Adsorption and desorption characteristics of the representative 10 kinds components consisting of gasoline vapor on activated carbon were investigated at the temperature range of -30℃∼25℃. The breakthrough curves of each vapors obtained by the Thomas model were well described the breakthrough experimental results of this study. The breakthrough times of each vapors were correlated with the molecular weight, density, and vapor pressure. The breakthrough times had greater correlation with boiling point than molecular weight and density. The slope of the breakthrough curve was a proportional relationship with the rate constant (k) of Thomas model expression. The higher the slope of the breakthrough curve, the rate constant was larger. The biggest slope vapor had the smallest adsorption capacity (qe). Adsorption and desorption characteristics of mixed vapor similar to the gasoline vapor were studied at room temperature (25℃). The mixed vapor consisting of 9 components; group A (pentane, hexene, hexane), group B (benzene, toluene), group C (octane, ethylbenzene, xylene, nonane) was examined. Group A was not nearly adsorbed because of substitution by group C, and the desorption capacity of group A was smaller than group C. The adsorbed substances were confirmed to be Group C.

Field emergence of Azuki bean is poor due to hard seed coat as compared to other legumes. In this study, an attempt was made to develop prediction method with regression analysis based on various seed vigor tests in laboratory for field emergence of azuki bean. Azuki bean seeds artificially aged to provide various levels of seed quality were evaluated by the standard germination test (SGT), cold germination test (CT), cool germination test (CGT), complex stressing vigor test (CSVT), tetrazolium(TZ) vigor test and electroconductivity test. The SGT was suitable for predicting the field emergence in the unaged high vigor seeds. The abnormal seedling percentage and shoot length in the CGT were highly correlated with field emergence of moderate vigor seeds artificially aged for 2 days. Electroconductivity, seed viability in the CSVT, and vigor and predicted germinability in the tetrazolium vigor test were also useful for predicting field emergence. Percent of ungerminated seed in the CSVT was correlated with field emergence in the low vigor seeds artificially aged for 4 days. In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, seed viability in the SGT, normal seedling percentage and dry matter weight in the CGT accounted for 86.9% of the predicted value of field emergence in azuki bean.

The purpose of this study was to develop the cost-effective and efficiency seed longevity prediction method of rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm for viability monitoring. To find an optimum predicting method for rice seed longevity at genebank, an accelerated ageing (AA) test, a controlled deterioration (CD) test and a dry-heat treatment (DHT) were conducted to the four groups of rice germplasm based on ecotype, such as Indica, Japonica, Javanica and Tongil type. Among the three artificial aging treatments, the dry-heat treatment of 36 hours at 90°C is suggested as a routine predictive test method of rice germplasm longevity at a genebank. The distribution of germination rate on 3,066 accessions which conserved 26.5 years at 4°C showed similar trend with the result of distribution by dry-heat treatment at 90°C on 36 hours using 106 accessions of rice selected samples which composed four ecotype groups. The results show that the dry-heat treatment affect not only predicting the rice seed longevity but also determining effective interval for monitoring germination of rice germplasm in genebanks.

The purpose of this study was to know the seed longevity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm for effective viability monitoring. The longevity was determined via germination tests of 3,066 accessions of rice germplasm from the National Agrobiodiversity Center, Rural Development Administration, Korea. The rice germplasm accessions have been conserved at a mid-term storage (4°Csealed metal can on either sides for 25~26.5 years. The final germination percentages of 3,066 rice germplasm accessions of 6.5±1.0% seed moisture content with 94% initial germination stored at 4°C for 26.5 years declined to 47% while at -18°C for 25 years maintained high germinability as 93%. Germination time courses, which represent the average performance of rice ecotypes stored at 4°C and 30% RH, were fitted regression equation, to calculate the time at which germination characteristically declined to 50% (P50). These P50 values of Indica, Japonica, Javanica and Tongil type in rice were 39.9, 22.9, 25.4 and 31.8 years, respectively. The rice germplasm stored at 4°C could be clustered in 4 groups using quartile of final germination after 26.5 years storage. The seed longevity (P50) of each group was estimated by regression equation of changed germination percentages according to storage periods. The P50 values of group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ, group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ were 21.1, 23.6, 30.0 and 75.7 years.

