Currently, Ministry of Environment has promulgated and executed 'the legislation of indoor air quality for public facilities' but the data of indoor air pollutant for public facilities of this law was very insufficient. Therefore, collection of data for indoor air pollutants and execution for risk assessment in order to offer scientific data for decision-making of policy to present reasonable standards and preventive techniques of engineering were required. Therefore, this study collected and re-analysed the articles of exposure assessment for indoor environment in journals related environment in Korea since 1990 and estimated the safety factor on residents in public facilities. The objective of this study was to offer scientific data for decision-making of policy for improvement and management of indoor air quality in Korea. As the results of this study, the risk assessment for the critical pollutants in CTE (central tendency exposure) showed that safety factors according to pollutants were less than 1 which means safe level in micro-environments. It was investigated that the safety factors of CO in hospital, NO2 in terminal, PM10 and NO2 in subway station respectively were over than 1 in RME (reasonable maximum exposure). Through the results, it was investigated that health risk by inhalation of criteria and guideline air pollutants in domestic public facilities was not high. It should be considered effect of inhalation by other hazardous air pollutants because this study was examined just partial pollutants. Presentation of scientific data for expansion of study is requisite and active research of health risk assessment about indoor air quality.

Need safety diagnostic indicator pointer that is objective as estimation basis to be scientific and manages systematically safety existing condition and level for city gas facilities. Safety diagnostic indicator pointer can divide by greatly two. One is management (Software) side that one that differ with mechanical (Hardware) side that handle laying stress on equipment connected with safety manages organization and management connected with safety. Weight appropriates according to specific gravity that relevant element occupies in facilities. To give so big value in particular element in grant of weight pays attention because break balance of whole guideline and should gives. Finally, efficient safety net may see effect before self-regulation inside by minimum target establishment by government and legal, systematic countermeasure establishment for this, strict law application and each business proprietor and though activity and user's active safety activity forms harmony properly.

This study is on issues of Muslim women’s predicament in Islamic culture, exarrurung these issues with the purpose to presenting the Christian mission imprative and its approach to Muslim women who are under oppression of Islamic systems. The hypothesis of this study is that the discrimination against women is due to Islamic social systems, which have been intensified according to the rulers' disposition supported by Islamists. Pakistan is a representative case of it. Pakistan established a Muslim state separately at the time of the independence of India from British rule, and required an attempt to solidifY the nation consisting of various ethnic groups under Islam for the social and political stability. Since political leaders have recognized Islamization as an effective means for Pakistani solidarity, they have established social systems by introducing Islamic laws as a part of Isamization. Islam has functioned importantly in uniting various component segments of society, and has been the ideology and crucial motive for the founding of Pakistan. The revival of the Islamic •fundamentalism in Pakistan was supported by rulers who thought of Islam as the ideology to solidify the nation. The impact of Ismization on the social status of women has been serious because women’s low place in that culrure in grounded on Isalmic Scriprure, Qur’an and Islamic traditions, Hadith. The gender discriminative references implied in Qur’an and Hadith have helped social systems to justify the discrimination against women over the time. Their usual practices are the purdah, the punitive law, the evidence law, the revenge and compensation law, and the family law. Those gender discriminative sαial systems have given rise to the domestic violences against women as well as restriaion of sphere of women, and the violences against women such as the honor killing in Pakistan have increasecL The honor killings in the name of the family honor have become a serious problem in Islamic countnes. Recently, the static of women’s education reveals an increasing nU01ber of women in education and in high position in Pakistan society. But many women in lower classes are still in illiteracy and poverty, and those women observe purdah，an Islamic social system. The image of women in God's Kingdom is srudied for understanding of the missions perspective toward muslim women who are segregated and have lost their rights under Islamization. The heaven which muslims describe is a paradise to be given to faithful Muslim men, where beautiful women among other compensation are prepared. πlÏs description of heaven suggests that women is subordinated to men. This srudy argues that the true image of women in the God's Kingdom is accomplished by liberation through Christ from patriarchism at the level of social structure and oppression by dark spirirual powers. To present true liberation to Muslim women, Christian misslon should be a rrusslon being with them, sharing their suffering, and thereby giving rise to transformation in their life and spirit. That is termed incarnational missions, which need hermeneutics considering the social and cultural contexts. The contextualization, however, should not allow the culture in which oppressing human right is justfied in the perspectibe of cultural relativism

