This study was conducted to apply with an air duct for the cooling and a utilizing cultivating method that uses the fruiting node and the defoliation to the high-temperature vertical and hydroponic cultivation of the oriental melon. The lower fruiting node (LF) was to remove all third vines generated from 5 nodes of a secondary vine. The higher fruiting node (HF) was fruiting on the third vine generated from a first node of the third vine. The direction of the stem string; upward (UW), downward (DW). Four treatment conditions were applied with the LF-UW, LF-DW, HF-UW (control), and HF-DW. The leaf age of melon leaves was measured for photosynthesis at 3 days intervals, and the fruit characteristic was conducted on 79 fruits in each treatment. The photosynthesis rate steadily increased after leaf development, reaching 20.8 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1 on the 10 days, gradually increasing to 21.3 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1 on the 19 days, and reaching 23.4 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1 on the 32 days. After that, it lowered to 16.8 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1 on the 38 days and dropped significantly to 7.6 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1 on the 47 days. As a result of the fruit characteristics by fruiting nodes, the treatments of the fruit length was 12.6-13.4 cm, respectively, which was significant, and the fruit width was 7.9- 8.6 cm, respectively, was not significant. The soluble content ranged from 12.9 to 15.7°Brix, and the significance of all treatments, and higher than of LF-DW and HF-UW. The photosynthesis rate of melon leaves was good until 32 days after leaf development, but after that, the rate decreased. As for fruit quality, it was conformed that melons can be cultivated at the LF because the fruit enlargement and soluble content dose not decrease even when set at the LF. Results indicated that those can be used for LF and defoliation in the development of vertical and hydroponic cultivation method in high-temperature season.

Isoflavones found in soybeans are present as glycosides and aglycones, which differ according to their chemical structure. The absorption rate and bioavailability of aglycones are greater than those of glycosides. It is known that aglycone isoflavones in soybean was converted from glycoside isoflavones by activating of endogenous β-glucosidase under drying (40~60℃) conditions after soaking. In this study, we compared and analyzed the proximate composition and isoflavone contents of soybean powders prepared under dried after soaking were analyzed. In the comparison of the proximate compositions, the moisture contents of white soybean powder dried after soaking (WSPDS) and black soybean powder dried after soaking (BSPDS) were decreased as compared with those of the control white soybean powder (CWSP) and control black soybean powder (CBSP). Whereas the contents of other proximate compositions were increased. The aglycone isoflavone contents were higher in WSPDS than in CWSP. Whereas the aglycone isoflavone contents of BSPDS had a similar content those of CBSP because of the component characteristics of black soybean. In conclusion, we believe that it is appropriate to identify and utilize the component characteristics of soybean varieties in order to induce an increase in the functional component content of soybeans under drying conditions after soaking.

최근 3차원 공간정보와 행정정보를 융합하여 다양한 도시문제의 과학적 해결을 지원하는 디지털트윈이 공공분야의 스마트시티와 공간정보 행정업무에 도입되고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 공공분야에 디지털트윈을 확산하기 위해 필요한 공간정보의 정책방향을 제시하는데 있다. 먼저, 이론적 고찰을 통해 디지털트윈에 대한 개념을 검토하였고, 언론보도 등에 나타난 디지털트윈에 대한 주요 키워드를 도출하였다. 두 번째, 디지털트윈 국가정책과 디지털트윈국토 지자체 시범사업, 공공기관의 디지털트윈 사업 특성을 고찰하였다. 세 번째, 정책 및 제도적 관점, 사업적 관점, 활용성의 관점에서 공공분야 디지털트윈이 어떠한 이슈와 문제점을 가지고 있는지 도출하였고, 이를 해결하기 위한 정책방향을 제안하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 향후 공공분야 디지털트윈 확산을 위한 정책적 시사점을 제공할 것이다.