수변공간개발 사례를 중심으로 문화예술을 활용한 도시공간 재생의 의미를 이해해 보고자 한다. 특히 지역문화의 활성화를 핵심적 인 의도로 가지는 문화도시전략에서 문화예술의 역할을 해항도시의 수변공간개발에서 문화정책 및 그 실현과정을 통해 고찰한다. 이를 위해 수변공간을 둘러싼 역사적 건축물이나 수변 경관 등 개성적이고 매력 있는 도시경관과 지역자원을 활용하여 문화예술공간 창출을 통한 성공 적인 수변공간개발을 진행하고 있는 일본 요코하마를 대상으로 살펴본다. 요코하마는 일본의 ‘문화예술창조도시’ 전략의 일환으로 ‘창조도시 요코하마’라는 문화정책을 펼치고 있는데, 그 중 공간계획정책이라고 할 수 있는 ‘내셔널 아트 파크 구상’은 문화예술공간 창출을 통해 수변공 간 재생을 실현하고 있다. 이 사업의 기본적 의도와 구체적 실행과정 등을 살펴봄으로써 해항도시의 수변공간개발에서 문화예술이 가지는 역 할을 이해하고 수변공간 재생에 있어서 문화정책의 방향성에 대해 검토한다.

시중에 유통 중인 산화형 염모제 28건을 대상으로 접촉성피부염 유발 성분 함량 조사를 수행하여, 관련 분야에 기초자료를 제공하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 접촉성피부염을 유발하는 물질로 산화염료 10종(p-phe-nylenediamine, toluene-2,5-diamine, m-phenylenediamine, nitro-p-phenylenediamine, p-amino-phenol, m-aminophenol, o-aminophenol, p-methylaminophenol, N,Nˊ-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-p-phenyl-enediamine sulfate, 2-methyl-5-hydroxyethylaminophenol)과 중금속 4종(니켈; Ni, 크롬; Cr, 코발트; Co, 구리; Cu)을 선정하였다. 10종의 접촉성피부염 유발 산화염료의 함량조사를 위하여 헥산-2% 아황산나트륨을 이용하여 빠르고 간단하게 시료전처리를 하였고, 초고성능액체크로마토그래피를 이용하여 분석시간이 12 min으로 짧은 동시분석조건을 확립하였다. 분석 결과 10종의 산화염료 성분은 제품에 표기된 성분이 모두 확인되었고, 각 성분의 농도는 의약품등 표준제조규정에 제시된 사용할 수 있는 농도상한 이하로 나타났다(식품의약품안전처 고시 제2013-228호). 또한, 4종의 중금속성분을 확인하기 위하여 microwave를 이용하여 시료를 분해하였고, 유도결합플라즈마분광계를 이용하여 정량 분석하였다. 각 제품에서 중금속별 검출량은 Ni 0.572 μg/g, Cr 3.161 μg/g, Co 2.029 μg/g, Cu 0.420 μg/g이었다. 염모제의 성상별 중금속 농도를 비교한 결과 분말타입(헤나) 염모제의 평균 중금속 농도는 Ni 1.800 μg/g, Cr 10.127 μg/g, Co 7.082 μg/g, Cu 1.451 μg/g로 거품타입이나 크림타입 보다 높았다. 염모제를 흑색, 흑갈색, 갈색, 짙은 갈색, 옅은 갈색, 붉은 갈색의 6개 색상으로 구분하여 분석한 결과, 갈색의 경우 Co 농도가 가장 높고 나머지 색상에서는 모두 Cr의 농도가 높은 것을 알 수 있었다.

기능성 게임은 개인과 사회에 긍정적인 변화를 유도할 수 있는 가능성이 높다. 그러나 아직까지 국내에서는 이 이슈에 대한 연구가 미흡한 것이 현실이다. 그래서 본 논문에서는 비장애인들에게 시각장애를 체험하게 함으로써 비장애인과 시각장애인이 서로 소통하고, 이해하며, 화합할 수 있도록 인식변화를 유도하기 위해 마르크 르블랑의 8가지 재미요소와 이안 보고스트의 설득게임을 참고하여 기능성 게임을 개발하였다. 본 논문에서는 개발한 게임을 플레이하기 전과 후에 게임 사용자들에게 설문조사를 하였고, 설문 결과의 분석에 기초하여 설득 게임이 게임 사용자의 인식변화를 유도할 수 있다는 사실을 부분적으로 검증하였다.

Buckwheat Soksungjang (BS) is a bealmijang manufactured with buckwheat and soybeans. We manufactured BS using Bacillus subtilis HJ18-4 (HJ18-4), which has high enzyme activities and antibacterial effects. HJ18-4 was inoculated in a different process during the BS manufacturing, which was the meju-making time (Treat 1), and the salt water time was added (Treat 2). The physiochemical and microbial characteristics of the BS were analyzed. As a result, the total aerobic counts (7~8 log CFU/mL) in the BS increased after 15 days of fermentation. Especially, Treat 1 showed higher total aerobic counts and amino-type nitrogen (65.38~202.52 mg%) than Treat 2. During the BS fermentation, the reduction of the sugar contents and the enzyme (protease and amylase) activities decreased. In the relative quantitative expression level of PlcR, Treat 1 did not show toxin gene expressions at the end of the fermentation on Day 23. Treat 1 showed suitable B. cereus physiochemical quality characteristics and inhibition effects. When the modified-form type of fermented soybean paste was manufactured with a single starter, it could not reproduce the natural fermentation quality. These results suggest that the addition of a starter (HJ18-4) in the Meju manufacturing process could enhance the quality characteristics of the manufactured BS via natural fermentation and by suppressing B. cereus.

