Acoustic surveys were conducted in the seas surround the South Korea (South Sea A, South Sea B (waters around the Jeju Island), West Sea and East Sea) in spring and autumn in 2016. First, the vertical and horizontal distributions of fisheries resources animals were examined. In most cases vertical acoustic biomass was high in surface water and mid-water layers other than South Sea A in autumn and West Sea. The highest vertical acoustic biomass showed at the depth of 70-80 m in the South Sea A in spring (274.4 m2/nmi2) and the lowest one was 10-20 m in the West Sea in autumn (0.4 m2/nmi2). With regard to the horizontal distributions of fisheries resources animals, in the South Sea A, the acoustic biomass was high in eastern and central part of the South Sea and the northeast of Jeju Island (505.4-4099.1 m2/nmi2) in spring while it was high in eastern South Sea and the coastal water of Yeosu in autumn (1046.9-2958.3 m2/nmi2). In the South Sea B, the acoustic biomass was occurred high in the southern and western seas of Jeju Island in spring (201.0-1444.9 m2/nmi2) and in the southern of Jeju Island in autumn (203.7-1440.9 m2/nmi2). On the other hand, the West Sea showed very low acoustic biomass in spring (average NASC of 1.1 m2/nmi2), yet high acoustic biomass in the vicinity of 37 N in autumn (562.6-3764.2 m2/nmi2). The East Sea had high acoustic biomass in the coastal seas of Busan, Ulsan and Pohang in spring (258.7~976.4 m2/nmi2) and of Goseong, Gangneung, Donghae, Pohang and Busan in autumn (267.3-1196.3 m2/nmi2). During survey periods, fish schools were observed only in the South Sea A and the East Sea in spring and the West Sea in autumn. Fish schools in the South Sea A in spring were small size (333.2 ± 763.2 m2) but had a strong SV (–49.5 ± 5.3 dB). In the East Sea, fish schools in spring had low SV (–60.5 ± 14.5 dB) yet had large sizes (537.9 ± 1111.5 m2) and were distributed in the deep water depth (83.5 ± 33.5 m). Fish schools in the West Sea in autumn had strong SV (–49.6 ± 7.4 dB) and large sizes (507.1 ± 941.8 m2). It was the first time for three seas surrounded South Korea to be conducted by acoustic surveys to understand the distribution and aggregation characteristics of fisheries resources animals. The results of this study would be beneficially used for planning a future survey combined acoustic method and mid-water trawling, particularly deciding a survey location, a time period, and a targeting water depth.

The ultimate goal of seawater reverse osmosis brine management is to achieve minimal liquid discharge while recovering valuable resources. The suitability of an integrated system of membrane distillation (MD) with sorption for the recovery of rubidium (Rb⁺) and simultaneous SWRO brine volume reduction has been evaluated for the first time. Polymer encapsulated potassium copper hexacyanoferrate (KCuFC(PAN)) sorbent exhibited a good selectivity for Rb⁺ sorption. The integrated MD-KCuFC (PAN) system with periodic membrane cleaning, enabled 65% water recovery. A stable MD permeate flux was achieved with good quality permeate. KCuFC (PAN) showed a high regeneration and reuse capacity. Ammonium chloride air stripping followed by resorcinol formaldehyde resin filtration enabled to recover Rb⁺ from the desorbed solution.

수산자원보호해역의 계절 및 해역별 식물플랑크톤 군집특성을 파악하기 위해, 2016년 천수만, 통영(I, II), 한산만, 진동만에서 식물플랑크톤 군집조성, 현존량 및 우점종을 조사하였다. 조사결과, 대부분의 환경요인(수온, 염분, 영양염류)은 계절적인 변화가 뚜렷한 반면 부유물질은 해역별 차이를 보였다. 식물플랑크톤 현존량은 평균 13 ~ 4,062 cells·ml-1의 범위로 조사시기 및 해역에 따라 큰 변동범위를 보였다. 특히 천수만은 4월과 10월에 식물플랑크톤 대량증식(>103 cells·ml-1)이 발생하였고, 우점종인 Skeletonema spp.(4월)와 Chaetoceros socialis(10월)가 시기적인 차이를 보였다. 조사해역의 식물플랑크톤 우점종은 Pseudo-nitzschia spp., Skeletonema spp., Chaetoceros pseudocriniuts 등의 돌말류와 와편모류인 Scrippsiella trochoidea, Tripos furca 등이 출현하였다. 계절적으로는 돌말류가 동·추계에 우점하는 반면 와편모류가 춘·하계에 우점하는 일반적인 연안특성을 보였다. 단, 지역적으로는 고탁도 해역인 서해에 위치한 천수만이 남해 해역 보다 돌말류가 차지하는 비율이 9 ~ 27%가 높았다.

