A combination steering system was designed to provide the flexibility in controlling the steering wheel in fishing operations of the inshore and coastal fishing vessels. The designed steering system basically is consisted of three driving units, such as a electrically driven hydraulic pump unit with a solenoid control valve, a DC motor driven hydraulic pump unit and a manually driven hydraulic pump unit, and two controllers to provide remote steering on the deck, respectively. The steering torque was measured and analyzed to investigate the dynamic performance of the developed steering system. The steering system showed excellent linearity between the working pressure of cylinder and the torque of rudder post in case of increasing in rudder angle from 5˚ to 35˚ that is, the steering torque increased from 10.4 kgf·m to 105.3 kgf·m and then the working pressure of cylinder fluctuated from 6.3 kgf/cm super(2) to 16.4 kgf/cm super(2). The steering time of 3.2 sec in remote hydraulic steering by the on/off solenoid valve control was much faster than 13.2 sec in the manual steering by the helmsman and 11.6 sec in the electric steering by a DC motor, and then it was verified that operation of one unit does not affect other units in combination steering system in any way. Furthermore, the developed steering system can be remotely controlled in multiple stations of the deck during the fishing operation and the automatic pilot steering unit can be used to add hydraulic steering.

본 논문에서는 MDO기법에 의한 핵연료교환장치의 구조해석 단계 중 핵연료교환장치의 휨 변형을 구하는 재료역학해석을 수행하였다. 이는 액체 금속로(LMR) 핵연료교환장치의 기본설계를 위하여 매우 중요하다. 해석대상 핵연료교환장치의 정적구조는 기 수행한 핵연료교환장치의 기구 동역 학 해석 결과를 활용하였다. 네 가지 핵연료교환동작에 대하여 핵연료 봉의 무게를 100㎏에서 500㎏까지 100㎏씩 증가시켜 휨 변형의 크기를 구하였다. 그 결과 회전 중심 축에서 가장 멀리 있는 핵연료 봉을 교환하는 핵연료교환동작에서 최대 휨 변형이 발생함이 밝혀졌다. 또한 이 최대 휨 변형이 발생하는 핵연료교환장치구조에 대하여 부재의 단면두께를 축소하면서, 또 단면형상을 여러 가지로 바꾸면서 휨 변형크기를 구하여 비교하였다. 비교결과 비교대상 단면형상 중에서 중공직사각형 단면이 최소 휨 변형이 발생하는 최적단면형상임이 밝혀졌다.

UBVI CCD photometry has been obtained for a region around the Wolf-Rayet star WR 12. We found two young stellar associations in the observed field: the nearer one comprises the field members of Vela OBI association at d = 1.8kpc, while the farther one is the young open cluster Bochum 7 (Bo 7) at d = 4.8kpc. The stars associated with Bo 7 showed no central concentration which suggests that Bo 7 is not a young open cluster but simply a local concentration in the density of young stars belonging to the OB association (Vel OB3). These two associations have similar ages but remarkably different mass function slopes (Γ = -2.1 ± 0.3 for Vel OBI and -1.0 ± 0.3 for Bo 7). The stars in Vel OBI shows an evident age spread (ΔT~ 9Myr). We also found two strong Hα emission stars - WR 12 and #1066 - from narrow band Hα photometry.

To improve the efficiency of in vitro production of embryos with follicular oocytes in pig, the recovery rates, in vitro fertilization and development. The results obtained were as fellows: The number of oocytes recovered 37 ovary was 1,365 by aspiration, 1,884 by slicing and 3,830 aspiration post slicing, per ovary was averaged 103.5 aspiration post slicing than 30.7 by aspiration and 50.8 by slicing (P<0.05). The percentage of grade I and II oocytes recovered was 0.05∼0.2% and 1.7∼2.3% respectively(p<0.05). The fertilization rates of ejaculate and epididymis sperm was 83.0 and 83.1%. And cleavaged rate was 60.8 and 69.0% respectively(P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between sperm sources. The clevage rates of fertilized oocyte was significantly(P<0.05) higher as B.O(92.8%) than TALP (90.1%) or mTBM (80.1%). And in vitro developed to blastocyst rates of mTBM media used for fertilization was significantly (P<0.05) higher as 12.4%, compared with the results using the media of TALP(1.6%) or B.O (0.0%). The embryos developed 2-cell stage after in vitro fertilization were co-cultured with or without POEC and BOEC in NCSU-23 and TCM-199 media. In vitro developed to blastocyst rates was NCSU-23 with POEC(2.3%) or BOEC(1.2%), but in vitro cultured in TCM-199 medium with POEC or BOEC was not developed to blastocyst. The percentage of embryos that developed to morula stage in 0, 50, 100, 200 and 250uM was 16.6, 22.0, 13.5, 19.0 and 22.0%, respectively.

