enforcement mechanism.

The problem of illegal Chinese fishing and Chinese fishermen’s violent resistance to Korean law enforcement in the Yellow Sea have been a long-standing point at issue between Korea and China. It is not merely a problem of illegal fishing in Korean waters; this conflict could disrupt the integrity of the Exclusive Economic Zone and even undermine the friendly relations between the two countries. This article is to analyze the current status of the illegal Chinese fishing in the Yellow Sea and to provide a perspective on legal questions concerning the Korea-China Fishery Agreement to govern the fishery issue. This article suggests challenges ahead to solve the illegal fishing problem by examining factors causing the problem. It also provides a political perspective on the illegal fishing problem, which has become a highly newsworthy issue between Korea and China.

Resorting to targeted killings as a measure of counterterrorism spawned a debate on their legality under both international human rights law and humanitarian law. This article attempts to justify the measure under the current body of international humanitarian law. It also claims that discrete acts of targeted killings may be legal provided the existence of specific circumstances and conditions. These conditions, however, make it extremely difficult for a State to legally pursue ‘a policy’of targeted killings against alleged terrorists, unless they are considered‘ legal combatants.’The article criticizes the practice of labelling terrorists as ‘unlawful combatants’ unworthy of protections afforded by both international human rights law and international humanitarian law, and argues the lack of compelling legal arguments that would prevent terrorists from being considered as lawful combatants in an armed conflict. Light is also shed on the United States’recent expansion of the drone program in a way that might indicate a gradual acceptance of the terrorist-ascombatant theory.

It is generally accepted that China’s legislation including the provisions on enforcement of intellectual property rights has met the requirements of the TRIPS agreement and its government has exerted best efforts to enforce intellectual property laws, as illustrated by the institution of executive bodies, the dual-track approach system for protecting IPRs and other actions in this field. However, enforcement of IPRs is still a critical problem for China to solve because the protection standards of IPRs are beyond its economic development and education level, local protectionism interferes with enforcement, insufficient severity of punishment against infringers fails to deter, the price of genuine IP products is overinflated and a legal culture of not observing laws in China. To eliminate the roots of difficulties in enforcing IP laws, awareness of protecting IPRs and abiding by IP laws should be improved. Also, the IPR enforcement system should be further perfected by, centralizing the power of IPR enforcement by merging the current executive bodies into fewer ones with certain focuses, increasing the severity of punishment against infringers of IPRs and cracking down against local protectionism.

Many international judicial bodies have prescribed the procedures allowing NGOs to participate in the proceedings generally as non-parties as amicus curiae, expert or witness for the purpose of the good administration of justice. These possibilities are well developed in judicial bodies where the nature of proceedings concerns the issues that international law recognizes as the collective interests of the international community. In the International Court of Justice, on the contrary, NGOs do not have such possibility to make contributions as they have done in other international judicial bodies. The development of the elaboration of the texts on the Court proceedings and the restrictive interpretation of these texts reflect the restrictive approach of the Court towards NGOs’participation. The Court should offer the scope to access NGOs since they have legitimate right to represent the views of international civil society in an international democratic process and can contribute to assist the Court to protect the collective interest of the international community.

To study the catching efficiency of biodegradable trammel net for swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus), three types (biodegradable, monofilament and multifilament) of trammel nets were used in the field test, and the tests were carried out 16 times with two different mesh sizes (105mm and 160mm) in the Yeonpyeong fishing ground of Korea, 2009~2011. The catching efficiency of three type nets was analyzed by catch in number, catch in weight and average weight per individual of small and large size swimming crab by net types and mesh sizes. Statistical T-test was also carried out to verify the efficiency between the three types of nets. The results are as follows. The catch in number of swimming crab was 24,667 and formed about 81.0% of total catch. Of all swimming crab catch, small swimming crabs with less than 64mm in carapace length which is a prohibited landing size by law formed 48.1%, larger swimming crabs with more than 64mm in carapace length which is a landing size formed 51.9%. In 105mm mesh size trammel net test, the catch share in number of small size swimming crab by biodegradable trammel net was 47.5% in comparison with multifilament trammel net and 74.2% in comparison with monofilament trammel net, so biodegradable trammel net has more protective effects on small size swimming crab than other types of trammel nets. The protective effects for small size swimming crab by biodegradable trammel net was 25.8~52.5% in comparison with other types of trammel nets. The catch share in weight of large size swimming crab by biodegradable trammel net was 98.3% in comparison with multifilament trammel net and 92.3% in comparison with monofilament trammel net, so biodegradable trammel net has a similar catch efficiency to multifilament trammel net. The results of 160mm mesh size trammel net test have shown similar results of 105mm mesh size trammel net test. This study shows that biodegradable trammel net is a more useful fishing gear than multifilament and monofilament trammel net because biodegradable trammel net has lower catch rate than other types of nets in small size swimming crab and similar catch rate than multifilament trammel net which is a well used net by fishermen.

세계인권선언이 1948년 채택될 당시 이 선언이 인권조약의 모델이 될 것이라고는 상상하지 못했다. 연성법과 여타 UN의 인권문서는 국내 차원에서 직접적인 국가의무를 지우지는 못한다. 일부 국제관습법규나 강행규범을 제외하고는, 국가는 자신이 동의한 범위 내에서 국제법에 구속될 수 있다. 권리가 실현될 수 있는 중요한 요소는 이들 권리가 국내법에서 어떻게 이행되는가 여부에 있다.규범의 3단계 발전은 첫번째는 인권개념의 확립이고, 두 번째는 규범력으로서의 구속력을 부여하는 반구속력을 가지는 과정을 거치며, 마지막 단계는 세계인권재판소 창설이라는 구속력가진 제도와 재판소로써 완성하는 것이다. 현 UN인권조약, 인권체제와 인권이사회의 임무는 국가가 국제인권규약을 준수하도록 지속적으로 타협을 이끄는 조정기구로서, 국제법상 주권존중원칙에 따라 국가라는 실체를 간접적으로 구속시키며 순응을 이끌고 있다. UN인권체제와 보고의무 등은 국가로 하여금 국제규범의 지발적인 준수를 이끄는 현실적이고 기능적인 역할을 수행하고 있다고 보여 진다.국제인권조약이 효율적인 이행절차를 마련하고 있지 않기 때문에 법률가들의 관심은 UN헌장에 근거한 세계인권선언과 인권조약을 원용하고 적용하는데 더욱 관심을 가져야 한다.세계인권선언 상의 권리보호는 관습법화가 되어 모든 국가에게 확대 적용되고 있다. 국제인권조약은 현재 발효 중이며 인권개념이 잘 정립되어 있고 법적 근거가 분명하다. 문제는 국제규범을 적용할 의지가 있는가의 여부이다. 이제는 허울만 좋은 인권논의는 더 이상 지양해야 하고, 국제인권조약의 국내이행의 성공여부는 결국 입법부, 사법부 및 행정부의 실천 의지가 우선되어야 하고 앞으로의 국제규범을 적극적으로 적용하는 관습화에 기대해 본다.