Currently, satellite images act as essential and important data in water resources, environment, and ecology as well as information of geographic information system. In this paper, we will investigate basic characteristics of satellite images, especially application examples in water resources. In recent years, researches on spatial and temporal characteristics of large-scale regions utilizing the advantages of satellite imagery have been actively conducted for fundamental hydrological components such as evapotranspiration, soil moisture and natural disasters such as drought, flood, and heavy snow. Furthermore, it is possible to analyze temporal and spatial characteristics such as vegetation characteristics, plant production, net primary production, turbidity of water bodies, chlorophyll concentration, and water quality by using various image information utilizing various sensor information of satellites. Korea is planning to launch a satellite for water resources and environment in the near future, so various researches are expected to be activated on this field.

In fisheries, as well as in other natural resource-based industries, there is difference between profit and rent. The former is a basic indicator for gauging the business performance of firms, while the latter is for the evaluation of the contribution of resources and industry to economic welfare. Put simply, resource economists are mainly concerned about rent, including pure resource rent and producer surplus (intra-marginal rent [IMR]). In other hand, business economists are mainly concerned about the profitability of the firms comprising the industry. In the academic literature, there are not always clear definitions of the profit and rent concepts and their use in actual analyses. This article will mainly discuss and clarify differences and similarities in profit and rent concepts. In the classical fisheries economic model with one-dimensional homogenous effort and a constant cost per unit of effort, no rent exists in open-access equilibrium. A simple change in this model, for example by introducing heterogeneous effort, opens it to the existence of rent, specifically IMR, at open-access equilibrium. We estimated resource rent and profit from the data using SNA(system of national accounts) and accounting data methods. RR(resource rent) is composed of value-added, compensation of employees, consumption of fixed capital and normal profit in SNA. RR(resource rent) is composed of EBT, Depreciation of fishing rights, financial costs of fishing rights and calculated interests on equity in accounting data methods. We found that the result of two methods is equal. RR is composed of excess profit, rent and interest expenses. In Korea, the magnitude of RR and profit is not different significantly.

지역의 대표적인 고용 및 일자리창출 수단 중 하나가 인재를 양성하여 고용율을 제고하는 지역인적자 원개발 정책이다. 최근 우리나라는 지역분권화 논의가 확산되고 있다. 그러나 지역 산업특성을 반영하여 지역인적자원개발을 살펴본 연구는 많지 않으며, 특히 직·간접적인 이해관계가 있는 노사정 주체들을 중심으로 지역인적자원개발을 분석한 연구는 드물다. 따라서 본 논문은 지역 주체들이 전략적 선택으로 지역인적자원개발을 추진할 때 성과뿐만 아니라 사업의 지속성이 담보될 수 있음을 광양만권HRD센터 사례로 보이려고 한다. 분석결과 광양지역 환경은 제철, 조선, 석유·화학, 발전소 등 중공업이 발달하여 숙련된 용접기술이 유 용하게 활용되고 있었다. 또한 지역 환경을 고려하여 노사정 주체들은 자신들의 이해를 제고하기 위해 인적자원개발을 전략적으로 선택했다. 먼저 노조는 조직 확대 및 지역 발언권(voice) 강화, 재정지원 확보, 일자리 확보 및 노조 충성도를 제고하고, 둘째 사용자는 원청으로부터 지속적 수주 획득, 계약기간내 공사 완료 및 수주 악화 방지, 안정적 기능공을 확보하며, 셋째 광양시는 고용율 70% 달성 및 민선시장 연임, 평생교육시설 확보, 온건노조를 확보하여 안정적 노사관계 형성, 고정적인 취업처 확보를 위해 전략적 수단으로 광양만권HRD센터 설립을 추진했다. 광양만권HRD센터가 제도화 된 이후 교육대상, 교육기간, 커리큘럼 등이 안정적이고 체계적으로 운영되고 있다. 또한 성과의 경우 훈련생들은 광양만권HRD센터의 인적자원개발 프로그램에 높은 만족도를 보였고, 수료생의 94%가 정규직으로 채용되는 등 높은 취업률을 달성했다. 이외에 센터는 정부로부터 우수한 인적자원개발 기관으로 평가받았다. 본 논문은 이런 연구결 과를 바탕으로 이론적·정책적 시사점을 도출하였고, 논문한계를 바탕으로 향후 연구과제를 제시했다.

