This study is done to evaluate a dry sterilization method of plant pathogens on the citrus during storage. Cold plasma technique based on dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) technology was used for plasma actuating. Citrus was stored both cold (5℃, 90%RH) and ambient (18℃, 50%RH) store and analyzed for 3 weeks. Treatment (N=24) and control samples (N=48) were randomly divided for each group. The specification of the DBD plasma actuator is as follows: input voltage is 130 V, current is 0.3 A, flow rate is 15L/min, actuator operation time is 5 seconds (ON), and break time is 30 minutes (OFF). Concentration of ozone was 1.0~3.7 ppm and nitrogen dioxide was 0.5~2.5 ppm. Sterilized air was circularized by a diaphragm pump through a transparent Teflon pipe connected to the chamber and the actuator. Every 3~4 days, the selected samples were rinsed and then inoculated with potato dextrose agar (PDA) for 5 days. Cell number was counted by hemocytometer. Physical properties such as weight, color, soluble solid contents (SSC) and rigidity of peel were measured and compared during storage. Color and rigidity was measured four spots through equator of fruits.

Edible biopolymer films were developed from the exopolysaccharides (EPS) extracted from Weissella confusa 113-2. The optimum composition for film formation was determined using the response surface analysis with the explanatory variables of the EPS (0.5-5.5%) and glycerol (0.5-5.5%) concentrations and the response variable of film elastic modulus (EM). The mass ratio of distilled water to solids was set constant (14:1). Tensile strength (TS), percentage elongation at break (%E), EM, water vapor permeability (WVP) of EPS films were evaluated. The glass transition temperatures of the films were also determined by a dynamic mechanical analysis. The optimum mass ratio of EPS to glycerol was 0.754:0.375. The WVP, TS, %E, and EM of the film under the optimal composition were 3.53±0.21 g·mm/kPa·h·m2, 7.03±0.49 MPa, 84.82±12.31%, and 62.03±6.93 MPa, respectively. The glass transition temperature varied from 54 to 83 °C. The EPS film has the potential to be applied to food products as an edible film with physical and barrier properties comparable to other biopolymer edible films.

Aronia is difficult to eat because it has a bitter taste, bitter taste, and sour taste. Because processing is essential for eating, quality information suitable for processing is needed. This experiment was carried out to confirm the step suitable for processing. Four grades of ripening were collected from 3 varieties (Viking, Nero, McKenzie) based on color, and compared with samples stored for 2 weeks after harvesting. Physicochemical properties such as color, hardness, sugar content, pH and acidity, functional components such as total polyphenols and flavonoids, and antioxidative activities such as DPPH and ABTS were investigated. When compared according to varieties, the hardness of the first degree was highest in other degrees, Depending on harvest time, first degree was higher than other degrees and it decreased with harvest time. Varieties was not significant different lightness, redness and yellowness value. compared according to harvest time, redness was the highest in second degree and lightness, yellowness decreased with harvest time. sugar content was highest in Nero and Mckenzie, birx value increased significantly of ripening and increased with harvesting time. pH was found to be highest in Nero, acidity value was the highest in viking. DPPH, ABTS radical scavening were Nero varieties had the highest radial scavening and increased significantly as the ripening degree increased. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were found to be highest in Nero, the highest content was showed at the first degree of harvesting. The most suitable stage for the processing was considered to be the best after post harvest treatments considering brix, hardness and acidity.

Probiotics are defined as advantageous microorganisms to human when they are ingested. However, without any protection, the viability of microbes and their adhesive ability to surface of colon decreases through acidic condition such as stomach and intestines. Therefore, many studies have been conducted to figure out to enhance not only the viability of probiotics, but also its adhesion for increasing effect of probiotics. In this study, extrusion method was conducted to encapsulate Enterococcus faecium. E. faecium-alginate solution was injected to CaCl2 solution with regular side air injection. To prevent coagulation of beads, stirring was conducted in CaCl2 solution and encapsulated alginate-Ca2+ microspheres were produced. For optimal encapsulation condition, air pressure was 100 mbar, flow rate of E. faecium solution was 0.02 ml/h and stirring rate was 200 rpm. For mucoadhesive ability, Monolayer of HT-29 cells used as a colon cell and encapsulated cells were inoculated and incubated in 37℃, 5% CO2/95% air atmosphere for 1 h. Encapsulation efficiency of the encapsulation method used in this study was 98.2%. For mucoadhesive test, the concentration of inoculated E. faecium was 9.9×108 CFU/ml and the concentration of adhered E. faecium was 1.6×106 CFU/ml. In conclusion, encapsulation efficiency of extrusion method was high enough to be accepted for this study, however, alginate-Ca2+ microspheres revealed lower adhesive ability compared to expectation. Therefore, it needs further studies to increase adhesive ability with other polymers.