In this study, we examined the residual amounts of formaldehyde in hygiene products to determine the safety of these products in Gyeonggi-do. Formaldehyde is among the harmful substances that may remain within certain hygiene products. On the basis of an analysis of formaldehyde in a total of 222 items (6 disposable paper straws, 9 disposable paper napkins, 21 toilet papers, 13 disposable dishcloths, 16 disposable paper towels, 32 wet wipes for food service restaurants, 25 disposable cotton swabs, and 100 disposable diapers), we detected traces in three wet wipes for food service restaurants (1.87 to 4.45 mg/kg), which is approximately 9% to 22% of the standard level (20 mg/kg). We established that all the hygiene products assessed in the study met the individual standards for formaldehyde, thereby confirming that safe products are being distributed. In the standards and specifications for hygiene products, the formaldehyde test method is regulated for application with respect to three categories based on the type of product. The samples used in this study were of types for which method 1 or method 2 is applied, and the limits of detection, limits of quantification, linearity, and recovery rates were reviewed to verify the validity of each test method. When method 2 was applied, we experienced interference when performing analysis at a wavelength of 412 nm, which was associated with the influence of impurities in some samples of disposable cotton swabs and disposable diapers. Consequently, in these cases, the results were compared after analysis using method 1. By comparing the results obtained using method 2 with those obtained using method 1, the latter of which were unaffected by the interference of impurities, we were able to detect formaldehyde at low concentrations. These findings accordingly highlight the necessity to standardize the formaldehyde test method for future analyses.

A literature study was conducted on the management of the pavilion of the royal tomb in the late Joseon Dynasty, focusing on “Gakneung Suri Deungnok(Records relating to the repair of royal tombs)”. This study analyzed the royal tomb management system, organized the types of damage identified in the building, and examined how the damage status was recorded by type. In the above, the records related to the 1675∼1713 repair of three JeongJaGak(Geonwonneung, Sungneung, and Mokneung), which are registered as state-designated cultural properties, are summarized in three aspects: management system, damage status, and expression words. The results of the study are as follows. First, the royal tomb pavilion was regularly inspected by Observator(觀察使) in spring and autumn, and Surunggwan(守陵官) every 5th, and Servant(守僕) regularly inspected every day and night, and also inspected and reported emergency cases of natural disasters or unexpected damage. Second, the damage status of each building was continuously observed and reported for the continuous maintenance of the buildings in the royal tomb. A total of 75 records of damage to the three royal tombs' pavilion were found to have been most frequently inspected, including 19 cases (25.3%), 14 cases (18.7%), 23 cases (30.7%) of the roof, and 19 cases (25.3%) of the roof. Third, the expression of the damage status is confirmed in various ways, such as separation, separation, burst, damage, excitation, moisture, leakage, and exfoliation. Among them, the main damage records were confirmed due to the separation of the base from the peeling, the furniture, cracks, leaks, leaks in the roof, and the collapse of the roof was able to check the damage records.

Fluorescent probe were used to evaluate the effects of catechin on the structural parameters (annular lipid fluidity, transbilayer lateral and rotational mobility and protein clustering) of the Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane (OPGs). An experimental procedure was used on the basis of selective quenching of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and 1,3-di(1-pyrenyl)propane (Py-3-Py) by trinitrophenyl groups and radiationless energy transfer from the tryptophans of membrane proteins to Py-3-Py and DPH. Catechin increased the bulk lateral and rotational mobility, annular lipid fluidity of OPGs lipid bilayers, and had greater fluidizing efficacy on the outer monolayer than the inner monolayer. It also caused membrane proteins to cluster. Based on these effects of catechin on OPGs, the antibacterial and antiviral actions of catechin can be partially explained.

Taxillus yadoriki (Siebold) Dancer is a parasitic plant that grows on camellia trees and is common on Jeju Island. The branches of T. yadoriki have long been used to treat various diseases, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, viral infections, and arthritis. Although recent studies reported that T. yadoriki has anticancer effects in various human cancer cell lines, including lung cancer, the exact molecular mechanisms supporting its anticancer effects are not well understood. This study aims to assess the anticancer effect of the methanol extract of T. yadoriki branches (METY) on mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) cell lines (MC3 cells and YD15 cells) and explore its mechanism of action. Inhibitory activity of MEC cell proliferation was assessed using the CCK-8 assay. The mechanism of the anticancer effect on METY-treated MC3 cells and YD15 cells was evaluated with Hoechst 33342 stain and Western blot. After treating MC3 cells and YD15 cells with METY for 48 hours, the cytotoxicity of MC3 and YD15 cells increased, and nuclear fragmentation increased in both METY-treated MEC cells. Caspase-3 and cleaved PARP activation demonstrated apoptosis of METY-treated MEC cells. Cell proliferation inhibition with METY was alleviated in METY-treated MEC cells pretreated with zVAD-FMK, supporting the cell proliferation inhibition effect by apoptosis. METY-induced apoptosis in MEC cells occurs through MAP kinase pathways such as p38 and pAkt. MEC cell. METY-induced apoptosis of MEC cells occurs via the p38 and pAkt MAPK pathways. Therefore, METY may be a promising anticancer candidate for the MEC therapeutic strategy.