본 연구는 다국적기업 본사-해외자회사 간 권력 관계가 자원의존 관계의 영향을 받는다는 점에 주목하고 자원 의존이론 관점에서 본사와 해외자회사 간의 자원의존성(해외자회사 상대적 규모, 본사-해외자회사 간 자원이전) 이 자회사 CEO 현지화에 미치는 영향을 실증분석하였다. 2000년부터 2015년까지 89개 미국 S&P 500 기업의 105개 단독소유 한국 자회사를 대상으로 현지인 CEO 임명 여부를 종속변수로 하여 실증분석을 수행한 결과, 해외자회사의 상대적 규모가 클수록 현지인을 자회사 CEO로 임명하는 것으로 나타났다. 본사와 해외자회사 간의 자원이전 역시 자회사 CEO 임명에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 해외자회사가 다국적기업 본사에 자원을 제공하는 수준이 높을수록 현지인을 자회사 CEO로 임명하는 반면, 해외자회사가 다국적기업 본사로부터 자원을 조달하는 수준이 높을수록 본사파견 CEO를 임명하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 해외자회사가 본사로부터 자원을 조달하는 수준보다 해외자회사가 본사에 자원을 제공하는 수준이 높을수록 자회사 CEO 현지화 경향이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 한편 해외자회사 상대적 규모와 본사-자회사 간 자원이전의 상호작용 효과는 자회사 CEO 임명에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인된다. 해외자회사의 상대적 규모가 자회사 CEO 현지화에 미치는 영향은 자회 사가 본사로부터 자원을 조달하는 수준이 높을수록 약화되는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 해외자회사가 본사로부터 자원을 조달하는 수준 보다 본사에 자원을 제공하는 수준이 높을수록 해외자회사의 상대적 규모가 자회사 CEO 현지화에 미치는 영향은 강화되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 본사와 해외자회사 간 자원이전의 방향에 따라 자회사 CEO 현지화에 미치는 영향이 다르다는 것을 규명하였다는 점에서 이론적 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Rice fields are important stopover sites for the conservation of shorebirds during long-distance migration. These fields serve as food sources providing energy for the next leg of the journey. Shorebirds are able to change their preferred food source at stopover sites. However, the type and distribution of food resources remain unknown for the shorebirds in the Republic of Korea. Therefore, we studied the type and distribution pattern of food resource (macroinvertebrates, remaining rice, and other seeds) for shorebirds in the rice fields. We have identified potential and actual food sources for shorebirds in the rice fields. The potential food sources were collected by using a core-sampling method and the actual food source was ascertained by observational analysis. As a result, a total 19 species of benthic macroinvertebrates in 15 families were recorded as potential food sources. A total of 9 families in 9 orders of benthic macroinvertebrates known to be actual food sources were also recorded during the study period, including loaches, and a tuber of sea club rush. Also, the distribution of the food source depended on soil conditions generated by cultivation such as plowing, harrowing, and the use of pesticides. In the present study, we identified the type and distribution of food sources for shorebirds. This information can be used as essential primary baseline data for conservation of shorebirds using the rice fields of the Republic of Korea.

This study was carried out in Suwon-central plain, and Cheorwon, mid-northern plain of Korea to evaluate agricultural characteristics including heading date and yield component for North Korean rice germplasm. The difference between two regions of the heading dates of germplasm was recognized the significance and early matured group growing in Cheorwon tended to flower earlier than that of Suwon while mid-early matured group showed an opposite result. The other agricultural characteristics such as culm length, panicle length, number of panicles per hill, number of grains per panicle, and ripened grain ratio, of the two regions of all traits were highly significant, especially culm length and panicle length in Suwon were longer than those were growing in Cheorwon. Number of panicles per hill and number of grains per panicle in Suwon were more than that were growing in Cheorwon, and ripened grain ratio in Suwon was higher than that of Cheorwon. The another difference between both the regions, of 1000-grain weight was not significant while the effect of interaction between the regions and variety was highly significant. Whereas brown/rough rice ratio and milled rice yield were highly significant; higher in Cheorwon for brown/rough rice ratio and in Suwon of milled rice yield. Additionally, the results concluded that, the North Korean rice germplasm showed susceptible response to bacterial leaf blight(BLB) races such as K2. K3, and K3a but more than mid-range resistant response to rice blast.