Residual detergents and surfactants on utensils have brought about health issues because they can be absorbed to human digestion system together with containing foods. In the present study, a dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBDP) was used to explore the applicability of non-thermal plasma for the degradation of residual surfactants and dishwashing detergents in order to reduce the intake of the residues remaining on utensils as the result of incomplete rinsing during dishwashing procedures. DBDP was generated at current intensity 2.0 - 3.0 A, and electrode gap 2.5 mm. Diluted dishwashing detergents and surfactants were spotted on slide glasses and exposed to DBDP for different periods of time. The results indicated that the dishwashing detergents and surfactants were degraded by 46.9 - 84.3% after up to 120 min treatments. Weibull equation was the best fit model to the degradation patterns of surfactants, and the decimal degradation time(δ) of 180.2 - 688.9 min were observed according to currents. Surfactants contained in detergents were degraded more effectively than the surfactants themselves. Among the anion surfactants, DDBS was more rapidly degraded than LAS and ABS.

경사지를 절개하고 콘크리트 구조물을 설치한 다음 구조물 벽과 천정을 단열하고 흙으로 덮어 엄개형 지하저장고를 개발하였다. 가로 4m, 세로 9m, 높이 5m의 저장고를 두께 400mm의 철근콘크리트 벽과 천정으로 설치하고, 외부를 콜탈로 방수한 다음 발포폴리스티렌 100mm로 단열하고, 비닐필름으로 방수한 다음 다시 외부를 자갈과 흙으로 2,000mm 두께로 복토하여 3중 중단열 하였다. 개폐 시 냉기의 손실을 억제하기 위하여 출입문을 2중문으로 설치하고 냉각기는 3마력 용량으로 설치하여 같은 크기의 기존 지상식 저장고의 5마력보다 40% 절약하였다. 여기에 봄배추, 가을배추, 겨울배추를 저장 시험한 결과 월평균 소비전력량이 15.2kwh/㎡로 지상식의 19.3-21.9kwh/㎡보다 21.3-30.6% 절약되었고 암반굴착식 지하저장고보다는 47.0% 절약되었다. 엄개형 지하저장고의 건설비는 소형(10평)은 지상저장고보다 고가이나, 50평형은 지상저장고와 비슷하였고, 25평형 4개를 연결하여 건설하면 더 저렴한 것으로 추정되었다. 저장배추의 품질은 처음 저장했던 2016년 가을배추는 지상저장고 저장 배추보다 낮았으나, 2017년 겨울배추, 봄배추, 가을배추는 지장저장고 저장 배추와 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 엄개형 지하저장시스템은 배추 등 청과물을 연중 저비용으로 저장할 수 있는 지상저장고를 대체할 수 있는 경제성 있는 저장시스템으로 평가되었다.

소비자의 식품안전에 대한 관심 증가에 따라 시간과 비용이 많이 소요되는 기존 검사 방법을 대체할 수 있는 농식품 안전성 신속 검사 기술에 대한 연구가 증가하고 있다. 농식품의 품질 검사에 많이 활용되던 광학기술은 빠른 시간 내에 대량의 시료를 분석할 수 있는 장점 때문에 농식품 안전성 신속검사 분야에 활용하려는 시도가 많이 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 광학기술의 하나인 초분광 영상기술을 이용하여 농식품 안전성을 저해하는 세균의 번식환경을 제공하는 유기잔류물의 검출 가능성을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 연구에서는 농식품 가공기계 설비로 많이 사용되는 재료 표면에 남아있는 육류 및 과채류 잔류물의 초분광 영상을 획득하고, 400~1000 nm 범위에서 이들 유기잔류물의 특성 파장을 구명하였다.