일반적으로 운동방정식을 풀기 위해 많이 이용되는 선형근사모델은 계산이 용이한 반면에 큰 변형상태에서는 그 오차가 커지는 단점이 있다. 따라서 엄밀한 구조물의 응답해석을 위해서는 물성과 기하에 대한 비선형성을 고려해야 한다. 또한, 강과 같이 연성이 큰 재료는 소성 변형을 일으키면서 소산되는 에너지의 대부분이 열로 변하게 되며, 이 열은 열역학 제1 법칙과 2 법칙에 따라 다른 부분으로 전달된다. 이렇게 전달된 열은 온도를 상승시켜 재료의 강도를 약화시키는 역할을 하며, 이것이 다시 구조물의 응답에 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 지진 등의 큰 하중을 받거나 화재로 인한 열 하중을 받는 강구조물의 비선형 대 변형 현상을 적절히 해석할 수 있는 열-탄소성 물성모델을 제안하고 3차원 유한요소해석을 수행하려다.

Growth behavior of two different types of grains, faceted and rounded, in a liquid matrix has been studied in the (75WC-25TiCN)-30Co system. Powder samples were sintered above the eutectic temperature for various times under a carbon saturated condition. (Ti,W)(C,N) grains with a rounded shape and WC grains with a faceted shape coexisted in the same Co based liquid. With increasing sintering time, the average size of (Ti.W)(C,N) grains increased continuously and very large WC grains appeared. The growth of rounded (Ti,W)(C,N) grains followed a cubic law, =kt, where r is the average size of the grains, the initial average size, k the proportionality constant and t the sintering time. indicating a diffusion-controlled growth. On the other hand, the growth of the faceted WC grains resulted in a bimodal grain size distribution, showing an abnormal grain growth. These observations show that the growth behavior of different types of grains is governed by their shape, faceted or rounded, even in the same liquid matrix.

정부에서는 청소년을 대상으로 하는 일체의 성폭력 혹은 성적 착취로부터 청소년을 보호하기 위한 「청소년의 성보호에 관한 법률」(2000. 2. 3. 법률 제6261호 제정)을 제정하여 청소년을 대상으로 하는 성범죄에 관하여 종합적인 규제를 하게 되었다. 이 법은 제정 시부터 많은 비난과 비판을 받아 왔을 뿐만 아니라 이 법이 적용된 이후 많은 분쟁사건이 발생하기도 하였다. 「이중위험」(double jeopardy) 금지원칙, 「프라이버시권」 위반, 「평등의 원칙」위반, 「적법절차」 위반 등이 그것이다. 이러한 비판에 대하여 신상공개는 형벌이 아니기 때문에 「이중위험」 금지원칙 에 반하지 않을 뿐만 아니라 제정의 취지도 시민의 생활안정을 확보한다는 차원의 사전적 범죄예방이므로 공개대상자에 대한 형사제재적 성격을 갖는 것이 아니라고 하는 견해가 있다. 어떤 행위를 범죄로 규정하고 형벌을 과하기 위해서는 그 행위로 인해 침해되는 법익을 「보호할 가치」가 있고 「보호할 필요」 있고 「보호의 능력」이 있어야 한다. 형벌을 과할 때에는 최후의 수단으로 필요한 최소한도의 범위에서만 과해야 하고 과도한 형벌을 과해서는 안 된다 즉 형벌의 보충성, 비례성, 과잉금지의 원칙이 지켜저야 한다. 이러한 관점에서 청소년성매수행위를 범죄로 규정하고 형벌을 부과하고 동시에 신상공개까지 하고 있는 현행제도는 폐지하여야 한다.

Recently, International Standardization is an important issue in competitive world market because of integration of standard, liberalization of international trade and globalization. Consequently, Korean companies need a strategy about corresponding to market circumstance and global standard. In this study, we examine Intellectual Property, Patent and Antitrust Law which are related to standardization. This study suggests company strategy and system integration model to dispose the global standard.

실험장비의 용량 제약, 경제적인 이유 등으로 지진하중에 대한 구조물의 동적 거동을 연구할 경우, 보편적으로 축소모형이 많이 적용되고 있다. 그러나 구조물의 지진응답은 비탄성 거동을 나타내기 때문에 거동예측이 복잡함에도 불구하고, 축소모형의 지진실험 결과로부터 원형구조물의 지진응답을 유추하기 위한 상사법칙의 연구는 미비한 실정이다. RC구조물의 축소모형 제작 시 상사율이 커지면 상대적으로 부가질량이 증가하며, 또한 굵은 골재 크기의 영향으로 원형구조물과 축소모형의 제작에 동일한 재료를 사용하지 않는 것이 바람직하다. 따라서 동일한 재료를 사용하지 않을 경우, 상사법칙은 기하학적인 상사율과 재료적인 등가탄성계수비에 의존하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 원형구조물과 축소모형에 각각 적용되는 normal-concrete와 micro-concrete의 재료 비선형성을 파악하기 위해 압축강도시험을 수행하여, 재료의 거동구간을 등가의 다단계로 나누어 등가탄성계수비를 적용시킴으로써 지진손상의 정도를 고려할 수 있는 Equivalent multi-phase similitude law를 유도하였다. 이러한 상사법칙을 적용한 유사동적실험 알고리즘을 구축하여 수치해석적인 검증을 수행하여 유사동적실험의 적용성을 확인하였다.

