A Modified CREAMS model, CREAMS-PADDY was developed to simulate the hydrology and nutrient transport at an irrigated rice paddy. The hydrology at a paddy was simulated by a daily water balance routine which reflects daily inflow, outflow, and water level changes. The soil erosion was simulated using modified USLE. The nutrient transport for total nitrogen and phosphorus were depicted for various phases of each constitute such as extraction, percolation, mineralization, and plant uptakes. Field monitoring was conducted to investigate the water quality changes at a paddy field at three times a week during the growing season of 1996. The proposed model simulates the water quality of the paddy reasonably well, and is found to be applicable to field conditions.

The study was carried out to investigate the water balance and losses of nutrients from paddy fields during cropping period. The size of paddy fields was 95 ha and the fields were irrigated from a pumping station. The runoff loading was the highest in June because of the high concentrations of nutrients due to applied fertilizer, When the runoff Bosses of nutrients were compared to applied chemical fertilizer, it was found that 39.1 % to 42.5 % of nitrogen lost via runoff while runoff losses of phosphorus account for 14.5 % to 17 % of the total applied amount during cropping period. When the ratio was calculated between nutrients losses by infiltration and the applied of chemical fertilizer, two year results showed 9.1% to 10.8% for nitrogen and 0.5% for phosphorus, respectively.

An antimicrobial substance-producing microorganism was isolated from soil samples. Based of the taxonomic characteristics of its morphological, cultural, physiological properties and 16s rRNA sequence alignment, this microorganism was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and we named Pseudomonas aeruginosa EL-KM. The optimal culture condition for production of antimicrobial substance was 1% mannitol, 0.4% yeast extract, 0.5% Nacl, 0.2% K₂SO₄, 100μM MgSO₄.7H2O, 10μM CaCl2.$2H_2O$, 1μM $FeSO_4$.7H2O, 1μM MnSO4.$4-5H_2O$, initial pH 7 and 200 rpm at 30℃. The purification of the antimicrbial substance was performed by silica gel column chromatographys, and fraction with TLC $R_f$ 0.77 value represented good antimicrobial activity. The crude antimicrbial substance was stable within a pH range of 3-10 and temperature range of 4°C-121°C autoclaving. This crude antibacterial substance acted as bacteriolytic agent against Vibrio cholerae non-Ol ATCC 25872, and also exhibited excellent properties, when the substance was demonstrated against many other gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, yeast and fungi.

A case of air pollution study of estimation of emission rate for source to railroad rolling stock and emissive character about is unusual. Recent emission rate of railroad rolling stock was estimated with emission factor of EPA in three region(Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggido). But this EPA factor could be incorrect because Korea and America have a different railroad environment in the variety of fuel and character of railroad rolling stock. In this study, emission rate of each line, car and region(district) with emission factor of Korean case(National Railroad Administration, 1997) was estimated. In Busan Metropolitan City, railroad rolling stocks were divided accoding to, each line, car and service. Particularly, the idle fuel rate omitted in the preceding study was included in calculation fuel rate. Total emission rate of Busan Metropolitan City was 887.41t/year. Each emission rates of Kyeongbu line, Donghaenambu line, Gaya line, Uam line, Bujeon line, and idle was 489.15t, 196.46t, 33.94t, 12.66t, 6.47t, and 148.72t, respectively.

Antibiotics supplementation in animal feeds results in bacterial resistance to the antibiotics and residue of the antibiotics in animal products, which can cause serious problems in human health. Therefore, the finding of new substances replacing antibiotics are needed. New substances are egg yolk antibody, probiotics, organic acid, mannanoligosaccharide(MOS), fructooligosaccharide(FOS), and chitosan etc. Egg yolk antibody is antibody to obtain from egg yolk of the chicken injected the specific antigen. Probiotics can prevent the problems of residue of the antibiotics and resistance to the antibiotics. Organic acids on preservation of colostrum inhibit the rottenness and increase the beneficial bacteria. MOS and FOS increase the beneficial bacteria, too. Chitosan is used the immune material to active the anti󰠏bacteria.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of functional ingredients with supplementation as a bulking agent in composting of swine manure. Treatments were T1 & T5；Swine mature+Vermiculite, T2 & T6；Swine manure+Perlite, T3 & T7； Swine manure+Vermiculite+Perlite, T4 & T8；Swine manure+Bark. T1, T2, T3 and T4 were supplemented with functional ingredients on d 0 of composting. T5, T6, T7 and T8 were supplemented with functional ingredients on d 3 of composting. Functional ingredients were Fermkito and Yucca. During the composting period, changes of temperature were showed traditionally composting trend. Volatile fatty acids were decreased regardless of treatments in functional ingredients supplementation. Organic matter, T󰠏N and C/N ratio were showed higher bark treatments than other treatments. pH and EC were not differences among the treatments. P₂O₅ and K₂O were showed level of 1󰠏3%. In heavy metal, Cr were showed higher in vermiculite treatment than other treatments. In conclusion, vermiculite and perlite treatments were greater composting effects than bark.

To investigate air quality away from the coastal urban source region, we used a hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian method which can describe the formation, transport, transformation and deposition processes in complex terrain. with inclusion of shipping sources that were considered to be important emission in the coastal urban region. The result of the Eulerian advection - diffusion prediction was quite similar to that of the Lagrangian particle diffusion prediction. It showed that pollutants emitted from piers can affect the part of inland, especially Dongrae and the coastal area. Those emitted from Sasang and Janglim industrial complexes can affect Hwamyeong and the coastal, respectively. During the daytime the concentration was low due to large deposition flux and terrain effect.

혹진주벼 미강으로부터 생리기능성 물질을 추출하여 이들을 이용한 생리기능성 제품을 개발하기 위하여 먼저 흑진주벼 미강에 함유되어있는 유용물질들을 추출한 후 이들의 생리기능성을 측정하였고 미강 중에 많이 함유되어있는 ACE저해활성물질과 혈전용해활성물질, 전자공여물질과 tyrosinase 저해물질들의 추출최적조건을 검토하였다. ACE 저해활성과 혈전용해활성 및 tyrosinase 저해활성은 물 추출액에서 높았고 전자공여능은 hexane 추출액에서 높았

비보존성 오염물질의 종확산에 관한 단계분리 유한차분 모형을 낙동강에 적용하여, 1991년에 발생한 페놀누출 사고에 따른 종확산 모의계산을 수행하였다. Preissmann의 4점 음해법에 근거한 부정류 계산모형으로부터 산정된 계산결과를 종확산 모형의 입력자료로 사용하였다. 종확산계수의 산정을 위한 경험식 및 1차 반응의 감쇠계수에 따른 종확산 계산결과의 민감도를 분석하였다. 하류 지점에서의 첨두농도 발생 시각은 사용된 종확산계수 식에 따라 상당히 달라짐을