배추의 저비용 고효과 저장 방법을 개발하기 위하여 토굴저장고를 개발하고 배추를 저장하여 저장수율과 김치가공적성을 평가하였다. 저장고 유형은 석회광산굴 내에 우레탄판넬로 설치한 토굴냉장형, 콘크리트로 높이가 2.5m로 낮고 복토한 암거형, 콘크리트로 높이가 5m이고 복토한 엄개형의 3가지 였고, 지상저장고를 대조구로 하였다. 배추는 2016년 여름, 가을, 2017년 겨울, 봄, 여름, 가을, 2018년 겨울 등 총 7회 저장하였고, 각각은 8-12주간 저장하였으며, 저장 중 저장수율과 가공수율을 측정하였다. 그리고 매달 저장 배추로 김치를 담아 저장배추의 품질을 평가하였다. 저장고 유형별 배추의 저장수율은 2016 여름배추 68-73%, 2016 가을배추 29-45%, 2017 겨울배추 67-87%, 2017 봄배추 70-89%, 2017 여름배추 82-92%, 2017 가을배추 79-95%로 나타났고, 가공수율은 2016 여름배추 72%, 2016 가을배추 9-21%, 2017 겨울배추 28-54%, 2017 봄배추 39-43%, 2017 가을배추 56-59%로 나타났다. 저장배추로 담근 김치의 품질은 저장고 유형 간에 유의적인 차이가 없이 보통 이상으로 나타났다.

Curry ingredients such as turmeric, coriander, cumin, fennel, fenugreek often contain microbial contaminants. Our preliminary analysis showed that microbial contamination in fenugreek was relatively higher than other ingredients, and therefore the decontamination using a non-thermal plasma was performed to enhance its microbial quality. Corona discharge plasma jet (CDPJ) was used for the decontamination of fenugreek seeds. The results showed that aerobic bacteria were decreased by 0.88 - 2.51 log units, and yeast and mold exhibited the reduction of 0.58-1.95 log units with the treatment for 20 min. For the microbial inactivation pattern, the Weibull model gave the best distribution fit among the models tried. The decontamination effect of the CDPJ was enhanced with the decrease of the distance from the plasma electrode, and with the increase of the current intensity. The effect of the plasma treatment on antioxidant capacity of fenugreek seed was also investigated, and the obtained results indicated that total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging ability were unaffected by the treatment at a current intensity of 1.00 A regardless the treatment distance from the electrode, whereas significant increases were observed with the treatment at 1.25 A and 1.50 A currents.

Vitamin A, particularly all-trans retinol is excellent for anti-aging but is sensitive to oxygen, heat and light and has low solubility in water. In this study, retinol was encapsulated within oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion, protein-based particle and cycloamylose(CA). And then, it confirms that retinol contained in each delivery system is stable to UV, pH, and temperature and finally measures bioaccessibility. O/W emulsion was compared according to the type and concentration of emulsifier. UV stability of retinol increased with increasing oil concentration. More than 10 wt% of oil was required to maintain stable retinol (50% residual after 24 hours of irradiation). Using anionic emulsifier, retinol had unstable storage stability regardless of oil concentration and temperature. Protein based particle was compared according to the type of stabilizer and polysaccharide. UV stability of retinol was highest in pectin-coated particles. However, 20% retinol remains after 6 hours of irradiation and is vulnerable to UV compared to other delivery systems. In pH stability, pectin-coated particles also stably retained retinol. Inclusion complex of retinol and CA was compared according to the concentration of CA. When CA was used, the residual amount of retinol to UV was high (50% residual after 24 hours of irradiation) regardless of the concentration of the host molecule. In the case of storage stability, retinol remained significantly higher regardless of temperature when cycloamylose was used. It was finally confirmed bioaccessibility each of retinol delivery system. O/W emulsion was determined by emulsifier type, protein-based particle by coating agent, and inclusion complex by CA concentration. All O / W emulsions retained more than 50% retinol, protein based particles retained more than 80% retinol, and inclusion complex retained more than 70% retinol. The bioaccessibility of pure retinol is about 20%. This study provides important information for designing effective delivery systems for improving the stability of retinol.