This study was conducted to find out the effect of follicle size and oocyte type on in vitro maturation of poricine follicular oocytes. TCM-HEPEAS medium was used to basic medium, and the oocyte matured in vitro was stained with the Rapid staining method. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The number of follicles an ovary was 20.5. The number of A-and B-typed oocytes an ovary was 2.34. The proportion of A-and b-types oocytes was 40% of the recovery oocytes. 2. Cumulus expanison indexes(CEI) by the follicle size were 1.62∼2.34(<2mm), 1.27∼2.28(2∼5mm) and 1.46∼2.75(>5mm). It was no differ to maturation rate by the follicle size. 3. The degree of oocyte maturation based on oocyte type did not differ for B-and C-typed oocyted but the index of oocyte type A was higher than that of b-and C-typed oocytes. 4. When follicluar oocytes were cultured for 42 hours, the proportion of the Met-II(second metaphase) stage were 22.5% (degree 1), 35.4%(degree 2) and 65.5% (degree 3).

As a part of investigation to use sardine(Sardinops melanoslicta) more effectively as a food source, this study was undertaken the processing condition of rapid- and low salt-fermented liquefaction of sardine. To prepare rapid fermented products, the chopped whole sardine was added 8% NaCl and then preheating treatment at 40℃, 45℃ and 50℃ in the manufactured fermenter(180L) for 9 hrs, and then fermentation at 33℃ for 90 days. The chemical changes such as amino nitrogen(amino-N), volatile basic nitrogen(VBN), and histamine in the hydrolysates of fermented sardine were analyzed as well as viable cell count and organoleptic evaluation during fermentation to compare the quality between control and preheating samples. During fermenting, the amino-N in the hydrolysates increased rapidly during the first 30 days and slowly thereafter. The highest content of amino-N appeared at 75 days in control sample and 60~75 days in preheating samples. The changes of VBN in the hydrolysates increased rapidly during first 15 days in control samples and 30 days in preheating samples. However they were generally low level in preheating samples. Histamine content in the hydrolysates of the control samples increased markedly after 15 days, but preheating samples were generally low level, and then 75~90 days of fermentation reached to the maximum which was about 2.0~3.0 times lower than that of control samples. As for the organoleptic flavor evaluation, the control and preheating at 40℃ samples were unpleasant odor after 15 and 60 days, respectively. But preheating at 45˚ and 50˚ samples were fresh odor after 90 days fermentation.

엽록제 small HSP의 기능을 조사하기 위하여 항상적으로 발현하는 형질전환 식물체를 작성하였다. 고온 스트레스 하에서의 형질전환 식물체의 고온내성을 chlorophyll 형광으로 측정하였다. Leaf disc를 고온조건에서 5분간 처리한 후, 광화학계 II의 불활성화를 나타내는 Fo 값의 증가 또는 Fv 값의 감소치를 조사하였다. 형질전환 식물체는 고온 스트레스 하에서의 이들 값의 증감율이 현격히 감소하였다. 또한 유식물체를 에서 45분간 처리한 후, 에서 계속적으로 배양하였을 때, 비형질전환 식물체는 전부 고사하였으나, 형질전환 식물체의 약 80%는 생존하였다. 이러한 결과는 엽록체 small HSP가 고온 스트레스 하에서 광합성기구를 보호하는데 있어서 중요한 기능을 담당하고 있음을 나타낸다.

