This paper focuses on A. R. Ammons's vision of plants and fungi in the light of ecology and post-modernism. Ammons incorporated ecological and post-modern symbol of plants and fungi including lichen, moss, weed and grass into his poetry. He also recognizes values in the seemingly insignificant, and finds the hidden meanings of the common, the little, the small, the unnoticed, and the lowly. Ammons already disclosed the importance and values of these little things in the ecosystem of nature. While looking at what is lowly, he found the absolute and symbiotic relationship among the lowly, the hidden, and the unnoticed. In general, three kingdoms of classification consist of fungi, plants and animals in scientific terms. In this paper, I chose two kingdoms, which have the symbolic meanings. Ammons values the periphery and the dark over the beautiful, which man prefers. To deconstruct the opposites, he ventures to overturn the artificial or man-made hierarchy of nature. The evidence that Ammons overturned the hierarchy is indicated in that he valued those that are common, unnoticed, lowly, and insignificant in his poetry. This ecological vision of Ammons coincides with the deconstructive strategy of Derrida, in that they both resist aqainst the violent unity by which human reason controls in nature.

The year 2012 is the 20th anniversary year since Korea formed friendly relationships with China. Though Korea and China, China and Korea have exchanged their friendly relationships with each other over thousands of years, the exchanges have been performed the most actively for the recent ten years. Active exchanges which are performed in the economical, cultural, and academic level beyond the field of the political exchanges between Korea and China result in the result to make both countries’ societies abundant. Furthermore such relationships between two countries are expected to play a big role in realizing the peace among Northeast Asian regions. This article was written for two purposes. The first purpose is to describe how important the meanings and roles of religions are in the societies where secularistic values dominate the society, atheistic tendencies become widespread, and the necessity of religions become weakening. The second purpose is to correct the distorted faith that the existing Christianity and the Church free the scope of their faith from the worldly or social level and reduce the faith and responsibility of the Christianity within individuals and the Church and to recover those responsibilities of the Christianity and the Church’s. In this article, the positive aspects connoted within the religions are discussed in the missionary level in the time when negative viewpoints on the social positions and roles of the religions are becoming widespread after the modern society. In the text of this article, the social roles which religions have performed are presented in three perspectives. Three perspectives are roles of the social integration, generation of the morality norms, and the recovery of the social community that contribute to maintenance of the social stability and order. Some encourage is needed to express religions in modernism and postmodern era which claims uselessness and unnecessary of the religion. To mention the meanings and roles of the religion and to communicate with people in missionrestricted areas, this article focuses on attempting conversations about the meanings and roles of Christianity with people who expect the healthy development of the society whether they are religious people or not by trying roundabout approach.