지진하중에 대한 구조물의 동적 거동과 내진성능을 평가하기 위하여 유사동적실험기법이 흔히 사용되고 있으나, 실험장비의 제약과 구조물의 규모 등으로 대부분 축소모형실험에 의존하고 있다. 그러나 일반적인 상사법칙은 탄성범위에서 유도된 것으로 지진거동과 같은 비탄성 거동을 예측하는 경우에는 한계가 있기 때문에 축소모형의 실험결과를 원형 구조물에 직접 적용하는 것은 많은 주의가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 원형구조물과 축소모형에 대한 철골모형을 실험 대상으로 하여 실제 축소모형 실험결과로부터 원형구조물의 거동을 예측하는 경우의 문제점을 확인하고, 그 해결방법을 모색하고자 한다. 실제로 축소모형실험에서는 원형구조물의 경계조건을 정확히 재현하기 어려우며, 축소모형의 제작과정과 실험과정에서의 모든 오차가 강성의 변화로 반영되어 나타난다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기하학적 상사율과 축소모형의 변화된 강성비를 함께 고려한 수정된 상사법칙을 제안하였으며, 수정된 상사법칙이 적용된 축소모형에 대하여 유사동적실험을 수행하여 지진응답결과를 원형구조물의 결과와 비교하였다. 축소모형에 대한 유사동적실험결과로부터 제안된 상사법칙을 적용함으로써 원형구조물의 지진응답 재현이 효과적임을 입증하였다.

북한에서 발행된 '조선의 지질'과 남한에서 발행된 '한국의 지질'을 중심으로 남북한에서 발행된 지질학 관련문헌을 조사하여 남북한의 지질학 용어를 비교 · 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 이용된 북한의 자료에 의하면 북한에서 현재사용하고 있는 지질학 용어의 총 수는 1272개이다. 이들 지질학 용어는 지질연대학 용어가 49개, 광물학 용어가 201개, 암석학 용어가 199개, 구조지질학 용어가 257개, 고생물학 용어가 93개, 일반지질학 용어가 473개이다. 지질학 용어의 남북한 이질화 정도를 살펴보면, 전체 지질학 용어 중에서 남북한간에 표현과 의미가 같은 동음 동의어는 657개로 약 51.7%이고, 표현하는 방법에 약간의 차이는 있지만 쉽게 그 뜻이 이해되는 동의 유사어는 370개로 약 29.1%이며, 남북한간에 표현하는 방법이 달라서 쉽게 뜻이 통하지 않는 이음 동의어는 245개로 약 19.2%이다. 남북한간에 지질학 용어가 이질화된 원인은 한글 전용 원칙의 차이, 외래어 표기법의 차이, 두음법칙 적용의 차이, 붙여쓰기 표현의 차이, 서로 다른 문화의 영향 등을 들 수 있다.

최근 새로운 행정수도의 이전이 예상된 남한 중부 충청지방에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있다. 우리는 이 지역에서 1996년 9월 이후 한국교원대학교 지진관측망을 설치하석 운영 중이며, 이 관측망 중 2개 관측소에서 기록된 60개의 지진자료를 바탕으로 확장 Coda 규격화법을 이용하여 QP-1 과 QS-1을 동시에 측정하였다. 부족한 자료를 보충하기 위해서 한국지질자원연구원 관측망 중 한국교원대학교 관측망과 지리적으로 인접한 1개의 관측소에서 기록된 33개의 지진자료도 함께 분석하였다. 측정된 QP-1은 (1.9±3.0)×10-3에서 (5.4±1.5)×10-4으로, QS-1은 (2.4±1.4)×10-3에서 (6.3±1.1)×10-4으로 주파수가 3.0Hz에서 24Hz로 늘어남에 따라 줄어드는 주파수 의존적 특성을 보인다. 이 값을 주파수의 지수형태로 나타내면 QP-1=0.003f-0.62, QS-1=0.006f-0.071이다. 이 값들은 지진학적으로 안정한 전 세계의 다른 지역의 값과 유사하며 남한 남동부 지역값에 비해서는 다소 약한 주파수 의존을 나타낸다. 이는 고주파수에서 높은 Q-1값 때문이다. 남한 남동부와 충청 동부지역 간의 Q-1의 차이를 평가하기 위해서는 보다 많은 관측이 요구된다.

