The purpose of this study is to analyze the body type characteristics of tall adult men aged 20 to 69 years to present base material on body dimensions for men’s clothing companies. The research method comprised statistical analysis of 3D measurements after selecting items from the 8th Korean human body size survey related to the torso body types of 495 adult men who were at least 178cm tall. As a result, six factors were extracted, and the total explanatory variable of the entire factor was shown to be 80.499%. As a result of cluster analysis using this as an independent variable, three types were derived: Type 1, “a normal body type with an oval cross-sectional shape” (37.6%), with a larger vertical size and an oval chest cross-sectional shape compared to other types; Type 2: a “cylindrical thick body shape” (31.1%), which is the first stage of BMI obesity, with narrow shoulders and a cylindrical shape with a round cross-section; Type 3, “a body shape with broad shoulders and developed chest parts” (31.3%), with a horizontal size similar to Type 2 above the waist, but similar to Type 1 below. The results of this study are expected to be used as a basis for a clothing dimension system and clothing development for tall men reflecting the characteristics of the torso.

본 연구는 국내 수상스포츠 시설의 서비스스케이프가 고객만족 및 참여행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 규명하여 운영방안의 기초자료를 제공하고자 했다. 따라서 수상스포츠 시설을 경험한 사람들 중 20대 이상 참여자를 표본으로 선정했다. 조사는 2022년 4월 25일부터 7월 15일까지 비대면으로 실시했 으며, 총 243부의 데이터를 최종 분석에 이용했다. 자료처리는 SPSS(ver. 21.0) 프로그램을 활용해 빈도분 석, 탐색적 요인분석, 문항내적일관성, 상관분석, 단순 및 다중회귀 분석을 실시했다. 본 연구의 주요 결과, 첫째, 수상스포츠 시설 서비스스케이프가 편리성, 공감성, 시설환경 순으로 가치에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘쨰, 수상스포츠 시설 고객만족이 참여행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 수상스포 츠 시설 서비스스케이프가 시설환경, 서비스, 편의성, 공감성 순으로 참여행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나 타났다.

In this study, we compared the microbial reduction effects of drying, hot water, and microwave sterilization in scourers and dishcloths to suggest a most suitable sterilization method. Three scourer types (silver, copper, and mesh) were used, and three dishcloth types (silver, bamboo, and cotton) were used. Drying time dependent reduction in Escherichia coli was high in silver and copper scourers, but minimal bacterial reduction was obtained against Bacillus cereus in all scourers and dishcloths. In scourers, E. coli was not detected after ≥30 s of hot water sterilization at 77oC, and B. cereus was not detected after ≥60 s of hot water sterilization at 100oC. In dishcloths, E. coli was not detected after hot water sterilization at 77oC for ≥30 s, but B. cereus was detected after hot water sterilization at 100oC for ≥60 s. In scourers, E. coli was not detected after microwave sterilization at 700 W for 3 min, but B. cereus was detected. In dishcloths, E. coli was not detected after microwave sterilization with 700 W for ≥1 min, but B. cereus was detected in the cotton dishcloth even after sterilization for 3 min. In conclusion, the use of antimicrobial scourers (silver and copper) and dishcloths (silver and bamboo) are not sufficient to reduce the microbial contamination. The guideline provided by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety suggesting dishcloth sterilization via hot water at 100oC for 30 s was also found to be insufficient. Based on our research, we suggest that the most effective methods of microbial management are submerging scourers in hot water at 100oC for ≥1 min, and sterilizing dishcloths for ≥3 min using a 700 W microwave.

본고는 남한지역의 생활 유구와 분묘에서 출토된 유경식 석검의 속성을 검토해 형식분류하고 이를 통해 지역성 및 전개 양상, 석검의 성격과 기능 추정을 목적으로 하였다. 남한지역을 다섯 개 권역으 로 세분하고, 계측형과 명목형 속성을 검토한 결과, 기존 연구에서 주목했던 경부 길이는 검신부 길이 와 무관하게 2~5.4cm 범위에서 제작되어, 본고에서는 형식분류 기준을 경부 길이가 아닌 경부 형태, 전체 길이, 최대폭 위치로 설정해 11개 형식으로 구분하였다. 방사성탄소연대 측정치와 공반유물을 종합해 지역·형식별 시간성을 검토한 결과 전 지역에서 전기 후반부터 유경식 석검이 등장했고, ⅠA 식 석검이 선호되었음을 확인하였다. 중기에는 석검의 크기와 경부 형태의 다양성이 확인되었고, 생 활 유구와 더불어 분묘에도 부장되기 시작하였다. 그러나 전기 물질문화 전통이 지속되었던 중부, 강 원, 영남 동해안 권역에서는 여전히 생활 유구에서만 사용되었고 분묘 부장 사례는 송국리 문화가 확 산된 권역에서 확인되어, 유경식 석검의 분묘 부장은 송국리 유형의 확산 결과로 이해하였다. 한편 중 부지역은 각형토기 문화권과 형태적 유사성이 높은 Ⅳ형식 석검, 전기부터 9개의 형식이 등장했으나 소멸 양상이 이르게 확인되는 점, 물질문화의 이동 방향을 고려했을 때 남한지역에서 유경식 석검의 확산은 중부지역을 통해 이루어진 것으로 이해하였다.

