What is the most important in articles of food is hygienic safety. Because food Is the most common thing in our everyday life, however, the importance of its hygienic safety and other many problems caused by food may be easily neglected. What is more, food is can be dangerous as much as it is directly related to human life and accidents from the same cause may have different effects on the victims according to physical and environmental differences of individuals. Thus PL action for food requires more thorough prevention and measure. Korea has been enforcing 'the Product Liability Act' since the 1<SUP>1st</SUP> of July 2002. Product Liability (PL) is liability of the manufacturer or the seller of a product to compensate for the death or injury of consumers or the loss of properties caused by the defect of the product. This study surveyed consumers' response to and the effects of the enforcement of the Product Liability Act, investigated how consumers perceived the importance of food safety and the risk of defective food based on PL standards and their experience in damage by food through a questionnaire survey, and analyzed collected data through empirical analyses (reliability analysis, factorial analysis, regression analysis and ANOVA t-test) using SPSS 10.0. Based on the results of analysis, the researcher proposed strategies for coping with the Product Liability Act in the food industry

This study investigated diagnostic skills that use meridian points and meridian which shows the signs of illness. From the text of Yeong-Chu, we tried to find out the relationship with meridian(contain meridian point) and disease. The diagnosis with the meridian, we made a study of the relationship with multiple abscess, channel disease, so-saeng-byung. The diagnosis with the meridian point, we considered that the relationship with characteristic of each meridian point, disease and diagnosis.

본 연구는 중학생을 대상으로 지속적인 음악청취가 발표불안에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 하였다. 실험 참여자는 여중생 두 개 반을 대상으로 통제집단 33명, 실험집단 33명씩 총 66명이고, 음악처치를 받는 집단과 아무런 처치가 주어지지 않는 집단으로 나누었다. 처치 전, 처치 1주 후 및 2주 후에 자기보고식으로 이루어진 발표불안척도(SAS)와 교사의 평가로 이루어진 발표행동 평가척도(SBES)를 통하여 발표불안을 측정하였다. 결과는 음악처치를 받은 실험집단에서 발표불안이 의미 있게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 음악에 의한 감성 유발이 발표상황에서 받는 스트레스에 긍정적인 효과가 있었다.

These studies were carried out to improve the reproductive efficiency through embryos transfer of Hanwoo IVM/IVF embryos. Following routine IVM/IVF procedure, Oocytes and zygotes were cultured for 40 to 44 h in CR1aa medium with BSA. Then 2 to 8-cell embryos were removed the cumulus cell and were cultured in CR1aa medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 2.5 mM taurine in 5% O2 and 5% CO2 at 38.5℃. The fresh and frozen thawed embryos of the morulae and blastocysts cultured for 6 to 9 days in vitro were transferred into recipients. The pregnancy rates of the blastocyst produced for 6, 7, 8, and 9 days in in vitro culture were 41.9, 48.6, 57.9 and 47.4%, respectively. In the developmental stage, pregnancy rates of early blastocysts (41.7%), blastocysts (57.6%) and expanded blastocysts (50.0%) were higher than that of morulae stage (00.0%). Fresh and frozen embryos on the pregnancy rates were 48.9 and 50.0%, respectively. These results indicate that the pregnancy rate after transfer were affected on embryonic stage of in vitro embryos and in vitro culture periods.

This paper addresses a model for the transportation planning that determines the transportation cycle time and the ve-hicle Size to minimize the cost In a distribution system The vehicle routing to minimize the transportation distance of the vehicles is a

선진국일수록 서비스 산업의 비중이 큰 것은 주지의 사실이다 선진국 진입을 위해 진력하는 한국의 입장애서 신 진국 서비스 산업의 연구 및 정보는 긴요하다 이 연구는 세계 400 대 최량 기업들 중 서비스 기업들의 다양한 경영 업적들이 서비스 산업의 여러 분야와 그 하부 부문에서 어떻게 나타나고 있는지를 기술통계, 분산분석, 던칸 검정 등을 활용해 분석하였다 이로써 서비스 산업 분야에 대한 진입, 투자, 벤치마킹 등에 관해 활용할 수 있는 유의 한 결과들을

