최근 각종 해양사고 발생으로 인하여 해양 관련한 안전사고에 대한 문제들이 대두되고 있다. 이러한 사고 중 우리나라 연안에 위치 한 31개소 무역항의 지정된 정박지 중 특히 외해개방형 정박지 경우 기상악화로 인하여 유효한 선박 파주력을 확보하지 못함으로서 주묘가 발 생하여 사고 위험이 많아지고 있으나 정박선박의 안전성 확보나 정박지의 효율적인 운영을 위한 체계적인 정박지 안전관리 기준안은 미흡한 실정이다. 또한, 항만의 지리적인 위치 및 지형적인 특성으로 인하여 특정 조건의 외력에 취약한 외해 개방형 정박지 경우에는 태풍은 물론 강 한 돌풍 등에 의해 선박은 주묘 가능성이 높아지고 이로 인한 2차 사고 발생이 우려된다. 본 논문에서는 외해개방형 정박지의 사례로 포항항의 경우 최근 주묘로 인한 해양사고 사례를 검토하여 입출항 선박의 크기별 한계외력을 계산하고 정박지 안전성을 확보할 수 있는 한계 외력을 선박 크기별 한계외력의 기준을 정하는 연구로 기존 개별 선박의 정박안전성 평가에 관한 연구들과 달리 정박선박의 안전성 확보 및 효율적인 정박지 운영을 위해 필요한 정박지 관리에 관한 기초적인 기준으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

장군광산은 과거 갱도채굴한 폐금속광산으로 위치는 N36° 51'31.59", E129° 03'38.91"에 위치하고 있다. 산사면에 적치해 놓은 광미 적치장은 상부에 오염되지 않은 토양으로 약 20 cm 정도 복토한 후 아카시아를 식재해 놓은 상태이다. 광미 적치장에 식재해 놓은 아카시아는 대략 15년생 정도이다. 광미 적치장에서 채취한 토양시료의 중금속 농도는 As (66.43-9325.34 ㎎/㎏), Cd (0.96-1.09 ㎎/㎏), Cu (16.90-57.60 ㎎/㎏), Pb (57.33-945.67 ㎎/㎏), Zn (154.48-278.61 ㎎/㎏)으로 비오염 토양인 대조군의 As (38.98 ㎎/㎏), Cd (0.42 ㎎/㎏), Cu (10.26 ㎎/㎏), Pb (8.21 ㎎/㎏), Zn (46.74 ㎎/㎏) 보다 훨씬 높다. 가장 오염도가 높은 토양에 식재된 아카시아의 잎에서의 As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn의 농도는 각각 165.95, 0.04, 10.68, 3.18, 48.11 ㎎/㎏이다. 비오염 토양에 식재되어 있는 아카시아의 잎에서의 중금속 농도는 As 1.31㎎/㎏, Cu 3.90 ㎎/㎏, Pb 0.22 ㎎/㎏, Zn 11.01 ㎎/㎏이다. 아카시아에서의 중금속의 농집도는 껍질과 잎에서 높으며 심재와 변재에서 낮은 경향을 나타낸다.

The ‘Cheongun’ is a rice variety derived from a cross between ‘Suweon462’ which has translucent milled rice and medium maturity and ‘Milyang192’ that the elite line has a bacterial blight resistance and mid-late maturing property by the rice breeding team at NICS, RDA in 2012. The heading date of ‘Cheongun’ is August 13 and five days later than check variety, ‘Hwaseong’. It has 87 cm of culm length and 114 spikelets per panicle. It showed weaker cold tolerance than that of ‘Hwaseong’while exposed to cold stress. ‘Cheongun’ showed resistance to blast disease, K1, K2 and K3 race of bacterial blight and stripe virus, but susceptible to K3a race, other viruses and planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and short grain shape. It has similar protein content (6.7%) and amylose content (19.5%) to that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Cheongun’ showed better palatability index of cooked rice than that of ‘Hwaseong’. Its milled rice recovery rate is similar to those of ‘Hwaseong’. However, whole grain rate of milled rice is higher than that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Cheongun’ has 4.98 MT/ha of milled rice productivity in ordinary cultivation. ‘Cheongun’ could be adaptable to the middle plain area in Korea (Registration No. 5114).

‘Jungmo1029’, a late-maturing, high biomass and multiple disease resistant rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, was developed for whole crop silage (WCS) use. It was derived from a cross between ‘Gillim collection1’ with high biomass and ‘Junam’ which has some of diseases resistant genes. This elite cultivar had about 127 days growth period from seeding to heading, 105 cm culm length, 11 panicles per hill, 163 spikelets per panicle and 1,000-grain weight of 21.5 g as brown rice. This WCS rice variety was weak to cold stresses similar to ‘Nokyang’ but was tolerant to lodging in the field. In addition, ‘Jungmo1029’ was resistant to leaf and neck blast, bacterial blight except race K3a and rice stripe virus but susceptible to brown planthopper. Its average dry matter yield for three years reached 17.1 MT/ha, 14% higher than that of ‘Nokyang’. This stay green cultivar had good quality for WCS with low acid detergent fiber and high total digestible nutrients similar to ‘Nokyang’.‘Jungmo1029’ was suitable for cultivation in the central and southern plain area of the South Korean peninsula and required to harvest 15~30 days after heading to improve the digestibility of cattle (Registration No. 5104).