감자를 마이크로웨이브 콜드 플라스마(microwave-powered cold plasma, MW-CP)로 처리한 후, 처리된 감자 내 polyphenol oxidase (PPO) 저해에 있어 표면적 대 부피 비의 영향을 관찰하였고, 형광 측정을 통해 단백질 구조의 변화를 관찰하였으며, 처리의 pH 및 저장 중 색도와 갈변도의 변화를 연구하였다. 또한, 감자에서 추출한 PPO 시료를 MW-CP 처리하여 Weibull model을 이용한 처리 시간에 따른 효소 활성을 예측하였다. MW-CP 형성 가스로 공기(O221%/N2)를 사용하였고, 667 Pa 압력에서 처리 전력 900 W로 40분 동안 감자를 MW-CP 처리하였다. 감자에서 추출한 PPO 시료는 처리 전력(500, 600, 800, 그리고 900 W)과 처리 시간(0, 10, 20, 30, 그리고 40분)을 다르게 하여 MW-CP 처리하였다. 감자의 표면적 대 부피 비가 7.13과 9.00일 때, PPO의 잔존 활성도는 각각 72.4와 58.9%로 표면적대 부피 비가 클수록 높은 저해 정도를 보였다(p<0.05). MW-CP 처리한 감자는 무처리군보다 유의적으로 낮은 형광강도를 보여(p<0.05), 단백질 구조의 변화로 인해 PPO의 활성이 저해되었음을 알 수 있었다. MW-CP 처리 전후 시료의 pH는 각각 6.5 ± 0.1과 6.5 ± 0.0으로 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며(p>0.05), 감자의 명도는 처리 전보다 후가 더 높았고(p<0.05), 저장 시간이 지날수록 낮아졌다(p<0.05). 적색도와 황색도는 MW-CP 처리 전후의 변화가 없었으며, 황색도는 저장 시간이 지나도 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다(p>0.05). MW-CP 처리된 감자의 갈변도는 처리되지 않은 감자보다 더 낮은 값을 보여(p<0.05), 색 관찰을 통해 MW-CP 처리가 감자의 갈변을 지연시킴을 알 수 있었다. Weibull model의 R2값은 처리 전력이 500, 600, 그리고 800 W일 때 각각 0.84, 0.76, 그리고 0.80으로 PPO 저해 예측에 적합함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 MW-CP 처리가 감자의 PPO를 저해시킬 수 있는 기술로서의 가능성을 확인하였다.

The objectives of the present study were to examine the antioxidant activity of fractions with different isoelectric points from salmon enzymatic hydrolysates and obtain peptide fractions of sufficient amounts with higher antioxidant peptide fraction, which could be applied to the food and animal model systems. The salmon enzymatic hydrolysates were fractionated on the basis of the amphoteric nature of sample peptides by preparative isoelectric focusing without toxic solvents and reagents, which is termed autofocusing. Acidic and basic fractions showed higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity than the other fractions. The basic fractions showed higher hydroxyl (OH) radical scavenging activity. The weak acidic and weak basic fractions showed higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values than the acidic and basic fractions. The acidic fraction showed higher metal chelating activity than other fractions. The acidic fraction suppressed lipid oxidation in the cooked patties to a greater extent than other fractions. These results suggest that peptides fractions from salmon enzymatic hydrolysate are effective antioxidant, and that autofocusing could be useful to increase antioxidant activity for application to food and animal model systems.