Desorption characteristics of VOCs were investigated for the effective recovery of gasoline vapor. The adsorption capacity and desorption capacity were excellent at relatively low temperatures. The differences in the desorption capacity were not large in the condition; desorption temperature 25℃, desorption pressure 760 mmHg, inlet air flow rate 0.5 L/min, but were relatively great in the condition; desorption temperature 0℃, desorption pressure 60 mmHg, inlet air flow rate 1.0 L/min. The desorption ability of pentane was increased to about 81.4%, and the desorption ability of hexane was increased to about 102%, also the desorption ability of toluene was increased to about 156.7% by changes of temperature, pressure, inlet air flow rate in the experimental conditions. The optimum desorption condition for the effective recovery of VOCs was in the conditions; desorption temperature 0℃, desorption pressure 60 mmHg, inlet air flow rate 1.0 L/min.

국내 쌀 품종의 아밀로오즈 함량에 따른 총 11종 쌀가루의 아밀로오즈 함량, 손상전분, 수분함량, 수분흡수지수(WAI), 수분용해지수(WSI), 입도분포 및 호화특성을 분석하였다. 국내 메성 쌀 품종 쌀가루의 아밀로오즈 함량은 9.95-21.52, 중간찰성은 11.69 및 찰성은7.09%의 아밀로오즈 함량을 나타냈으며, 유색미 메성품종은 17.06-18.36% 및 유색 찰성 품종은 7.04%의 아밀로오즈 함량을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 국내 쌀품종 쌀가루의 수분함량은 7.19-13.89%를 나타내었고,수분흡수지수(WAI) 및 수분용해지수(WSI)의 경우 각각 남일 및 동진찰이 가장 높게 나타났고, 수분함량이 높은 시료의 경우 손상전분 함량이 낮은 것을 확인하였다. 국내 11품종의 쌀가루 입도 분포는 27.61- 189.67 μm를 나타내었으며 일반 메성 신동진 이 189.67 μm로 가장높은 입도를 나타내었으며, 일반메성 품종인 남일이27.61 μm로 가장 낮은 입도분포를 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 본 연구결과 쌀가루의 수분함량이 낮은시료가 전분입도가 낮으나 손상전분 함량이 높은 것으로 확인되었으며, 일반 메성 품종의 경우 수분함량 및입도가 작은 시료는 최고 점도 및 최종점도가 높고, 유색메성품종의 경우 수분함량 및 입도가 작은 시료는 점도가 낮은 결과를 나타냈다.

This study is intended to examine the perception of importance-satisfaction in selective properties of rural theme park with the users and to suggest operation method and implications for rural theme parks which are being built on a nation-wide basis. The study results are as follows: First, the results from the analysis on importance-satisfaction in the selective properties showed that both attractiveness of natural landscape and excellence of surrounding environment are high. Second, the t-test with matched samples for importance-satisfaction showed that there were significant statistical differences in all items, and the users rated satisfaction lower than the importance. Third, IPA results showed that the items such as diversity of festival event, accessibility and convenience of public transportation, appropriateness of expense and kindness in service appeared in the 2nd quadrant 'direction of concentrated efforts'Therefore, this study was able to identify the perception of importance-satisfaction among the users of rural theme parks. The study findings suggest that it is necessary to preserve surrounding natural environment, ensure appropriate pricing, introduce events and increase service level in constructing and operating rural theme parks.

The monthly variations of blood characteristics and RNA/DNA of black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, habituated in Geojae costal area were analysed to determine health condition of natural stocks in terms of gonad maturation and spawning season from March 2010 to February 2011. Spawning season determinated by gonadosomatic index is from June to August. RNA/DNA ratio of black sea bream muscle was strongly correlated with spawning season. During the gonad maturation RNA/DNA ratio in dorsal muscle tissue was decreased contrast to rapid increase during spawning season. Blood composition factors increased in terms of gonad maturation are aspartate aminotransferase, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, glucose, globulin, alkaline phosphatase and inorganic phosphate. Other blood factors increased during spawning season are alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and lactate dehydrogenase.