After operating Early detection of slope movement and alarm system, it is found that several improvements are necessary. Especially, alarm criteria for slope movement is critical in reliable operation of the system.

Concrete structures built by 3D printing technology is formed as the several concrete layers. Thus, 3D printing technology for concrete structure could have less strength than the design. In this study, fracture energy (fracture toughness) tests for layered concrete in various condition was performed. depending on required time for stacking new layer. Based on the results of performed tests, it was found that fracture energy was decreased due to increased non-bonded time.

This paper was evaluated manufacturing properties for core material of self-healing capsules using cement powder, it was found that coagulants for coagulation of core materials were important factors in manufacturing core materials.

Recently, Earthquake occurrence in korea has become frequent, and the seismic safety of low-rise piloti buildings becomes more and more important. In this study, the differences in seismic performance between before and after reinforced by concrete filled steel tube (CFT) of low-rise central core type piloti building structures were compared.

Recently, Earthquake occurrence in korea has become frequent, and the seismic safety of low-rise piloti buildings becomes more and more important. In this study, the seismic retrofit method of low-rise eccentric core type piloti building structures using concrete filled steel tube (CFT) columns was analysed and verified for seismic performance.

In this study, we investigated the variation in free sugars, amino acids, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory activity of Solanum nigrum Linne based on harvest time. Major amino acids identified by HPLC analysis were proline, histidine, and serine. The highest content of total amino acids were found in S. nigrum aerial parts and roots harvested on July 10th and August 10th. Four kinds of free sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose) were detected in S. nigrum, and the free sugar content varied significantly with harvest time. The fructose content of S. nigrum decreased with as harvest time increased. The total polyphenol content of S. nigrum was highest in those harvested on August 30th. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extract from S. nigrum collected at different harvest times were measured by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The anti-inflammatory activity of these extracts were assayed via nitric oxide suppression in C6 glioma cells with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response. The anti-inflammatory activity and antioxidant effects were the highest in the extract from S. nigrum collected on August 30th. Good correlations were observed between antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in ethanol extract of S. nigrum roots harvested on August 30th.

The limited use of barley for food is mostly due to undesirable color and unfamiliar flavor of barley based food products. So, preventing the browning is very important in order to increase the consumption of barley. ‘Yeongbaekchal’is a new naked waxy barley cultivar which is not get discolored. It was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2013. It was derived from the cross between‘Radiant’which is a proanthocyanidin free and ‘Saechalssal’ which has characteristics of winter hardness, lodging tolerance, waxy endosperm and good cooking. The initial cross was done in 2006 and the selected line, ‘Iksan116’(HB16953-B-B-7), had no proanthocyanidin and showed good quality characteristics under yield trial test from 2012 to 2013. Heading and maturing date of ‘Yeongbaekchal’ were 3days late than those of ‘Saechalssal’. It had 90 cm of culm length and 5.0 cm of spike length. It showed 840 spikes per m2, 63 grains per spike, 25.1 g of 1,000-grain weight, and 831 g of test weight. ‘Yeongbaekchal' showed better resistance to BaYMV (Barley yellow mosaic virus) and similar water absorption rate and expansion rate with the check cultivar. Its average yield of the pearled grain in the regional yield trial was 3.42 MT/ha in paddy field, which were 5% lower than that of the check cultivar. It showed a little discoloration during the storage after cooked.

Barley breeding program of RDA (Rural Development Administration) has been develop to new hulled barley variety that has been used for malt and beer material. Through this program, we developed new two-rowed covered barley, Imaeg, with disease resistant, lodging tolerant and good malt quality for beer and Korean traditional drink ‘Sikhye’ in 2013. Imaeg showed resistant to Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV), lodging tolerant and early maturing. The regional yield trials were conducted for Imaeg as a breeding line ‘Iksan166’ during three years at four different regions. And then it was registered to Plant protection right, No. 5681 in 2015 after field experiment by KSVS (Korea Seed & Variety Service). Imaeg has I of vernalization and shorter stem length as 77cm than 7cm to control variety Hopum. Yield potential of Imaeg about 4.8ton/ha that higher about 3% in paddy field condition than control, however, it has no significant difference. In quality examination for beer usage, Imaeg has higher 1,000 grain weight (45.6g) and higher assortment ratio (93.6%) than those of Hopum as 42.6g and 90.4% respectively. In malt quality, Imaeg showed higher soluble protein, Kolbach index and diastatic power than those of Hopum significantly. In addition, Imaeg has better ‘Sikhye’ malt quality significantly in lightness of grain (58.4 L value) and growth rate (216.8%) than those of Hopum as 54.3 (L value) and 177.5% respectively. Imaeg would be suitable for cultivation at the area above -4°C of daily minimum temperature in January in Korean peninsula.