A protein-lipid film formed on the surface of soymilk by heating can be applied in various areas such as edible package film, cosmetic sheet, and meat analog. In this study, a colloid formulation of isolated soy protein (ISP) and soybean oil (4:1) was used to make protein-lipid films and it compared with the product using soymilk (Glycine max L. Merrill) for making a meat analog of fibrous shape. The colloid with 2.3 cm depth in a pan at 85︒C produced 8 sheets of protein-lipid films. The films were collected from the pan as a bundle to make a fibrous shape. Color parameters and texture profile analysis (TPA) were measured depending on the order of the film formation. Color parameters (Hunter-values) of the films using ISP and oil notably decreased the lightness and increased the redness as the order of the films. And changes of color differences in the films using ISP and oil were larger than those in the films using soymilk. TPA Parameters of the film such as hardness, resilience, springiness, cohesiveness, and gumminess were increased as increasing the order of the films formation. In the films using ISP and oil, lipid concentration was the highest in the first formed film rather than other films. However, in the films using soymilk, lipid concentration was similar among the order of the films. Consequently, the films using ISP and oil were produced non-uniformity of color, texture, and lipid composition in the order of the film formation compared with the films using soymilk. Combination of the soy protein-lipid films as a bundle could be used as a meat analog which had non-uniformity and fibrous shape.

메밀은 다른 곡물에 비하여 단백질 함량뿐만 아니라 미네랄과 비타민 함량이 높아 영향균형이 좋은 식품이다. 또한, 다른 곡류에서는 발견되지 않는 rutin을 함유하고 있어 rutin 섭취에 의한 기능성식품으로 주목받고 있는데, 특히 쓴 메밀에서 기능성성분 함량이 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 일반메밀과 쓴메밀에서의 기능성성분 규명 및 생리활성 연구에 대한 체계적 연구는 미진한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 일반메밀과 쓴메밀에서의 기능성 성분인 rutin과 quercetin 함량 및 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 성분을 측정하여 비교하였다. 또한, in vitro 상에서 일반메밀과 쓴메밀 추출물의 항산화 기능성을 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거능 분석을 통해 연구하였으며, 메밀추출물의 세포수준 항산화 기능성 및 세포독성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 쓴메밀의 rutin 함량이 일반 메밀대비 월등히 높은 것으로 확인되었으며 quercetin은 쓴메밀에서만 측정되었다. 쓴메밀에서의 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량이 일반메밀 대비 유의적으로 높은 것이 나타났으며, DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거능 또한 쓴메밀이 일반메밀에 비해 유의적으로 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 연구는 메밀의 항산화 기능성을 체계적으로 제시함으로써 식품산업에서 메밀의 다양한 활용성을 높일 수 있을 것이다.

주류 소비가 증가함에 따라 유리병의 사용량이 증가하고 있다. 일부 유리병에서는 특징적으로 부유물이 떠다니는 현상이 나타나는데 이는 용액 내의 염기에 의하여 실리카의 구조가 붕괴되어서 나타나는 것으로 알려져 있다. 규소는 인체에 해가 없는 성분이지만 유리병에서 부유물이 관찰되면 소비자들이 불쾌감을 느낄 수 있기 때문에 플레이크 발생을 방지하기 위해서 규소용출에 영향을 미치는 원인을 분석할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 소주 용기로 사용 되는 유리병에 충진된 용액의 pH와 보관온도가 규소 용출에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 업체로부터 제공받은 사용 중인 공병에 pH를 조절(7, 8, 9, 10)한 용액을 채운 후 실온, 37℃, 50℃에서 보관하며 30일 간격으로 규소 용출물 발생 여부 및 pH 변화를 관찰하였다. 용출물이 관찰되지 않은 시료들은 90일차에 유도결합플라즈마법(ICP)으로 규소 함량을 분석하였다. 단기간 저장 시 유리병 내 용출물의 발생은 pH 보다는 보관 온도가 높아질수록 증가하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 60일 보관 시 pH 7에서 33.33(실온), 41.67(37℃), 75%(50℃)로, pH 8의 경우 41.67, 58.33, 66.67%, pH 9에서 18.18, 15.38, 83.33%로 규소 용출물이 육안으로 관찰되었다. 보관 기간이 길어질수록 발생률이 증가하였고, 50℃에 보관된 모든 병에서 pH에 관계없이 용출물이 확인되었다. 90일에 경우 pH 7에서는 58.33, 58.33, 100%, pH 8에서 58.33, 66.67, 100%로 고온에서 전부 용출물이 관찰되었고, pH 9와 10에서는 보관온도에 관계없이 모든 병에서 확인되었다. 용출물이 발생하지 않은 시료들에서는 규소함량이 0.05 - 1.05ppm으로 분석되었으며, 안티웨더링(내부 코팅)이 되어 있지 않은 병에서는 11.50ppm로 나타나 규소성분의 용출 발생을 줄이기 위해서는 내부코팅이 필요한 것으로 보인다. 유리병에서 발견되는 규소 용출물의 발생은 단기간 저장 시 pH보다는 보관온도에 따른 영향이 크고, 보관기간이 길어질수록 pH와 온도의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 유리병 제품의 경우 규소 용출에 의한 부유물 발생 현상을 줄이기 위해서는 고온에서 장기간 보관하지 않도록 소비자들에게 홍보가 필요하다.

