The dissertation is on the measurement of the strain caused by the characteristics and the temperature changes of the TIG welded zone which is used with 3D ESPI system that is functionally modified through the laser ESPI system. Experimental results have derived from the fact that the welded zone has micro crack during the various phased of the process such as rolling, alkali cleaning, air cooling and heat processing due to the repetitious up-and-down of the temperature. Especially, both 60℃ and 90℃ are selected to measure the strain on the welded zone which can be effected by these two temperatures in the manufacturing process. The flat plate differences between ESPI and the strain gage are within 2 %, and they are the exactly same with the results from the temperature changes of 60 ℃ and 90 ℃, and also within 3 % and 4 %. As the tensile load increase, the strain of aluminum material increases linearly. Also the same effect are observed as the temperature goes up with irregular-line type. The comparison of the strain by ESPI and the strain gage in the welded specimen is within the 2.6% when it is under the room temperature and low-load conditions, while it is measured within 3 % under the high load condition.

Glass fiber reinforced thermosetting polymer plastic (GRP) is widely used in the construction industries due to the advantages of their superior mechanical and physical characteristics. Most of pipes are installed for long-term purposes and they should be safely installed in consideration of installation conditions because there are unexpected various terrestrial loading conditions. In this paper, we present the result of investigation for 253 days pertaining to the structural behavior of flexible pipes buried underground. From the buried test results, we predicted long-term, up to 60 years, ring deflection of GRP pipes buried underground based on the method suggested by the existing literature. It was found that the GRP flexible pipe is appropriate because 5% ring deflection limitation of 60 years could be satisfied.

유전자변형생물체(Genetically Modified Organisms, GMOs)는 식량, 환경, 에너지부족 등 인류가 직면하고 있는 각종 문제점을 해결하기 위한 대안으로 그 개발 및 이용이 가속화되고 있다. 특히 몇몇 국내 개발 GM 작물은 안전성평가 단계에있어서 조만간 실용화될 것으로 전망되고 있다. GMO에 대한일반인들의 인식조사 연구는 대부분 소비자를 대상으로 진행되어왔으며 실제 GM 작물이 상업화되었을 때 이를 재배할 경작자에 대한 인식조사 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 농업인의 GMO에 대한 인식 파악 및 재배의도를 알아보기위해 설문조사와 표적집단면접(FGI)를 병행하였다. 설문조사는 논산, 김천, 충주, 상주 지역의 농민 747명을 대상으로 실시하였으며, FGI는 농업분야에 종사하고 있는 남녀 농업인 5명을 대상으로 수행하였다. 조사 결과 GM 작물에 대한 인지수준과 지식수준은 각각 85.5%, 65%로 일반인과 크게 다르지않았다. GM 작물에 대한 정보 실태로써 ‘알고 있거나 들어본적이 있는 GM작물 종류’에 대해 ‘수량증진’에 대한 응답이가장 높았으며, ‘병저항성’, ‘해충저항성’ 순으로 조사되었다.GM 작물에 대한 인식은 ‘긍정적’과 ‘부정적’ 응답이 비슷한 분포를 나타냈으나, GMO에 대한 섭취 및 재배 의향은 전반적으로 부정적인 것으로 조사되었다. 특히 GMO의 재배보다는섭취에 더 부정적인 것으로 나타났다. GM 작물 형질에 대한선호도로는 ‘병 저항성’ 형질이 가장 높았으나 ‘맛’, ‘수량’,‘건강개선’ 등의 형질에 대해서도 고른 응답을 보였다.

Magnetostrictive actuator is fabricated with epoxy bonding method instead of sputtering method in this study. Fabrication process and experimental measurement method for magneto-mechanical characteristics is proposed. For the design of highly flexible magnetostrictive actuator, TbDyFe epoxy bonding with SU-8 substrate is adopted. The fabrication process for SU-8 substrate and the epoxy bonding is suggested and magnetostrictive behavior is investigated. Variable magnetic field is applied to measure the various magnetostrictive characteristics and magnetostriction is measured with different waves and different magnitude of magnetic field.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to provide the method of how to measure the coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete using temperature compensation principle of electrical resistance strain gauge. METHODS : The gauge factor compensation method and thermal output(temperature-induced apparent strain) correction method of selftemperature compensation gauge were investigated. From the literature review, coefficient of thermal expansion measurement method based on the thermal output differential comparison between reference material(invar) and unknown material(concrete) was suggested. RESULTS: Thermal output is caused by two reasons; first the electrical resistivity of the grid conductor is changed by temperature variation and the second contribution is due to the differential thermal expansion between gauge and the test material. Invar was selected as a reference material and it、s coefficient of thermal expansion was measured as 2.12×10-6m/m/℃. by KS M ISO 11359-2. The reliability of the suggested measurement method was evaluated by the thermal output measurement of invar and mild steel. Finally coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete material for pavement was successfully measured as 15.45×10-6m/m/℃. CONCLUSIONS: The coefficient of thermal expansion measurement method using thermal output differential between invar and unknown concrete material was evaluated by theoretical and experimental aspects. Based on the test results, the proposed method is considered to be reasonable to apply for coefficient of thermal expansion measurement.