The Korean Corrections-Social Protection system aims at securing the custody of convicts and, at the same time, rehabilitating criminals. The system is divided into two different organizational structures: the correctional structure and the social protection structure. The former consists of detention centers, prisons, and the recidivists center. The latter consists of probation and parole offices, juvenile training schools, the center for classification and assessment of delinquents, and the center for mental disorder inmates. This article attempts to have a glance look at the problems of current organizational structures and their performance and provides recommendations to resolve the issues they have confronted. For the correctional component, the suggestions are first to establish an independent administrative entity called the Central Correctional Agency to give more flexible power and authority to the correctional officers and to make a law concerning to the status and power of correctional officers. For the social protection component, I suggest that the juvenile protection officers should be more professionalized, and that more individualized treatment is required for juvenile delinquents. In addition I also recommend that the number of probation officers should be increased and the probation programs should be more diversified.

The death penalty is one of the oldest forms of punishment, and despite its evil nature it still remains a worthy system. Ultimately, of course, the capital punishment is stepping towards extinction. Also, many countries are banning it altogether, if not already banned. However, it is rather inappropriate to say that a country that prohibits execution is a country that assures humans rights. Similarly, a person against the death penalty does not necessarily mean that he/she is a human rights activist. So far, the debate whether to continue or to abolish the capital punishment has been valued too abstractly by ethical and religious measures. It is true that the death penalty has realistic functions such as acting as the last measures to social protection, realizing judicial definition, and reducing criminal judicial cost, however, they have not been valued properly. Thus, these functions must be considered before a decision can be made whether to use the death penalty or to eliminate it from the society. The capital punishment has been used as means to control the society, the East and the West alike, from the ancient times and has undergone many changes historically. One of the main problems of the system, however, is the fact that it has been used as a political tool. Therefore, the death penalty has to be prevented altogether from being used as an instrument to rid of political opponents or to suppress minor powers or alienated groups. In addition, the system has to be strengthened by devising plans to minimize the room for error. Criminal law that allows death penalty to political offenders or public safely violators should be revised. Meanwhile, trial procedures, such as trials by jury, also need changes so that the highest level of prudence is given for the capital punishment. The capital punishment is a fearful system where human lives are take away but is also absolutely necessary. It is an appropriate retribution for those immoral members of the society who has no respect for the life of others. It also is a defense mechanism to prevent more lives from being harmed. Therefore, we must change our attitude about the death penalty to a more realistic viewpoint. In general, those criminal procedures that only protect the criminals rights should also be revised to protect the victims instead. In sum, the capital punishment will no longer be needed when the criminals that deserve the ultimate punishment no longer exist in our society.

This study deals with what is the best treatment model against offenders refer to punitive purpose, criminal cause theory, responsibility principle of criminal law and korean criminal policy etc. Because one kind of treatment model against offenders are not appropriate to view point of various the punitive purpose theories and the criminal cause theories, this study was focused on the view that a few treatment model against offenders should be combined. And it is necessary the viewpoint that each treatment models against offenders can mutually realize supplementary function. In conclusion, this study included that the combined treatment model against offenders(combined model of rehabilitation model, reintegration model and justice model) was the best model theory in treatment model against offenders. this model combined partial factors of followed three models ; -. This model fundamentally is based on the rehabilitation model. -. The excessive criminal punishment problem should be restricted by application of responsibility principle of criminal law.(justice model's factor) -. Because the nation and society produced a part of criminal cause, they correspondingly must be responsible for the criminal cause. (reintegration model's factor). Because of this reason, they have duty to make healthy social environment.

In Article 10 of our Constitutional Law in our country prescribed that “All of our people have a dignity as a humanbeing and value also have a right to puruse happiness” It has clearly defined that the human dignity is the highest value of the rule. The term “human rights” means any of human dignity, worth, liberties and rights which are guaranteed by the Constitution and Acts of the Republic of Korea or recognized by international human rights treaties entered into and ratified by the Republic of Korea and international customary law. The main objectives of the human rights are to realize the dignity and worth of the human person in order to contribute to the safeguard of the basic order of democracy. It is very important to protect and promote the inalienable and fundamental human rights of all individuals. This paper is a study on guaranteeing the Human Rights of convicted prisoners. In this thesis, aimed at groping improvement device of the convict system to establish the human rights. It is impossible only effort of The prison officer for the national human rights safeguard and improvement of the basic human, a continuous interest should be required as well as a new posture of the national consciousness for the human rights.