본 시험은 사양토에서 조성된 혼파초지에서 석회석의 입자도 및 패각분이 토양특성, 목초의 건물수량 및 사료가치에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 축산기술연구소 초지사료과의 시험포장에서 무처리, C a ( O H ) 2 , 도로마이트 0.5, 2.0, 4.0mm 및 패각분을 각각 중화량으로 총 6처리로 하여 '94년부터 '96년까지 실시하였다. 목초의 평균 건물수량은 소석회 > 도로마이트 2.0mm > 0.5mm > 무처리 > 4.0mm > 패각분 순이었으며 유의적인 수량차이는 없었다. 목초의 평균 조단백질 수량은 도로마이트 2.0mm > 0.5mm > 무처리 > 소석회 > 패각분 > 4.0mm 순이었다. 석회요구량은 연차가 경과할수록 ha당 2,410kg에서 4,853kg으로 크게 증가하였으며, 토양경도는 1년차와 2년차까지는 적정범위였으나 시용 후 시간이 경과할수록 토양이 단단해지는 경향이었다. 토양삼상은 도로마이트 0.5mm가 다른 처리에 비하여 고상함량이 낮았다. 이상의 결과로서 사양토에서는 도로마이트 2.0mm를 석회 대용으로 3년마다 시용하여 주는 것이 건물수량과 사료가치 측면에서 유리하다고 생각되며, 패각분은 자주 시용하는 것이 효과가 있다고 생각된다.

풋베기용 콩의 개량을 목적으로 진품 I, II호, 검정 I, II호, 황금, 석량붓콩, 장엽, 검정올콩, 보광, 만리 등 10개의 대두 품종을 재배하여 품종별 특성과 생산수량을 호숙기를 기준으로 비교하였다. 10개 품종 중 초고가 큰 품정은 검정 I(118cm), 검정 II호(114cm)와 진품 I호(114cm)와 진품 I호(114cm)이었다. 또한 생초수량은 진품 I, II호, 검정콩 II호가 각각 ha당 23,841kg, 23,499kg, 22,815kg, 건물수량은 각각 ha당 5,531kg, 5,173kg, 5,236kg으로 다른 품종에 비해 많았다. 호숙기의 대두 식물체의 잎과 줄기의 구성비율은 검정올콩과 보광을 제외하고, 모든 품종에서 잎이 많았으며 엽경비율이 가장 큰 품종은 만리(2.1), 진품 I호(1.9), 황금(1.9)였다. 대두 식물체의 건물율은 호숙기에서 조생종인 석량붓콩과 검정올콩을 제외하면 22~23.4% 사이에 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때 키가 크고, 수량이 많으며, 잎이 풋베기용으로 적합한 품종은 진품 I, 검정 II이었다.

한국산 바구미과의 좁쌀바구미아과에 속하는 Coeliodina아족, Ceutorhynchina아족, Hypurina아족, Mecysmoderina아족 및 Orobitini족을 정리한 결과 20종이 밝혀졌으며, 그 중 세모발좁쌀바구미(신칭), Cyphosenus moholeei sp. novo와 뾰족가슴좁쌀바구미 (신칭), Mecysmoderes nigrinus sp. novo 2종을 신종으로, 갈색좁쌀바구미 (신칭), Coeliodes brunneus Hustache; 띠갈색좁쌀바구미 (신칭), Coeliodes nakanoensis H Hustache; 혹좁쌀바구미 (신칭), Phytobiomorphus bifasciatus Voss; 가슴골좁쌀바구미 (신칭), Cardipennis s sulcithorax Hustache; 초록좁쌀바구미 (신칭), Ceutorhynchus diffusus (Hustache); 콘초록좁쌀바구미 (신칭), C Ceutorhynchus sulcicollis (Paykull), 쇠비름좁쌀바구미 (신칭), Hypurus bertrandi (Perris); 알좁쌀바구미 (신칭), O Orobitis apicalis Kono 8種을 韓國未記錄種으로 보고하며, 이들에 대한 성충, 생식기의 그림을 제공하였다.