목적 : 본 연구는 휠체어 사용자의 욕창 예방을 위한 센서 기반 방석에 대한 선행 문헌을 분석하여 센서의 위치, 개수, 적 용 대상자를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : PRISMA(Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) 연구방법을 통해 IEEE Xplore, PubMed, Embase 등 데이터베이스에서 2010년부터 2021년까지 게재된 논문을 선정기준을 근거로 논문을 선정 하였다. 최종적으로 총 9편의 문헌이 선정되었으며, 각 문헌을 분석하였다. 결과 : 연구 대상자의 특성은 척수 손상 환자에 관한 연구가 4편으로 가장 많았으며, 비장애인은 3편, 다발성 경화증 환자 는 1편으로 보고되었다. 대상자의 수는 비장애인의 경우 8명에서 32명으로, 장애인의 경우 1명에서 17명으로 조사되었 다. 센서의 개수는 3개에서 1,024개로 다양하게 보고되었다. 센서는 주로 방석에만 삽입된 연구들이 조사됐지만, 등판에 도 센서를 삽입한 연구가 2편이 있었다. 센서의 위치를 쉽게 파악할 수 있도록 시각화된 자료도 함께 제시하였다. 앉은 자세 또는 활동 수준을 분류하는 연구가 가장 많았으며, 사용된 기기들의 정확도는 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 결론 : 센서 기반 방석을 설계할 때 센서의 위치는 욕창이 주로 발생하는 부위를 고려해야 하며, 압력 측정 외에도 알람 시스템을 통해 욕창 위험성에 관한 정보를 제공해야 한다고 사료된다. 클라이언트의 특성을 고려한 요인들을 제품에 반 영해야 하며, 임상가의 전문적인 서비스도 함께 이루어져야 한다. 클라이언트 중심의 접근과 근거 기반의 접근은 센서 기 반의 방석 개발과 중재에서도 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구는 센서 기반의 방석 개발에 있어 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것 으로 사료된다.

식량 생산량은 지난 반세기 동안 세 배로 증가했다. 세계의 인구는 30억에서 70억으로 증가했고, 기대수명은 46세에서 65세로 증가했다. 전 세계 가축 생산량이 56% 증가한 것은 가축 개량 덕분이다. 2050년에 세계 인구는 98억 명으로 추정되므로, 생산량은 현재 두 배 이상 증가해야 한다. 경제 동물의 수가 증가하고 생산자의 수가 감소함에 따라, 생산자는 농장을 관리하고 통제해야 할 동물이 더 많아졌다. 농장의 사육밀도가 높으면 개체 간 질병 발생과 성장 능력 저하를 가속화할 수 있으며, 이는 제품의 질을 해칠 뿐만 아니라 동물 복지에 대한 심각한 우려를 불러일으킬 수 있다. 1980년대 후반에 기술을 통해 토양 사용을 극대화하는 동시에 환경 영향을 줄이기 위해 작물 시스템에 정밀 농업(PA)이 도입되었다. 이해해야 할 중요한 것은 PA가 효율성을 극대화하고 환경 피해를 최소화한다는 목표와 함께 동물 산업과 같은 모든 농업 생산 시스템에 적용된다는 것이다. 동물 산업에서 PA의 예로는 생산과 동물 관리의 효율성을 향상시키고, 동물 복지 및 건강에 대한 우려를 해결하며, 환경 손상과 자원 사용을 최소화하는 데 전념하는 정밀 축산 농업이 있다. 특히 널리 보급된 것은 이미지 분석, 동물 실시간 모니터링, 센서, 이미지 및 기록으로부터의 데이터 수집과 같은 고급 기술의 사용이다. 본 연구의 목적은 농장의 생산성과 관리를 향상시키면서, 동물 육종 시스템에 적용가능한 신기술을 살펴보는 것이다.