There are farmer’s demands to develop early-maturing cultivar in order to replace Odae variety to mid-northern inland plain and southern mountainous area of Korea. Saeodae was developed by the rice breeding team of Cheolwon Substation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2012. This cultivar was derived from the cross between Geuroobyeo and Suweon 472 in 2001 summer season, and selected by a promising line, SR27376-2-2-1-3, was selected and designated as the line of Cheolweon 81 in 2010. The local adaptability test of Cheolweon 81 was carried out at four locations from 2010 to 2012 and it was named as Saeodae. The heading date of Saeodae is July 25 in Cheolwon area, which is 2 days earlier than that of Odae. This variety has 66cm in culm length and 77 spikelets per panicle. Its 1,000 grain-weight of brown rice is 26.5 g, which is similar to that of Odae. Germination rate at low temperature of this variety is about 70%, and viviparous germination is 17.7%. Cold tolerance of this cultivar is still not good, just mediocre. It shows strong lodging resistance. And premature heading, occurrence of wilting during ripening stage, and leaf senescence at maturing are similar to those of Odae. This variety shows resistance to leaf blast disease, but susceptible to bacterial blight, virus disease and insect pest. This variety has translucent and clear milled rice kernel without white core and belly rice. The yield potential of Saeodae was about 5.26 MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level in local adaptability test for three years. This variety would be adaptable to mid-northern inland plain and southern mountainous area of Korea.

A rice variety ‘Dabo‘ is a japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) with good eating quality, lodging tolerance, and resistance to rice stripe virus (RSV) and blight bacterial disease(BB). It is developed by the rice breeding team of Yeongdeog Substation, National Institute Crop Science, RDA in 2012. This variety derived from a cross between ‘Yeongdeog31’ with good plant type and ‘Milyang165’ with good eating quality conducted in 2001/2002 winter season. A promising line, YR23160-31-2-1-5-B-3, selected by pedigree breeding method was designated as the name of ‘Yeongdeog53’ in 2009. After the local adaptability test was carried out at seven locations from 2010 to 2012, ‘Yeongdeog53’ was released as the name of ‘Dabo’ in 2012. ‘Dabo’ is short culm length as 69 cm and medium-growth duration. This variety is resistant to races, K1, K2, and K3 of bacterial blight and stripe virus and moderately resistant to leaf blast disease. ‘Dabo’ has translucent and clear milled rice kernel without white core and belly rice, and good eating quality as a result of panel test. The yield potential of ‘Dabo’ in milled rice is about 5.90 MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level of local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to south plain, east-south costal area, and south mid-mountainous area.

This study was conducted to develop the early maturing rice lines with genes conferring resistance to bacterial blight and rice stripe virus to enhance the adaptability in plain area. Unkwang carrying Xa3 was used as a recurrent parent and SR30075 carrying Xa4+xa5+Xa21+Stvb-i was used as a donor parent. RL1(Resistant Line, BC1F7), RL2, RL3, RL4, and RL5(BC2F6) were bred through bio-assay of K3a race inoculation and phenotypic selection of agronomic traits. The presence of introduced genes was confirmed by testing the resistance levels against bacterial blight and rice stripe virus and then double-checked by using DNA marker. RL1 has all target genes, Xa3+xa5+Xa21+Stvb-i. RL2, RL3, and RL5 have Xa3+Xa21+Stvb-i whereas RL4 has only Xa21. Rice lines carrying Stvb-i showed resistance reaction to rice stripe virus. The combinations of bacterial blight resistant genes(Xa3+xa5+Xa21 and Xa3+Xa21) were found to be promising, as the rice lines carrying these genes enhanced a strong resistant reaction against 16 bacterial blight isolates. Also, the inoculation of K3a race did not alter the brown rice yield, ripened grain ratio and kernel quality of brown rice compared to control. Although RL1 containing all the target resistance genes showed excellent resistance performance, it is not suitable to cultivate in plain area due to instability to lodging, 80% yield level than Unkwang, and low grain quality. RL5 backcrossed twice with Unkwang was found to be a promising line due to its effective resistance gene combination, Xa3+Xa21+Stvb-i and good agronomic traits such as stability to lodging, higher yield and quality compared to Unkwang.