High-income mushroom crops require complex farming. Therefore, we conducted a test to identify the optimum temperature for the production of antler-shaped Ganoderma lucidum using the King Oyster mushroom cultivation facility. T-N showed 0.28% of oak sawdust and 2.2% of nutritional source. The pH of oak sawdust was 6.0, indicating weak acidity, and that of rice steel was 6.6, indicating neutrality in nutrition source. Study on the quality characteristics of mushrooms showed that the number of days at 25°C were 5~6 and those at 30°C were 3~5; the representative length at 25°C was 57.5 mm and that at 30°C was 92.2 mm; the biological weight at 25 °C was 43 g, which was greater than that at 30°C.

Despite the long history of mushroom use, studies examining the genetic function of mushrooms and the development of new varieties via bio-molecular methods are significantly lacking compared to those examining other organisms. However, owing to recent developments, attempts have been made to use a novel gene-editing technique involving CRISPR/Cas9 technology and genetic scissors in mushroom studies. In particular, research is actively being conducted to utilize ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) that can be genetically edited with high efficiency without foreign gene insertion for ease of selection. However, RNPs are too large for Cas9 protein to pass through the cell membrane of the protoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, guide RNA is unstable and can be easily decomposed, which remarkably affects gene editing efficiency. In this study, nanoparticles were used to mitigate the shortcomings of RNP-based gene editing techniques and to obtain transformants stably. We used Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushroom) Sanjo705-13 monokaryon strain, which has been successfully used in previous genome editing experiments. To identify a suitable osmotic buffer for the isolation of protoplast, 0.6 M and 1.2 M sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, and KCl were treated, respectively. In addition, with various nanoparticle-forming materials, experiments were conducted to confirm genome editing efficiency via the formation of nanoparticles with calcium phosphate (CaP), which can be bound to Cas9 protein without any additional amino acid modification. RNPs/NP complex was successfully formed and protected nuclease activity with nucleotide sequence specificity.

The purpose of this study was to breed a variety of stable productivity and high storage characteristics of white Hypsizygus marmoreus, which has high demand at domestic and global market due to a low bitter taste and the preference for white species. Accordingly, ‘Baekmaru’ was bred by hybridizing brown and white cap color species and backcrossing with white species. The ‘Baekmaru’ variety was bred by crossbreeding the brown and white species and backcrossing the white species. Through repeated cultivation of ‘Baekmaru’, a variety with a low contamination rate was selected when culturing the spawn for stable cultivation. As a results of demonstration test, the yield of ‘Baekmaru’ was 14% higher than that of the commercial variety. In addition, among the fruiting body characteristics of ‘Baekmaru’, diameter and thickness of the pileus were 16.43±15.27mm and 6.46±0.58mm, which were slightly higher than the commercial variety, and the hardness was 2.69±0.89N for the pileus and 3.09±0.89N for the stipe. The shelf life showed less change in thickness and color of pileus compared to commercial variety. The hardness of pileus of 'Baekmaru' was maintained in the range of 3.5 to 4.0N in the 4oC and 4oC and 20oC mixed treatment until 30 days of storage, and was higher than that of the commercial variety. Therefore, it was suggested to be excellent in storability.

As the importance of public health increases with the spread of infectious diseases, functionality has become a factor affecting consumers’ purchase of mushrooms. Therefore, the bioactive components of button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus), which are generally known to promote button mushroom consumption, were analyzed. White and brown button mushrooms were compared and white beech mushroom (Hypsizygus marmoreus) were used as a control. White button mushrooms had higher sugar and inorganic potassium concentrations than brown button mushrooms, whereas sodium, magnesium, and vitamin C concentrations were not significantly different between the different button mushrooms. Moreover, there was approximately twice as much ergosterol in white button mushrooms than brown button mushrooms. Brown button mushrooms had higher concentrations of β-glucan and oxalic acid than white button mushrooms, but there was no significant difference in total organic acid content between the two mushroom types. High concentrations of the essential amino acids, ergothioneine, isoleucine, and leucine and the non-essential amino acids, glycine and alanine, were observed. Concentrations of the vitamin B group and total polyphenols were also high.