This study shows the role of waves, tide, storm surge and river discharge which impact on water level variation in Suyeong bay. Suyeong bay has a narrow inlet channel where is flood dominance caused by rainfall. The effect of typhoons which make a serious

The deformation properties of a TiC-Mo eutectic composite were investigated in a compression test at temperaturesranging from room temperature to 2053K and at strain rates ranging from 3.9×10−5s−1 to 4.9×10−3s−1. It was found that thismaterial shows excellent high-temperature strength as well as appreciable room-temperature toughness, suggesting that thematerial is a good candidate for high-temperature application as a structure material. At a low-temperature, high strength isobserved. The deformation behavior is different among the three temperature ranges tested here, i.e., low, intermediate and high.At an intermediate temperature, no yield drop occurs, and from the beginning the work hardening level is high. At a hightemperature, a yield drop occurs again, after which deformation proceeds with nearly constant stress. The temperature- andyield-stress-dependence of the strain is the strongest in this case among the three temperature ranges. The observed high-temperature deformation behavior suggests that the excellent high-temperature strength is due to the constraining of thedeformation in the Mo phase by the thin TiC components, which is considerably stronger than bulk TiC. It is also concludedthat the appreciable room-temperature toughness is ascribed to the frequent branching of crack paths as well as to the plasticdeformation of the Mo phase.

농업적, 환경적, 경제적 및 사회적인 이익으로 농업생명공학에 의한 유전자변형(GM) 작물의 재배는 점차 증가되고 있다.국내에서도 주요 작물을 대상으로 유용 GM작물이 개발되고있으며, 최근 Choline kinase 유전자(OsCK1)가 도입된 병저항성 형질전환벼가 개발되었다. GMO의 안전성과 관련하여, 표시제의 시행 또는 사후 이력추적을 위해서 검정법이 필수적으로 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서 각 134, 306, 243bp의 PCR증폭산물을 갖는 유전자 특이, 구조 특이 및 이벤트 특이primer를 병저항성(OsCK1) GM벼의 검출에 사용하였고, 다른어떤 작물에서도 반응산물을 나타내지 않았다. 이벤트 특이primer CKRB32-1/02-2를 사용한 정성 duplex PCR을 통해서OsCK1 GM벼에 대한 검출한계(LOD)가 0.05%임이 확인되었다. Real-time PCR을 이용한 정량검정을 위해서 벼 내재유전자 염기와 OsCK1 GM벼의 5’-인접염기를 갖는 pSPSCKR을표준물질로 제조하였고, 10 copies 범위까지 정량검출이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 도출된 real-time PCR 방법의 정확성 및 정밀성을 확인하고자 0.5, 1, 3, 5 및 10%로 GM시료에 대하여 정량 분석하였으며, 표준편차 및 상대표준변이가 20% 내로 확인되었다. 이상의 결과로, 개발된 이벤트 특이정성 및 정량 PCR 방법이 OsCK1 GM벼의 사후 GMO 모니터링 및 이력추적에 효과적으로 적용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Recently, steel structures have increasingly been required to have sufficient deformability because they are subjected to progressive or abrupt displacement arising from structure loading itself, earthquake, and ground movement in their service environment. In this study, high-strength low-carbon bainitic steel specimens with enhanced deformability were fabricated by varying thermo-mechanical control process conditions consisting of controlled rolling and accelerated cooling, and then tensile and Charpy V-notch impact tests were conducted to investigate the correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties such as strength, deformability, and low-temperature toughness. Low-temperature transformation phases, i.e. granular bainite (GB), degenerate upper bainite(DUB), lower bainite(LB) and lath martensite(LM), together with fine polygonal ferrite(PF) were well developed, and the microstructural evolution was more critically affected by start and finish cooling temperatures than by finish rolling temperature. The steel specimens start-cooled at higher temperature had the best combination of strength and deformability because of the appropriate mixture of fine PF and low-temperature transformation phases such as GB, DUB, and LB/LM. On the other hand, the steel specimens start-cooled at lower temperature and finish-cooled at higher temperature exhibited a good low-temperature toughness because the interphase boundaries between the low-temperature transformation phases and/or PF act as beneficial barriers to cleavage crack propagation.