This article study the Letter of Collection(LOC) of U.S. National Cancer Institute(NCI) and the INBio-Merck Agreement as a international cases of the Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit- Sharing. These cases have the matching parts to the provisions of concern international norms. But, these cases not reflected the provisions of international norm because they concluded before 2010. So access to genetic resources and benefit sharing agreement will be concluded in the future must include the following contents. First, the provisions of the provider and the user of genetic resources as a parties of benefit sharing agreement. Second, the provisions of participation of stakeholders. Third, the provisions of prior informed consent. Prior informed consent must provide basic principles, elements, competent national authority granting and information of procedures for obtaining prior informed consent. Fourth, the provisions of mutually agreed terms. Fifth, the incentive measures could be used in the implementation for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, to promote accountability of access and benefit sharing, to provide for national monitoring and reporting.

In the international businesses human resource elements acquired in different countries might have different values in varied industries due to the different quality of education and experiences in the original countries. Using selection models to evaluate expected values in earnings equation of human resource elements such as education and experiences etc. acquired in sending countries, system equations are expanded to examine also the values of science and engineering degrees in technology jobs with selectivity bias correction. This paper used the US census survey data of 2015 on earnings, academic degrees, occupations etc. The US has long maintained the policy of accepting more STEM workers than any other countries and helped maintaining own technological leadership. Assuming per capita GDP gap between the sending country and the US downgrades immigrant human resource quality, it rarely affects occupational selection but depresses earnings on average by two or more years’ worth of education. Immigrant quality index in the sense of GDP gap appears to be a valid tool to assess the expected earnings of the worker with. Engineering degrees increase significantly the probability of selecting not only engineering jobs but also general management jobs, as well as increasing the expected earning additionally over nine years’worth of education. Getting a technology job is additionally worth about four years of education. Economics and business degrees are worth additionally almost six years of education but humanities degrees depress expected earnings. Since years after immigration does not very fast enhance earnings capacity, education level and English language ability might be more useful criteria to expect better future earnings by.

본 연구는 경북 동남부 지역 소재 자동차부품사들의 발전 방안을 전략적 인적자원관리 측면에서 논의 하였다. 이를 위해서, 기업의 생존과 성장에서 인적자원관리의 중요성을 전략적 인적자원관리 측면에서 문헌정리를 실시하고, 문헌정리 결과를 바탕으로 개방형 설문항목을 구성하였다. 완성된 개방형 설문을 활용하여 경북 동남부 소재 자동차부품 소속 인사담당자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고, 이를 내용분석 방법으로 분석하였다. 분석결과를 토대로 하여, 노동시장 및 채용 측면, 교육 ․ 훈련 측면, 평가 ․ 보상 측면, 승진 측면, 퇴직관리 측면으로 향후 기업과 산업 발전을 위한 다각적인 방향의 정책적 제안을 제시하였다.

본 연구에서는 모바일 환경에서의 스마트 디바이스를 통한 콘텐츠 및 저작물 등을 감상하는 시대가 되었지만, 저작권 보호와 이에 따른 기술적 조치는 상대적으로 미흡한 현 시장 환경에서 국내 스마트 디바이스 산업 현황에 대한 정량적 연구를 기반으로 하여 IoT 디바이스 시장에서 저작권 기술에 대한 프레임워크를 제시하고자 하며, 최적의 자원효율적인 저 작권 기술 프로세스에 대한 제안과 더불어 핵심 기술로의 활용 전망과 저작권 기술의 구동에 대한 기대성과를 제시하고자 한다.

The natural resources of Jeju are recognized as the new regional image of that clean island. Reflecting these trends, this study is initiated to develop a textile design with the motive of persimmon, a natural resource of Jeju, and to apply it to infant’s and children’s clothes. Its purpose is to highlight the image of persimmon, a traditional dye, as a regional signature for Jeju. Product development procedure included, understanding the use of persimmon for fashion products, analyzing Infants’ and Children’s designer collections over the last three seasons (focused on 2014S/S, 2015S/S, and 2016S/S), and surveying the Children’s Clothes market for persimmon dyeing in Jeju. The conclusion was that, the natural resources of Jeju are highly valuable, and should be applied to textile design and apparel products for children. Utilizing Jeju persimmon was actively studied, but, the market for the Jeju persimmon natural - dyeing products is extremely limited. Moreover, the apparel products for infants and children represent old-fashioned styles, despite their higher prices. Therefore, using the formative characteristics of persimmon for each theme was suggested for development of patterns for textile design. Pattern designs were expressed using textured textile screen-printing, embroidery and appliqué for infants’ and children’s clothes. In this study, a total of 10 items were prepared as apparel products for infants and children. All items were designed considering mix-and-match, potential, with each other or with regular mass-market products. These results are expected to contribute to highlighting the unique image of Jeju and to help promote fashion culture products.