The purpose of this article is to delve into the problems of originality of the artwork by examining issues of reproduction within the contemporary art market. In contemporary arts, especially in terms of art production and consumption, we can’t overlook society and its economic structure and its connection with of capitalism. As the purity of art creation has turned into an exchange value, art, especially an object as artwork, has fallen into the status of production in an economic marketing system. Walter Benjamin mainly referred to that point in his thesis Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit, which originated the sociology of plastic arts. This thesis, published in 1936, traced how the artistic functions of photograph and movie had been changed through the social development. His main concerns were movie and photograph but what I am concentrating from his point of view, is that even in the field of plastic arts, the manufacture of reproduction has been practiced as a primary method within the social and political contexts and development. Though I am referring to this in the main body of this article, reproduction in contemporary art strongly needs a new definition since it has been spread all over like a newest virus, not only by collector’s personal taste or but also by commercial circulations of these reproductions to the public. This relates to Benjamin’s argument about the value of an exhibition at a museum(Ausstellungswert). Since the function of an artwork has been one of cultural industry, the manufacturing of reproduction raises unexpected problems, such as, the originality of the artwork, the value of an exhibition at a museum, its achievement as documentary and as a territory of art criticism. In this point of view, I want to inquire into the value and criteria of an exhibition in contemporary art through the review of the definitions and the intrinsic attributes of reproduction. Somehow in a broad sense, the reproduction is a product coming out of representation or copy (replica) of an original art work or an model. Therefore, the problems it presents differ from the Simulacre, which is an image without an original one. In terms of the Meanings of reproduction, we can distinguish it as reproductions, copies, and productions. These types of reproductions are not the original artworks reflected by the creative intention of the artists. For example, a publishing company reproduced some of lithographs of Salvador Dali in the 1960s. They are commercial copies in the form of representation or reproduction with no artistic and creative intention of the artist. However, In despite of this theoretical basis, reproductions of the famous artists are still displayed without any verification for of the public’s quest for the artworks. Moreover, many commercial companies that are planning to exhibit art works of the world-famous artists only for their profits keep trying to speak ill of and judging by the law the honest art critics’ articles which discuss the true values of exhibition. If freedom of expression is one of the ideals of democracy, even the judgment of the originality of the artworks should be freely expressed.

The bi-materials composed of and its composite reinforced with SiC particles were prepared by ball-milling and subsequent sintering process. The size of powder in Al-Mg/SiCp mixture decreased with increasing ball-milling time, it was saturated above 30 h when the ball and powder was in the ratio of 30 to 1. Both powders mixture and mixture were compacted under a pressure of 350MPa and were bonded by sintering at temperatures ranging from 873K to 1173K for 1-5h. At 873k, the sound bi-mate-rials could not be obtained. In contrast, the bi-materials with the macroscopically well-bonded interface were obtained at higher temperatures than 873K. The length of well-bonded interface became longer with increasing temperature and time, indicating the improved contact in the interface between unreinforced Al-Mg part and Al-Mg/SiCp composite part. The relative density in the bi-materials increased as the sintering temperature and time increased, and the bi-materials sintered at 1173K for 5h showed the highest density.

최근 강구조물의 장경간화 및 고층화로 인하여 고강도강재의 사용이 점차 증가하고 있다. 고강도강재(POSTEN60, POSTEN80)가 적용된 강구조물의 정확한 내진설계를 위해서는 반복하중 작용시 발생하는 대변형 및 비선형반복거동을 구현할 수 있는 해석기법이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 고강도강재의 단조재하실험 및 반복하중실험을 기초하여 반복소성모델을 제안하였다. 제안된 소성모델과 유한변위이론을 적용한 3차원 탄소성 유한변위해석기법을 개발하였으며 이를 실험값과 비교하여 검증하였다. 검증된 3차원 탄소성 유한변위해석을 이용하여 고강도 원형강교각의 내진해석을 수행하였다. 또한, 고강도 원형강교각의 지름-두께비에 따른 내진성능을 명확히 하였다.

소나무잔나비버섯의 톱밥재배를 위한 가장 적정한 종균배양적 특성을 요약하면 적정온도는 30℃이며, 적정 pH가 소나무잔나비버섯균은 pH 5이다. 톱밥배지의 적정 수분함량은 60%이며, 주재료는 미송톱밥, 첨가재료는 맥주박이었다. 또한 적정 첨가재료인 맥주박의 첨가량은 20%, calcium carbonate의 첨가함량은 0.1%, sucrose의 첨가함량은 0.1%이었다. LVD의 첨가함량은 0.01%이었다.