The purpose of this study is to examine the applicability of the economic approach to mission studies. In fact, the economic approach to religion was already attempted by some sociologists and economists. Sociologists noticed the phenomenon of marketization in religion and explained it in terms of the theory of secularization. According to this theory, modernity causes a plurality of worldviews, which in turn reduces religion to a private sphere. As religion becomes a matter of choice, religious decline, they argue, will be inevitable. Since the middle of 20th century, however, they have confronted with a somewhat unexpected situation. Namely, religious resurgence in secularized societies. Contrary to their expectation, not only Islam but also evangelical churches have grown remarkably all over the world. Furthermore, scholars have observed that neoliberalism and free trade also in the late 20th century have been influencing the marketization and privatization in public services, such as law, education, health care, and even religion. All these unexpected situations have requested a new paradigm in religious studies. After all, the socalled new paradigm thinkers attempted to explain all these issues in terms of the economic approach. They concluded that the decline of religion, has nothing to do with secularization. To explain the resurgence of religion in the modern period, furthermore, they have shifted their interest from the demand side to the supply side of religion. For them, religious competition and plurality do not decrease religious vitality; rather, they increase it. To deduce this conclusion, they have used two main key concepts: 1) rational choice theory and 2) religious market model. The former theory assumes that people act rationally to maximize their selfinterest. This applies equally to choices about religion. After evaluating costs and rewards, people decide what religion they will choose. Of course, religious organizations also act rationally in order to increase their membership and maximize their interests. After all, religious deals between religious buyers and suppliers establish religious market. Religious market model has been developed from this context. Then, is it possible to adopt above perspective and theories in mission studies? Simply, we may assume two different positions: 1) positive and 2) negative. The former position considers economic theories in a positive light, focusing on the phenomenon of marketization in mission. In many cases, competition with other religions or among Christian denominations often drive a mission field to a market context. In this context, people choose this religion or that denomination rationally just as they do when choosing a car or buying a computer. To meet their needs and attract more believers, missionaries use various strategies just as commercial firms do. Viewed in the light of economics, the natives and missionaries may correspond to the demand and supply side; religion or denomination can be considered as a religious product or brand. In mission studies, this economic approach will be useful in mapping out the mission strategy. Especially, the religious market model of this approach is very helpful in grasping religious terrain, religious market structure, and degree of government regulation of religion in the mission field. Furthermore, the economic approach can contribute to the study of denominationalism or ecumenics as well in a different angle. For instance, while theologians and missiologists see these issues in terms of ideology or theology, economists of religion see them in terms of a kind of religious cartel or spinoff. This perspective can give mission studies different but more effective insights regarding denominational split or unity. On the contrary, others may have a negative position to adopt the economic approach in mission studies. While the former position prefers to take a social scientific or valuefree attitude, this position prefers to take an ethical or normative attitude, assuming that there is no common ground between Christianity and economics. Especially, they may criticize this economic approach for the reductionist way of thinking in religion. The concept of ‘Homo Economicus’ or universal applicability of the theories also are likely to be criticized. In spite of some controversial issues mentioned above, it is obvious that the economic approach to religion has made great contributions to religious studies. Unfortunately, this approach has not been much discussed so far in mission studies. As we saw before, many areas of mission studies can receive help from the academic achievements of the economic approach to religion. In that sense, I suggest taking further discussion on the economic approach to mission.

인터넷의 규모가 커지면서 주관적인 데이터가 증가하였다. 이에 주관적인 데이터를 자동으로 분류할 필요가 생겼다. 감성 분류는 데이터를 여러 감성 종류에 따라 나누는 것을 말한다. 감성 분류 연구는 크게 자연어 처리와 감성어 사전 구축을 중심으로 이루어져 왔다. 이전의 감성 분류 연구는 자연어 처리 과정에서 형태소 분석이 제대로 이루어지지 않는 문제와 감성어 사전구축 시 등록할 단어를 선별하고 단어의 감성 정도를 정하는 데에 명확한 기준을 정하기 힘든 문제가 있다. 이러한 어려움을 해결하기 위하여 감성 분류에 대용량 데이터와 통계적 접근의 조합을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 단어의 의미를 찾는 대신 수많은 데이터에서 등장하는 표현들의 통계치를 이용하여 감성 판단을 하는 것이다. 이러한 접근은 자연어 처리 알고리즘에 의존하던 이전 연구와 달리 데이터에 집중한다. 대용량 데이터 처리를 위해 하둡과 맵리듀스를 이용한다.

이 글의 목적은 정신적 빈곤과 마음의 병을 치유하기 위한 철학상담의 구체적인 모형을 제시함으로써 철학상담의 본질을 보여주는 데 있다. 2절에서는 질병을 신체의 병과 마음의 병으로 구분하고 철학상담의 대상은 마음의 병이라는 점을 주장한다. 이어서 철학상담의 대상인 되는 마음의 병을 전통적인 철학 분야에 따라 유형별로 구분하고 그 특징을 제시한다. 3절에서는 목적론적 모형(teleological model)이 제시된다. 먼저 목적론적 모형의 이론적 기반인 체화된 마음 이론(theory of embodied mind)과 행위에 대한 목적론적 설명을 설명하고, 이어서 폰 리히트(von Wright)의 행위설명 이론에 기반을 둔 목적론적 치유 모형이 제시된다. 4절에서는 목적론적 모형에 따른 철학상담의 사례를 제시함으로써 철학상담에 대한 목적론적 접근의 특징과 장점이 구체적으로 제시된다.