Objective of this study was to investigate the difference of cadmium (Cd) levels in rice grains from non-polluted fields and to define the gene associated with Cd uptake for producing safety food. Cd was analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The average concentration of Cd in rice grains was 0.943 μg/kg and Cd levels ranged from 0.050 to 5.699 μg/kg. Genome-Wide Association study (GWAS) based on phenotype data for Cd levels was performed. However, results of GWAS were affected by subpopulation structure and caused false positive. Therefore, GWAS for rice ecotypes (temperate Japonica, tropical Japonica, Indica, Aus, Aromatic, and Admixture) was performed to minimize false positive. GWAS results showed that Os01g0611300, Os01g0611900, Os01g0611950, Os01g0612000, Os01g0612200, Os11g0444400, Os11g0444700, Os11g0444800, and Os11g0444900 genes have significant correlation with Cd levels in rice grains. The sequences of these genes were compared to sequence positions of each other gene (haplotype analysis). According to the results of haplotype analysis, Cd levels of non-synonymous group were higher than other groups and sequence of non-synonymous group was similar to that of Indica. These results were corresponding to the previous research result that Cd levels of Indica were higher than Japonica. Therefore, candidate genes detected through GWAS need to be examined by knock-out or cross breeding.

As a first step of mapping genes conferring resistance to the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål, in Gayabyeo using a population derived from a cross between Gayabyeo and Taebaegbyeo, we performed the whole genome resequencing of these two Tongil-type rice varieties. The amount of raw sequence data was about 18.5X109 bp and 17.9X109 bp in Gayabyeo and Taebaegbyeo, respectively. After quality trimming and read mapping onto Nipponbare reference genome sequence, 9.3X109 bp was mapped in Gayabyeo with mapping depth of 25.0X, and 9.5X109 bp was mapped in Taebaegbyeo with mapping depth of 25.5X. Between Gayabyeo and Nipponbare, 1,585,880 SNPs were detected, while 1,416,898 SNPs were detected between Taebaegbyeo and Nipponbare. Between Gayabyeo and Taebaegbyeo, 284,501 SNPs were detected. Among the SNPs between Gayabyeo and Taebaegbyeo, 21.2% were in genic region and 78.8% were in intergenic region. In CDS region, 15,924 SNPs were detected, among which synonymous SNPs covered 47.3% and non-synonymous SNPs covered 52.7%. We designed Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences (CAPS) markers with SNPs in the restriction enzyme recognition sites, and 20 CAPS markers were tested. Of the 20 markers, 19 markers showed polymorphism and one marker showed monomorphism between Gayabyeo and Taebaegbyeo. It is expected that sufficient DNA markers for mapping genes with a population derived from a cross between Gayabyeo and Taebaegbyeo can be developed based on the results of the study.

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used as a rapid analysis tool to many components in cereal grains. This study was to investigate the potential NIRS application for determination of components in Korean wheat. Main components of wheat quality are protein content, moisture content, SDS-sedimentation volume and ash content. Wheat has screened for quality, hardness of seed by NIRS in CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center). NIRS calibration was used as a rapid and simultaneous analysis method to determine the wheat quality components. A total of 282 wheat samples, collected from a wide range of Korean wheat cultivation region for 2 years, were analyzed by NIRS. NIRS calibration of individual components were developed using first derivation, second derivation and modified partial least-squares regression and internal cross validation method. As a result, calibration formula of protein was y=0.937x+0.786, calibration formula of moisture was y=0.922x+0.911, calibration formula of ash was y=0.933x+0.08, calibration formula of SDS-sedimentation volume was y=0.947x+2.150. NIRS calibration for wheat quality may be useful for determining protein(R2 = 93.6), moisture(R2 = 91.6), SDS-sedimentation volume(R2 = 94.3), and ash(R2 = 93.4). This study shows that 4 calibrations of NIRS is a useful application in the accurate and rapid determination of wheat quality. Therefore, NIRS could be used to rapidly determine the quality contents of wheat for grade evaluation in a purchasing of wheat cultivation region.