소나무잔나비버섯 인공재배를 위한 균사배양적 특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 소나무잔나비버섯균의 적정배지는 PIDA(Pine Dextrose Agar)에서 66.3mm/10일로 균사생장과 균사밀도가 가장 좋았으며, 그 다음은 GDA, PDA, CDA, PODA, ODA, YM, MCM, MEA(pH4.7), CHA, MEA(pH4.7) 순이었다. 2) 소나무잔나비버섯의 균사생장과 밀도에 가장 적정한 온도는 30℃이었으며 40℃에서는 균사가 사멸하였다. KNAC3005 균주는 30℃에서 66.3mm/10일로 균사생장과 밀도가 가장 양호하였으며, 온도별로는 25, 20, 15, 35, 10, 5℃ 순으로 균사생장 속도와 밀도가 좋았다. 3) 소나무잔나비버섯의 균사생장과 밀도에 가장 적정한 산도(pH)는 6.0에서 88.4mm/10일이며 그보다 높거나 낮으면 균사생장과 밀도에 저해를 받는다. 4) 소나무잔나비버섯의 균사생장에 적합한 탄소원은 maltose로 331mg/25ml/15일이며, 최적 질소원은 peptone으로 347mg이다. 최적 유기산은 glutamic acid로 357mg이었다. 최적 비타민은 biotin으로 370mg/15days이며 C/N율은 40이 적정하였다.

국내에서 재배되고 있는 약용버섯인 상황(P. baumii) 자실체의 열수 추출물로 부터 건강 기능성 식품 및 의약품개발의 기초자료를 제공하고자 항암실험 및 면역효과에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 PMO-P4의 경우 rDNA의 ITS부위의 염기서열 분석을 통한 계통분석결과 P. baumii로 판명 되었으며, PMO-P4 자실체로부터 열수 추출한 성분(HWE-P4)을 160mg/kg/day의 농도로하여 Sarcoma-180 암세포를 유발한 마우스에 경구투여한 결과 A군의 경우, 종양억제효과는 35.3%로 대조군보다 유의성 있게 감소하였으며(p<0.05), 생명연장 효과는 156%증가한 것으로 나타났다. 시료의 경구투여 방법에 있어서도 시료를 먼저 2주간 투여한 후 암세포를 접종한 A군의 경우가 시료 투여와 암세포 접종을 동시에 실시한 B군의 경우 보다 종양억제효과 및 생명연장효과가 높았음을 알 수 있었다. A군의 경우 대조군에 비하여 CD4/CD8의 비율이 71.4%증가 하였으며, CD25(IL-2receptor chain)분자의 발현을 5배정도 증가시키는 것으로 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과로 보아 P. baumii로 밝혀진 PMO-P4 자실체로부터 열수 추출한 성분의 항암효과는 암세포를 직접 공격하여 항암효과를 나타내기 보다는 T cell등의 면역세포를 활성화시킴으로써 암세포를 억제 혹은 사멸시키는 것으로 생각된다.

기선권현망어업의 어구 개량과 조업시스템 개선을 목적으로 자루그물을 A, B 2가지로 달리한 축소형 개량어구를 설계, 제작하여 현장조업선에 의한 해상실험을 실시하여 어구의 형상을 관찰한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 축소형 개량어구의 실제 전개율은 오비기에서 20% 정도로 가장 작았고, 뒤쪽으로 갈수로 커지며, 자루그물에서는 110% 정도로 가장 컸으며, B형이 A형에 비하여 5~10%정도 크게 나타났다. 자루그물 입구와 뒤끝의 망고 변화폭은 A형이 9.0~13.6, 9.3·10.4m이고, B형이 10.9~14.8, 5.8~8.0m로 나타나서 B형이 A형에 비하여 자루그물 입구는 1~2m 크고, 뒤끝은 2~3m 작았다. 2. 축소형 개량어구는 오비기의 수직방향 전개성능이 개선되어 수비에 이르기까지의 예망수층이 완만하게 형성되었으며, 예망수층의 변화폭이 기존어구에 비해 적게 나타났다. 나발 그물이 포켓형상을 개선시켜 그물코의 날림현상 감소와 수비에서 자루그물까지의 어구형상이 완만하게 이루어졌으며, 예망속도가 느린 경우에도 어구의 형상이 안정되었다. 3. 축소형 개량어구 B형은 자루그물의 변화폭이 적었고, 이중깔대기의 부착으로 인해 입망된 어군의 도피율이 감소하였다.

It compared quality characteristics for the stone surface treatment system and its products. With the result, the flame burner equipment was mainly used to the surface treatment of granite, but it occurred greatly the high temperature, the rock fragment, the noise and dust. For the other side, the whetstone polishing machine for the polishing was a maintenance for the specific physical properties of stone, and it did not occur the stone fragment and the dust. The durability of the stone products due to the flame burner was investigated with that it falls to 20~25% more than the surface treatment by the whetstone polishing. Share's hardness of the polishing products in the durability test showed more greatly index than the flame burner and conventional product. The polishing products of Pochon stone in the case of the abrasion resistance showed great more 15% than the general products, more 9% than the products by the flame burner.