본 논문에서는 건물의 횡방향 구조반응을 평가하기 위한 변형률 기반의 모니터링 기법이 제시되고, 이에 대한 기초 연구로써, 구조해석을 통해 제안된 기법을 검증한다. 광섬유 격자 센서(fiber Bragg grating, FBG)는 일반 변형률 센서와 비교하여 내구성이 뛰어날 뿐 아니라 높은 샘플링 수와 여러 지점을 동시에 계측할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 이러한 특성 때문에 FBG 센서는 구조 모니터링을 위해 많은 센서가 요구되는 건물의 모니터링에 적합하다. 본 연구에서 FBG 센서는 수직 부재의 변형률을 계측하며, 이는 해당 부재의 곡률을 평가한다. 이러한 곡률은 횡변위와 횡가속도를 평가하는데 사용된다. 추가적으로 횡방향 가속도는 frequency domain decomposition(FDD) 기법을 이용하여 구조물의 고유진동수와 모드형상을 추정하는데 사용된다. 9층 철골모멘트 골조 예제의 적용을 통해, 제시된 기법이 건물의 다양한 횡방향 구조 반응과 동적 특성을 평가하는데 적절함을 확인하였다.

The prefix 'bio' with the meaning of 'life,' has been used for biotechnology, biochemistry, bioengineering, biomedicine, bioethics, bio-information as well as 'bio art' since 1990s. Bio art is an art as life itself and a kind of new direction in contemporary art that manipulates the processes of life. Bio artists use the properties of life and materials as scientists in laboratory of biology, and change organisms within their own species, of invents life with new characteristics. Technologically and socio-culturally, bio art has been connected with bioengineering. This essay is on the bio art that use vegetables, and on the specified gaze of so-called 'Sci-Artists.' Not only the genetically modified vegetables like works of George Gessert, Ackroyd & Harvey, and Eduardo Kac, but also the works made from the critical viewpoint like those of Paul Vanouse, Natalie Jeremijenko, and Amy Youngs, have 'the molecular gaze'(Suzanne Anker and Dorothy Nelkin's concept) of the genetic age in their art works. As the art history have showed, artists' gazes have insights about social problems that surround us. Bioartists' gazes reveal their insights about social and ethical problems, possibly concealed by science itself. Those problems are about results from practical discoveries of the sequencing of the genome, genetic engineering, cloning and reproduction of human and animals, body transformation, and the commercialization of cell and genes etc. We can find the significance of bioart in the molecular gaze about those problems, and we can rethink the identity of human, the reception of social influences from bio-technology and medicine.

As the Sewer Pipe is transformed by the expansion of life cycle as a result of the technology development, flexible pipe is developed by the transformed environmental conditions. To change pipe design, three phases(compaction ration - inner deflection ratio - ring stiffness) should be considered in design conditions. The input data of pipe design were provided by compaction-inner deflection ratio-ring stiffness. M oreover, The guidelines of sewerage pipes should be considered by flexible pipes design criteria.

This study investigates the stress-strain relations of internally confined hollow concrete filled tube pier reinforced with GFRP tube by uniaxial compression test. The confined concrete subjected multi-axial stresses have been known as the strength of concrete increases significantly. Many researchers have studied in confining effects of CFT which have only outer GFRP tube. In this study, specimens reinforced with outer and inner GFRP tube were tested by uniaxial compression test. To investigate the influence of concrete strength increase by confining conditions in GFRP tube, 13 specimens with different thickness of tube, hollowness ratio and nominal concrete strength were tested and compared with Steel tube.

In this paper, an efficient yet accurate method for the thermal stress analysis using a first order shear deformation theory(FSDT) is presented. The main objective herein is to systematically modify transverse shear strain energy through the mixed variational theorem(MVT). In the mixed formulation, independent transverse shear stresses are taken from the efficient higher-order zigzag plate theory, and the in-plane displacements are assumed to be those of the FSDT. Moreover, a smooth parabolic distribution through the thickness is assumed in the transverse normal displacement field in order to consider a transverse normal deformation. The resulting strain energy expression is referred to as an enhanced first order shear deformation theory, which is obtained via the mixed variational theorem with transverse normal deformation effect(EFSDTM_TN). The EFSDTM_TN has the same computational advantage as the FSDT_TN(FSDT with transverse normal deformation effect) does, which allows us to improve the through-the-thickness distributions of displacements and stresses via the recovery procedure. The thermal stresses obtained by the present theory are compared with those of the FSDT_TN and three-dimensional elasticity.