This study was carried out to identify the optimum seeding dates for selecting a double-cropping system and to assess the effect of polyethylene film mulching on the yield of Proso millet. Seeds of the varieties Hwanggeumgijang and Ibaegchal were sown in Miryang on five different dates: 1st (May 25), 2nd (June 15), 3rd (June 25), 4th (July 5), and 5th (July 15), with and without polyvinyl mulching. The varieties have different characteristics, for example, Hwanggeumgijang is an early-maturing type and more sensitive to temperature, whereas Ibaegchal is a medium-maturing type and more sensitive to the duration for which it is exposed to sunlight. Late-sown Hwanggeumgijang had a short heading date from seeding and required a low accumulated temperature. It also had a shorter period of heading, a shorter culm length and a shorter diameter of stem. In contrast, it had had a higher number of ears per m2 although similar ear length and similar 1000-grain weight. The yield potential of Hwanggeumgijang was found to decrease at a late seeding date. In particular, it significantly decreased at the seeding date of July 15. In the case of cultivation with polyvinyl mulching, the period of heading was shorter by 2–4 days and the yield potential was increased by approximately 12–32%. The length and diameter of culm in Ibaegchal were slowly decreased, but the length of ear, the 1000-grain weight and the yield potential were similar for all seeding dates (except July 15) and cultivation with and without mulching. When sown late, the length and diameter of the culm of Ibaegchal very rapidly decreased by the July 15 seeding date. The protein content of Ibaegchal was higher but the amlyose content of Ibaechal was lower compared to Hwanggeumgijang. At late seeding dates, the protein contents of the two varieties increased but the amylose contents were similar.

This study aimed to identify the respiratory viral etiology and clinical features in febrile neonates and young infants younger than 3 months of age. From June 2015 to March 2016, 126 patients who admitted to the pediatrics department of Kwangju Christian Hospital due to febrile illness (body temperature ≥ 38.0℃) without definite focus of fever. We tested nasopharyngeal aspiration specimens with real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Respiratory viruses identified in 66 patients, and not identified in 60 patients. Among identified viruses, the most common pathogen was rhinovirus. Respiratory virus identified patients showed significantly higher presence of sibling (p=0.015), sibling who attending day care center (p=0.022), respiratory symptoms of family members (p=0.022), concomitant respiratory symptoms of the patient (p=0.001).

In this study, the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in meat process food and for cooking methods (pan-frying and charcoal fire). The methodology involved liquid-liquid extraction, silica gel cartridge clean-up and determination by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The recovery of 17 PAHs spiked into these samples ranged from 66.6 % to 98.0% and the coefficient of variation was less than 10%, but that of dibenz(a,h)anthracene was 16.39%. The mean concentration of total PAHs in processed samples was ND∼7.2 ng/g, whereas that pan-fried and charcoal-fired samples were ND∼22.1 ng/g and, 12.7∼367.8 ng/g, respectively. Therefore, the concentrations of total PAHs in cooked samples were higher than in original samples and charcoal-fired samples had the highest total PAH levels.