This study deals with litter which has sunk and accumulated on the sea-bed of the Chinhae Bay obtained by using a beam trawler. The litter collected through the duration of survey (1997~1998) were distributed from 8.76~80.63 items/ha and 3.51~108.39 kg/ha, respectively, in quantities and weights. Especially bulky wastes(shell, tires, motorcycle and refrigerator) were composed of 76% of them, next metal and glasses, 29.5%. The seasonal variability of litters in the bay is large, as 62% in April, next August, 23%, in total weights.These discarded substances have the widespread distribution but varied in each sampled area. Therefore they exist in a significant pollutants, as threatening the fishing activities and near marine environment, and also potential damage to marine resources.

The value of the mode I interlamina fracture toughness, GIC, is calculated by experimental compliance method, modified compliance method and beam theory. The value of the mode II interlamina fracture toughness, GIC, is evaluated by beam method, theory beam theory and compliance method. This paper describes the effect of load pint displacement rate and speicimen geometries for mode I and II interlaminar fracture toughness of glass fiber reinforced plastic composites by using double cantilever beam (DCB) and end notched flexure (ENF) specimen. For the load point displacement rate of increases whereas the value of 2,6 and 10 mm/min the value of GIC decrease as load point displacement rate increases whereas the value of GIC is found to be no significant effect. The value of GIC decreases as initial crack length increases. The fractured surface of the DCB and ENF samples are examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

활성금속브레이징법으로 계면접합된 AlN/Cu 접합체의 잔류응력 완화에 미치는 Mo 중간재의 영향을 조사하였다. 유한요소법에 의한 응력 해석과 접합체 강도 측정, 파단면의 관찰을 행하였으며, 이들 결과를 비교, 분석하였다. 응력 해석 결과로부터, Mo 중간재를 사용할 경우 최대 잔류 주응력이 형성되는 위치가 AlN/삽입금속 계면으로부터 삽임금속/Mo 계면을 통하여 Mo 내부로 이동됨을 확인하였다.접합체의 자유표면에 형성되는 인장성분의 응력집중 위치는 Mo 중간재 두께가 증가됨에 따라 Cu/Mo 계면과 Mo/AlN 계면의 두 곳으로 분리되었으며, AlN측 잔류응력의 크기는 크게 감소하였다. 중간재를 사용하지 않은 경우 최대 접합강도가 52 MPa로 낮은 강도를 보였으나, 두께 400μm 이상의 Mo 중간재를 사용한 접합체의 경우, 200 MPa 이상, 최대 275 MPa의 접합강도를 얻을 수 있었다.

The purpose of this paper on Hoe (raw beef) is to investigate various kinds of its recipes, with equal focus on seasonings and sauces as well as its main and sub ingredients. The recipes of Hoe can be broadly classified into four large groups such as Salkogi Hoe(Red meat Hoe), Hankazi Naechang-yook Hoe(made from internal organs), Jap Hoe(1)(miscellaneous Meat Hoe) and Jap Hoe(II)(rolled with a whole pinenut) while the cook books written before 1945 indicate that the number of recipes reaches up to 21. The recipe of Salkogi Hoe comprises following three steps. Cut raw beef into thin strips and season them if necessary, then sprinkling sufficient pinenut powder on the strips. Its main sauce is hot pepper paste with vinegar. The recipe of Hankazi Naechang-yook Hoe uses kidney, manyplies, liver and tripes as main ingredients. Kidney should be thinly sliced with mixture of salt, seasame salt, seasame oil, and pepper as its seasonings. Regarding Manyplies, liver and tripes, there exists two possible ways to season them after cutting into strips. You can season with sesame oil and pepper or only with salt. Main ingredients of Jap Hoe(I) consist of beef, pork, kidney, manyplies, liver and tripes, among which minimum two ingredients are selected. Ingredients selected are sprinkled with pinenut powder after cutting into thin strips. And Hot pepper paste with vinegar is used as main sauce. The recipe of Jap Hoe(II) is to cut manyplies into pieces of 2Cm by 5 Cm without removing their black part and roll each piece with a whole peanut in such a manner that the peanut sticks from rolled piece.