소다석회유리병은 우리나라에서 소주나 맥주, 음료 등의 용기로 많이 사용되고 있어 액상식품과의 접촉에 의해 유리병의 성분이 식품으로 용출될 가능성이 있다. 유리병의 규소용출은 유리의 Na(Ca) 성분이 용출되어 Si간 결합력이 낮아지고 이로 인해 Si의 층분리가 일어나 규소가 액상으로 용출된다. 유리병에서 규소 성분의 용출이 문제가 되지 않지만 과다한 규소 성분 용출에 의해 플레이크나 백태현상이 발생할 가능성이 있다. 본 연구는 소주 용기로 사용되는 소다석회유리병의 보관 온도가 규소성분 용출에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 업체에서 병입소주 및 사용 중인 공병을 제공받아 증류수를 채운 병과 병입소주는 실온과 50℃에, 공병은 고온다습 조건 (50℃, 상대습도 85%)에 보관하면서 30일 간격으로 플레이크(Flake) 발생 여부, pH 변화를 120일 동안 관찰하였다. 공병은 30일 간격으로 증류수를 채워 50℃에서 보관하며 고온다습 조건의 노출기간에 따른 영향을 평가하였다. 플레이크 발생이 확인되지 않은 시료들은 120일차에 유도결합플라즈마법(ICP)으로 규소 함량을 분석하였다. 플레이크 발생률은 보관 기간이 길어질수록, 온도가 높을수록 증가하여 실온보관 시 90일에 12%, 120일에 20%, 고온 보관에서는 90일에 18%, 120일에 45%로써 고온에 장기 보관 시 실온에 비해 2배 이상 규소용출물이 검출되었다. pH의 변동 폭은 실온에서 0.01~2.26 고온에서 0.47~4.15로 고온에서 큰 것으로 나타났다. 고온다습조건에 보관한 공병의 경우 90일에 25%의 플레이크 발생률을 보였으며 120일에 46%로 증가하였고, 안티웨더링코팅처리 되지 않은 병의 경우 62%이었다. 또한 고온다습조건에 보관한 공병의 41%에서 백태현상이 발생했으며 pH는 최대 10.55까지 증가하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 플레이크 발생이 확인되지 않은 시료의 규소 성분 용출 농도는 실온 보관에서 0.5~6.4ppm, 고온에서 0.1~2.6ppm으로 분석되었다. 플레이크 발생 또는 백태현상은 온도와 습도가 높은 곳에 오래 보관된 병일수록 많이 나타났고, 코팅 처리를 하지 않은 병에서 더 많은 용출과 백태가 관찰되므로 안티웨더링 코팅을 하는 것이 필요하다. 따라서 소다석회유리병의 규소 용출 및 백태현상 예방을 위해서는 공병 보관 시 고온다습한 조건에서 장기간 보관을 피해야하며 특히 여름철에 주의가 필요하고 가정에서 소주는 그늘지고 서늘한 곳에 보관하는 것이 권장된다.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique has recently been applied in agriculture and food science. It has potential to visualize internal structure of foods in nondestructive way and provides spatial information which could make reconstruct of three-dimension. MRI system also has great advantage for tracking water in beans or seeds. This study intends to analyze the changes of water distribution of coffee beans during water up-taking process. Samples used in the experiment were ‘Robusta’ coffee beans (Vietnam G1, Scr18 polish). A 30mm diameter plastic disposable test tube was used to hold bean during water up-take process. The oil column was placed next to the tube to get and to use as a reference signal. The magnetic resonance imaging system which installed at Institution for Agricultural Machinery & ICT Convergence in Chonbuk National University was used to obtain magnetic resonance (MR) image data sets. 30 images are included in each image data sets with ‘Axial’ image plane direction. In experiment, we used ‘Gradient Echo 3D’ pulse sequence. The water uptake process was performed for 150 minutes and acquired image data sets in every 10 minutes. This study showed some coffee beans which extracted as region of interest (ROI) from each images to study the water uptake process.