A field trial was conducted for two consecutive seasons (2013/14 and 2014/15), at the Gezira Research Station, Wad Medani, Sudan, to evaluate the agronomic performance of fourteen early maturing soybean germplasm introduced from USA, South Korea, Vietnam, Taiwan, and Croatia, under irrigated cropping environment. Highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.0001) were detected among the fourteen varieties for the eight agronomic traits in 2013/14 and 2014/15. Over the two seasons, Vietnam coll. 1 had the high grain yield (945 kg/ha), followed by N04-9859 (828 kg/ha) and AGS 327 (798 kg/ ha). Days to maturity ranged from 71 to 86 days over the two seasons. In both seasons, Vietnam coll. 1 and AGS 327 had the high agronomic performance in fodder yield, plant height and height to first pod. The agronomic performance of Vietnam coll. 1 and AGS 327 provides a clear example of the adaptability of tropical soybean germplasm to irrigated environments in Sudan comparing to other temperate germplams. The relative high yield of Vietnam coll. 1 and AGS 327 can be maximized by increasing plant populations/unit area. The unique soybean germplasm from the southern US and South Korea is valuable genetics resource for soybean germplasms at Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), Sudan to broaden the genetic base of the released soybean varieties through introgression of potentially useful genes for drought-related and nutritional quality traits.

In the past years, few grain sorghum varieties with limited yield potential have been developed and grown in Korea. Hybrids tend to be more productive and resistive to unfavorable environmental conditions than pure line varieties. However, no hybrid cultivars are available and never have been planted for grain sorghum in Korea. The main aims of this study were to (i) verify if US x Korean and US x US hybrids increase grain yield in Korea; (ii) assess the performance of waxy hybrids in Korea and the US; (iii) estimate general combining ability and specific combining ability for the lines studied; and (iv) identify superior lines and hybrids for future use in breeding. Two distinct sets of waxy-endosperm sorghum hybrids derived from Korean landraces and US lines (Texas A&M University) were tested in the US and Korea. Compared to the parental lines, hybrids derived from US lines and Korean landraces showed yield increase that ranged from 2% to 127%. Hybrids created from US lines showed higher heterosis than US x Korean hybrids. Hybrid vigor was observed in the US and Korea, but shifts in ranks of hybrid performance occurred. The results indicate that it is feasible to develop grain sorghum hybrids adapted to Korean conditions only if delibrate selections take place in Korea. A combination of Korean and US sources could provide an acceptable germplasm base for developing Korean landrace based sorghum hybrids.

본 연구는 우리나라 보험산업 인적자원의 질적인 개선이 효율성의 변화에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 분 석하고자 한다. 인적자원의 개선은 산업의 교육투자 정도를 반영하는 척도로서 산업에 투입된 인적자원 에 포함된 교육투자를 반영하는 것으로 이를 반영하는 교육기간을 기본변수로 하여 우리나라 보험산업에 의 인적자원이 교육을 통한 질적인 향상으로 인하여 효율성에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 효율성 을 측정하는 방식으로는 자료포락방식(DEA)을 이용하여 한국 생명보험산업과 손해보험산업의 효율성을 측정하였다. 효율성의 변화에 대해 영향을 주는 인적자원의 질적인 개선과 기타 요인들의 영향을 분석하 였다. 우리나라 보험산업에서는 전체적으로 상대적 효율성이 증가추세를 갖고 있었고 효율성변화에 영향 을 주는 요인으로 인적자원의 질적인 개선이 손해보험산업에서는 효율성 증가에 기여하는 결과로 나타나 고 있으나 생명보험산업에서는 효율성에 부정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 기타 요인으로 무역 자유화에는 두 산업에서 매우 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 정책적 함의는 우리나라 보험산업 인적자 원의 질적인 개선의 영향이 손해보험산업과 생명보험산업에 다르게 나타나고 있으므로 인적자원 개선을 위한 차별화된 대응방안이 필요하다는 점이 지적되고 인적자원의 질적인 개선을 통한 보험산업의 경쟁력 제고방안에 대한 차별화된 정책적인 대응이 요구된다.