본 실험실에서 개발된 sulfur-succinic acid의 가교제를 이용한 가교된 폴리비닐알코올 (poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA) 균일막은 15℃에서 반응이 일어나므로 복합막을 제조할 때 지지체의 가공구조을 파괴할 우려가 있어 반응온도를 10℃이하로 낮추고자 하였다. 이 때 촉매로서 염산이 사용되었고, 결과 막은 가교반응의 유무를 관찰하기 위하여 화학적.열적 분석을 행하였다. 이로부터 반응온도 10℃, 반응시간 90분, 촉매(염산) 농도 1.5%일 때 최적의 막을 제조할 수 있는 조건을 알 수 있었다. 또한 폴리설폰 한외여과 막 위에 coating하여 복합막을 제조하였으며 , 이의 분리특성을 조사하기 위하여 메틸터셔리부틸에테르/메탄올 혼합액에 대하여 조업온도 30, 40, 5℃에서 투과증발실험을 수행하였다. 실혐 결과 공급액의 온도 5℃에서 5.09g/m2hr의 투과도와 3℃에서 1622의 선택도를 얻었다.

In general, sitting balance is decreased in subjects with spinal cord injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the Functional Reach Test (FRT) which is used to measure sitting balance. The subjects of this study were 26 persons with spinal cord injury, and they were divided into three groups according to their injury level. Group I, II and III consisted of the following quadriplegics, , and paraplegics, respectively. Subjects sat on a mat table that was set at an 80 degree inclination. During three sessions, the length subjects could reach in the FRT test was measured by three physical therapists, and compared to each other. The results showed that intraclass correlation coefficients (2,1) were above 0.97 and inter-rater difference was not statistically significant. The one-way ANOVA demonstrated that reach differed between groups with lower thoracic lesion and the other test groups. In conclusion, we think modified FRT is useful and reliable method to measure the sitting balance in subjects with spinal cord injury.

일반적으로 건물수량과 암이삭비율을 사일리지용 옥수수(Zea mays L.)의 생산성 비교에서 중요한 요인으로 생각하고 있다. 그러나 사일리지용 옥수수의 품종 비교에는 사초생산성 뿐만아니라 경엽의 품질도 중요하다. 그래서 본 시험은 정부장려 8품종을 한달 간격으로 파종하였을 때 사일리지용 옥수수의 부위별 사료가치를 비교하기 위하여 수행하였다. ADF, NDF, ADL, hemicellulose 및 cellulose 함량은 경엽, 암이삭 및 전식물체 모두에서 적기파종시가 만기파종시보다 낮았다(P<0.01). 공시 품종간에는 경엽과 전식물체에서 섬유소 함량의 차이가 있었다(P<0.01). 파종기간 TDN 및 N E 1 는 경엽 및 전식물체에서 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 공시품종간 TDN 및 N E 1 는 경엽, 암이삭 및 전 식물체 모두에서 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 전 식물체에서는 공시품종중 'G4624', 'P3352' 및 'P3394'의 TDN 및 N E 1 가 다른 품종보다 높았다(P<0.05). In vitro 건물 소화율은 적기파종이 만기파종보다 높았으며(P<0.05), 또한 공시품종간에도 유의적인 차이가 있었다. ln vitro 건물소화율과 NDF, ADF, hemicellulose 및 cellulose의 상관계수는 각각 − 0.82 ∗ ∗ , − 0.7 ∗ ∗ , − 0.63 ∗ ∗ 및 − 0.69 ∗ ∗ 이었다. 이상의 연구결과를 볼 때 사일리지용 옥수수의 사료가치를 높이기 위해서는 적기파종이 옥수수의 사료가치를 증가시킬 수 있었다. 그리고 품종간 비교에서는, 특히, 경엽과 전식물체의 사료가치가 차이가 있었다. 그러므로 사일리지용 옥수수의 품종 선발에는 경엽과 전식물체의 사료가치도 중요한 요인이라고 생각된다.