This study investigated the behaviors of the gabled hyperbolic paraboloid shell structure subjected to differential settlement and the horizontal displacement due to the elongation of tie rod/beam on supports. Two types of shell structure with different roof slopes are used in study; conventional type which has perimeter beams around the shell panel, and simple type which removes the edge beams along the slab edge line. The effect of the removal of edge beam under vertical or horizontal displacement on supports, and the roof slope was compared using the finite element analysis.

Of many approaches to reduce motion analysis errors, the compensation method of anatomical landmarks estimates the position of anatomical landmarks during motion. The method models the position of anatomical landmarks with joint angle or skin marker displacement using the data of the so-called dynamic calibration in which anatomical landmark positions are calibrated in ad hoc motions. Then the anatomical landmark positions are calibrated in target motions using the model. This study applies the compensation methods with joint angle and skin marker displacement to three lower extremity motions (walking, sit-to-stand/ stand-to-sit, and step up/down) in ten healthy males and compares their performance. To compare the performance of the methods, two sets of kinematic variables were calculated using different two marker clusters, and the difference was obtained. Results showed that the compensation method with skin marker displacement had less differences by 30~60% compared to without compensation. And, it had significantly less difference in some kinematic variables (7 of 18) by 25~40% compared to the compensa- tion method with joint angle. This study supports that compensation with skin marker displacement reduced the motion analysis STA errors more reliably than with joint angle in lower extremity motion analysis.

전파를 이용한 실내 위치인식 기술은 현재 다양한 환경에서 연구되고 있다. 그 중 철골구조로 이루어진 선박은 전파의 반사에 의해 수신율은 높지만 레인징 오차가 크게 발생한다. 이러한 환경에서 발생하는 위치측정 오차를 줄이기 위하여 본 연구에서는 IEEE 802.15.4a의 CSS 기반으로 변형 이변측위와 초전센서를 이용한 선내 위치인식보정 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 시스템은 선내 복도와 같은 좁은 통로에서 CSS의 특성분석을 통하여 이동노드와 고정노드 사이의 적합한 수신거리를 추정하여 고정노드의 수를 줄이고 또한 전파의 반사와 회절에 의한 레인징 오차가 크게 변동하는 코너영역에서 제안한 변형 이변측위기법과 초전센서를 이용하여 이동구간을 추적하여 위치를 인식하였다. 실험결과 제안한 알고리즘이 일반적인 방법 대비 86.2 %의 선내 위치인식 정확도와 효율이 향상됨을 확인하였다.

생명공학기술의 발전과 더불어 개발된 유전자변형생물체(Living Modified Organisms, LMO)는 인류가 직면하고 있는 각종 문제점을 해결하기 위한 대안으로 떠오르고 있으며 점점 다양하게 연구개발 되는 LMO의 수출입 안전관리를 위하여 ｢유전자변형생물체의국가간이동등에관한법률(LMO법)｣이 제정되었다. 동 법에 따라 교육과학기술부는 시험･연구용 LMO수출입 안전관리업무를 담당하고 있다. 시험･연구용 LMO란 시험･연구용으로 사용하기 위하여 연구시설에서 이용되는 유전자변형생물체를 말하며 “연구시설”이라 함은 유전자변형생물체 개발과 실험을 위하여 유전자변형생물체가 인체 및 외부환경에 미칠 수 있는 영향을 효과적으로 제어･조절할 수 있도록 마련된 시설, 장치 또는 여타 물리적 구조물을 말한다. LMO법에 따라 유전자변형생물체를 개발하거나 이를 이용하는 실험을 실시하는 연구자는 1,2등급 연구시설의 경우 교육과학기술부장관에게 시설신고를 해야 하며 개발･실험하는 유전자변형생물체의 위해성 및 개발･실험의 위험성을 펑가하여 연구시설의 안전관리 등급별 설치･운영 기준을 준수하여야 한다. 또한 시험･연구용으로 사용하기 위하여 유전자변형생물체를 수입하는 경우에도 교육과학기술부 장관에게 수입신고를 하여야 한다. 그러나 국내 생명공학 관련 연구가 유전자변형 및 재조합을 기본적으로 한다 해도 과언이 아니지만 아직도 많은 연구자들이 법 발효와 시설 및 수입신고, 연구시설 운영 기준 준수 등에 대한 인식이 부족한 실정이다. 본 발표에서는 유전자변형생물체 연구자들이 준수해야할 법적인 사항을 소개하고 1,2등급 LMO연구시설의 설치･운영 등 시험･연구용 유전자변형생물체 안전 관리 현황을 소개하고자 한다.