방사성폐기물 심지층 처분시스템의 안전성평가에서는 일반적으로 정상 시나리오 이외에 심지층 처분시스템이 외부 요인에 의해서 영향을 받는 비정상 시나리오를 추가적으로 고려하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 방사성폐기물 심지층 처분시스템의 비정 상 시나리오를 포함하는 복합피폭 시나리오에 대한 안전성평가를 위하여 비정상 시나리오를 구성하는 비정상 사건으로 지 진의 국내 발생 특성을 조사하였다. 이를 위하여, 국내(한반도)의 지진 자료에 대한 통계·확률적인 접근법으로 발생 특성을 조사하고, 이를 통해 미래의 지진 발생 특성을 예측하는 방법론과 함께 계산 예를 소개하였다. 그 결과, 국내 연간 지진 발생 빈도는 자료의 종류에 따라 그리고 최소 유효 지진규모에 따라 0.4 /yr에서 36.2 /yr까지 넓게 분포되었다. 최종적으로, 처분 시스템 안전성평가의 보수성 측면에서 위의 범위 내 최대값인 36.2 /yr가 국내 연간 지진 발생 빈도로써 제안되었고, 처분시 스템의 면적비를 고려하여 처분시스템 영향 반경 내 연간 지진 발생 빈도는 5.4×10-4 /yr로 계산되었다. 그리고, 이때의 최소 유효 지진 규모는 2.3이었다. 본 연구는 앞으로 비정상 사건들이 처분시스템에 미치는 영향에 대한 추가 연구와 함께 향후 복합피폭 시나리오를 고려한 심지층 처분시스템의 안전성평가 신뢰도 향상에 크게 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

In empirical studies on rural development projects, differentiation tends to be considered a strategy aimed at increasing the number of visitors. Rural development projects include the improvement of living environment, and the discussion about project goals and evaluation of project results are often focused on the aspect of rural tourism. Thus, subjective benefits of such projects for residents are omitted. This study examines the meaning of differentiation from the perspective of residents and explores the validity of the number of visitors and the possibility of reflecting residents' subjective score as evaluation indicators for a project. To achieve such an objective, this study uses survey data collected from 153 people in 38 comprehensive development projects in areas of Eup and Myeon, Korea. The results of this study show that differentiation is viewed as a by-product of positive improvement from a rural development project, from the perspective of residents. The effects of rural development are classified into two dimensions: socioeconomic effects and living environmental effects. Landscape improvement is included in the dimension of living environmental effects and an increase in the number of visitors is included in the dimension of socioeconomic effects. As such, they are confirmed to be the factors that determine the level of differentiation. For example, the increase in the number of visitors is confirmed to be a valid indicator of project success, in which two-dimensional characters are reflected. The level of differentiation evaluated by residents is a result of the workings of the above two factors. Unlike in previous studies, the possibility of evaluation based on the perception of residents is confirmed in the evaluation of results. When the level of differentiation is interpreted as the direct result of a project, the number of visitors has an impact on socioeconomic effects, and the project content of landscape improvement has an impact on living environmental effects. The goal of policy and residents is the same in terms of the effort residents may make in maximizing results of a project by themselves; thus, the government's goal is achieved even when a project is carried out under the autonomy of residents. Ultimately, the government should focus on providing conditions in which active citizen participation can not only occur but help to establish a policy direction, which subsequently strengthens the substantial rights of residents.

In this study, to targeting Songpa of Seoul, were analyzed the effect on the noise mitigation in roadside buffer green spaces. Noise of Songpa Street buffer green space was determined to be higher during the day than at night. In addition, it was most of 60 db or more. However, the noise reduction function of the buffer green was not greatly affected by time. In the case of noise reduction rate, during the day time it was the order of the mounding type (18.14%)> plain type (5.73%)> slope type (4.08%), And, in the case of night time, it was the order of the mounding type (11.29%)> slope type (10.22%)> plain type (4.42%). Noise reduction rate, all of the daytime, was the highest in the mounding type. As a result of the factors on the amount of reduction of noise, More physical structure is mounding type, green structure is the stratification of green space, and the number of individuals is large, the higher the tree planting density, it is determined that the noise reduction effect is high. Also, factors affecting the noise reduction effect of the day and night were different.

본 연구에서는 압축강도 24MPa 이상 열전도율이 기존 콘크리트보다 2배 감소된 구조용 단열성능 향상 콘크리트를 개발하고 현장적용 하기 위한 실험을 진행하였다. 슬럼프 및 공기량 시험결과 Plain과 규조토 미분말을 사용한 배합은 경과시간에 따라 슬럼프와 공기량 저하 가 나타났으며, 마이크로기포제를 사용한 배합은 슬럼프와 공기량 저하가 나타나지 않았다. 또한 단열성능 향상 재료를 사용한 배합의 단위 용적질량은 Plain 대비 감소하였다. 압축강도는 단열성능 향상 콘크리트가 Plain보다 감소한 결과를 나타내었으나 목표강도 24MPa를 만족 하였으며, 열전도율은 Plain보다 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 단열성능 향상 콘크리트의 동결융해 저항성은 Plain과 유사하였고, 중성화 저항 성은 규조토 미분말을 사용한 배합이 재령 4주에 Plain과 유사했으며, 마이크로기포제를 사용한 배합은 Plain보다 중성화 저항성이 저하되 었고, 길이변화율은 Plain보다 전체적으로 증가되었다.