Buckwheat is well-known as a healthy crop with excellent nutritional and functional superiority mainly because of a high content of flavonoid compounds, specifically, rutin. However, buckwheat-based food products are known to have the reduced levels of rutin by rutin-degrading enzymes that generate quercetin during processing. However, since quercetin has a bitter taste, it may have a negative impact on consumer preferences, consequently retarding the utilization of buckwheat flour to a variety of buckwheat processed foods. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate the levels of rutin and quercetin in the milling fractions of buckwheat flours and also to monitor their changes by a variety of thermal treatments. Native buckwheat was separated into three fractions by sieving with 40 and 100 mesh screens which were designated as >40 M, 40-100 M, and 100 M<, respectively. The levels of rutin were the highest in the 40-100 M milling fraction, followed by <100 M and >40 M. Also, buckwheat flours were subjected to several thermal treatments including steaming and autoclaving. The contents of rutin and quercetin in the resulting buckwheat samples were analyzed by HPLC and the correlations between the flavonoid compounds and thermal treatments were investigated. The addition of water to buckwheat flour in making buckwheat products significantly decreased the levels of rutin while the quercetin content increased. However, the thermal treatments of buckwheat flours distinctly reduced the rutin loss and quercetin was hardly detected. Therefore, this study contributes to enhancing the health functionalities of buckwheat by reducing rutin loss, probably extending use of buckwheat flour to a variety of processed food products.

21세기밀레니엄 식품으로 미국 FDA는 하루 콩 단백질 25g을 섭취하면 관상동맥질환이 예방될 만큼 기능성이 우수하다고 평가되고 있으며, 콩은 세계적인 식품으로 1,000여 가지의 용도로 이용되고 있다. 콩을 가공하여 만들어지는 두부는 콩 분말, 즉 Mesh 형태에 따라 두부의 종류가 분류되며, Nano기술을 도입하여 국산기계를 제작한 생산시스템으로 국산 콩 300 Mesh분말에 비소를 제거한 심층 해양수를 이용하여 단백질이 응고되는 원리와 침지과정이 생략되고 수용성 단백질과 불용성 단백질과 섬유소 기타 영양성분을 손실 없이 제품화 할 수 있는 전두부 제조 및 생산과정과 콩 분쇄기는 유분이 많은 국산 콩 뿐만 아니라 수입 콩 일반적인 농산물의 분쇄가 가능하여 두부식품발달에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다

The demands of rice products have been steadily increasing because of their non-allergenic-functionalities. However, the use of rice flour in the gluten-free food industry has been still limited due to undesirable quality characteristics derived from the weak structural network by the lack of gluten. Therefore, there is a need to search for new approaches to enhance the structural network of gluten-free foods. In this study, zein, protein derived from corn, was applied to rice noodles as a structural network provider for sheeting and the rheological and structural properties of the rice noodles were investigated depending on the particle size of rice flour. The starch damage of the rice flours increased with decreasing particle size. The zein-rice flours with smaller particle size exhibited greater water hydration properties and pasting parameters that contributed to the increased elastic characteristics. The use of zein positively contributed to the formation of sheeted rice dough that could be successfully slit into noodle strips. The zein-rice noodles with medium particle size (100–150 mesh) had the highest breaking stress and hardness values that were correlated to the lowest cooking loss. This study thus provides a new opportunity for food industry to improve the qualities of gluten-free rice noodles by controlling particle size.