염색가공 공정 중 텐터 후처리 과정은 섬유에 다양한 기능성을 부여하기 위해 화학약품 처리 후 건열에 의한 섬유의 셋팅을 하는 단계로 건조에 필요한 고온의 열원이 필요로 한다. 고온의 열원에 의해 기계작동을 위한 윤활유가 증발되면서 유증기(Oil-mist)형태와 각종 첨가제에서 증발된 오염성분이 함께 배출되게 된다. 또한 열원 에너지 특성상 150~160℃ 고온의 폐열이 상당량 발생한다. 염색가공 산업의 에너지 비용은 제품가격의 상승을 가져오고 있으며 이에 따른 저인금 개발도상국간의 경쟁력 저하를 발생시키고 있어 배기되는 폐열을 회수/재이용을 하는 시스템 도입이 시급한 과제이다. 기존 텐터후단에서 발생되는 폐열을 회수하기 위한 연구사례가 있지만 배기가스 중 함유된 분진 및 폐유로 인한 열교환 모듈의 폐쇄에 따른 열교환 효율 미비로 성공적인 상용화 모델이 없는 실정이다. 이를 해결하고자 섬유업종 텐터 후단에서 발생되는 고온의 배기가스를 전단 열교환식 스크라바와 건식전기집진 기술을 접목하여 폐열 회수와 동시에 악취유발물질인 폐유를 회수하고 회수 된 폐유는 정제연료유로써 재활용 가능성을 평가하였다. 본 연구를 위해 400CMM 규모의 열교환 스크라바 건식전기집진 시설을 부산에 위치한 ‘D’사의 염색가공업체에 설치하여 폐열에너지 회수량, 폐유 회수량, 회수된 폐유의 총발열량등을 평가 하였다. 평가 기술 적용대상 업체는 합섬 섬유(폴리에스테르)원료로 해포, 염색, 가공 등의 공정을 거쳐 염색된 화학섬유를 제품으로 생산하는 염색 가공업체로 360 m3 용량의 텐터 1대를 보유 하고 있다. 기존 개발된 건식전기집진시설의 낙모와 폐유로 인한 집진모듈의 오염으로 인한 관리 어려움을 개선하기 위한 열교환식 스크라바를 적용 하여 부산 염색공단내 보급화에 성공하였다. 운전 성능 평가 결과 회수되는 폐유는 0.032 L/m3･hr으로 평균 수분량 8.1~8.2%의 양질의 폐유를 회수 하였으며 발열량은 100,444 kcal/kg으로 B-C유 발열량과 유사 하였다. 배기가스에서 회수된 폐열(에너지)회수량은 평균 발생량 대비 67%인 16 kcal/m3･hr이며 암모니아와 톨루엔의 제거효율 70%이상의 우수한 결과를 나타냈다.

폴리에틸렌(PE) 수지로 피복된 0.4 ~ 0.9 mm 굵기의 가는 동선으로 구성된 세(細)전선은 전기 및 통신분야에서 저전력선과 통신선으로 차지하는 비중이 매우 높다. 최근 광케이블 등의 대체 통신선이 개발되기 전 대부분이 이와 같은 폐세전선을 이용한 통신선을 사용하였으며 최근 3~4년 전부터 연간 발생되는 폐전선의 양은 날로 증가 추세이다. 일반적으로 사업장 폐기물 중 일반폐기물 중 폐세전선 중 70 ~ 80%(w/w)는 구리성분으로 알려져 있으며, 나머지 부분은 기본적으로 외피 및 내피로 구성되어 있으며, 차폐재가 포함된 경우도 있다. 기름성분을 5%이상 지정폐기물 중 폐유로 분류되는 폐세전선은 기름성분이 5% 이상 함유되는 것을 지칭하며 최근에는 거의 사용되지는 않지만, 현재까지 매설된 그 양이 45만톤에 이르며, 이를 광케이블 등으로 대체하는 과정에서 지속적으로 발생하고 있는 실정이다. 국내 기술은 대부분 폐전선을 재활용기술 개발로 발달이 되어 있고 일부 젤리충진케이블인 통신선 재활용 특허도 있지만 고온열분해 방식과 탈피시키는 기술과 용매를 이용한 방법을 사용하고 있다. 용매를 이용해서 재생처리를 할 경우 용매의 단가가 매우 비싸 경제성이 떨어지며 폐용매를 처리해야하는 2차 폐기물을 발생한다는 단점이 있으며 열분해 방법은 높은 에너지가 소비되는 단점이 있다. 따라서 상대적으로 단가가 싸며 분리하기 위해 사용되어지는 열매체유 또한 식용유를 이용하여 효율적으로 구리 와 PE수지를 분리 할 수 있는 경제적이고 친환경적인 기술을 제시하고자 한다. 기존 방법 및 기술로 재활용이 난해한 폐세전선의 식물성오일을 이용하여 부수적인 환경오염 없이 단순한 시설로 순수한 구리와 PE수지를 분리 회수할 수 있는 기술이며, 개발기술의 평가방법에서 가장 중요한 것은 구리의 회수율이라고 할 수 있다. 제안 하는 기술에서는 공정 투입 폐세전선 전체에서 불량률 5%이하의 높은 공정효율과 케이블의 재활용방법 중 소각, 화학적처리, 기계적처리 등에 비해 낮은 온도, 낮은 반응성, 적은 기계적 마찰 등으로 인하여 케이블 본연이 지닌 구리의 순도를 그대로 회수할 수 있는 장점이 있다.