This paper tried to apply psychosocial factors in industrial safety research. Since Zohar's(1980) publication of safety climate in the field of safety research, this approach have been done by many researchers. Here, this paper reviewed the relationship between safety climate factors(safety rule, prevention, superior attitude, social support) and safety compliance, and the moderating effects of work condition, required skill and age. Based on the responses from 233 employees in Kangwon province industry, hierarchical regressional analysis showed that all safety climate factors(safety rule, prevention, superior attitude, social support) have positive relationship with safety compliance. Safety rule appeared to be more positively related with safety compliance, while work condition is more favorable and worker is older. But social support appeared to be more positively with safety compliance, while work condition is more unfavorable, and also prevention appeared to be more positively with safety compliance, while worker is more younger.

The purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of using Agarum cribrosum as a natural health food source. To accomplish this purpose, the contents of the general and antioxidant activities of Agarum cribrosum were measured. The contents of carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid and ash were 45.4%, 15.0%, 2.3% and 33.1%. The calories of Agarum cribrosum were 262.3 kcal and total dietary fiber of Agarum cribrosum was 34.0%. The protein contained a total of 18 different kinds of amino acids. The content of amino acids was 12, 402.42 ㎎/100 g. The K was the largest mineral followed by Ca, Na and Mg, implying that Agarum cribrosum is an alkali material. The antioxidant activity of Agarum cribrosum was assessed by various radical scavenging assays using DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power), reducing power, and ABTS (2, 2'-azino-bis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)). All antioxidant activity of Agarum cribrosum extract increased the concentration of the dependents. Total phenolic contents of Agarum cribrosum extract were 34.1±2.56 ㎎/g, and total flavonoids contents were estimated at 4.9±0.26 ㎎/g. General nutrients and other antioxidant bioactive materials in Agarum cribrosum were also potential materials for good health food. It is expected that a follow-up study of Agarum cribrosum through developing processed food and evaluation of their functional properties would provide useful information or sources of functional foods.

We propose a new priority discipline called the strict T-preemptive priority discipline, and derive the waiting time distributions of each class in the strict T-preemptive priority M/G/1 queue. Using this queueing analysis, we evaluate the performance of an opportunistic spectrum access in cognitive radio networks, where a communication channel is divided into time slots, a licensed primary user is assigned to one channel, and multiple unlicensed secondary users may opportunistically exploit time slots unused by the primary user. We also present a numerical example of the analysis of the opportunistic spectrum access where the arrival rates and service times distributions of each users are identical.

선거구 구획문제는 선거구를 인구등분, 인접성, 공간적 조밀도 등의 일정한 기준에 따라서 나누는 작업을 말한다. 미국의 경우 의회 선거구는 필수불가결한 요소로 완벽한 인구 등분과 인접성을 헌법으로 요구하고 있다. 그러나 기존의 휴리스틱은 여러 가지 선거구 선정요인들을 동시에 만족시키는데 주력하고 있어 의회선거구에 맞는 완벽한 인구등분을 가진 선거구 플랜을 찾는데 한계를 보이고 있다. 그리하여, 이 논문에서는 의회선거구 구성 요건에 맞는 선거구 구획 연구를 하고자 최적화 연구방법 중 시뮬레이티드 어닐링(모의 담금질 기법) 휴리스틱 기법을 기본 바탕으로 선거구를 구획하였다. 또한 새로운 인접성 방법을 제시하여, 구획연구를 하는데 있어 하나의 접근법으로 제시하고자 한다. 연구 결과 이 논문에서 이용된 기법은 실제 이용 중인 선거구 플랜보다 훨씬 더 인구등분에 가까운 선거구 플랜을 찾아내며, 효과적으로 인접성 문제를 해결하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 새로 개발한 휴리스틱은 다양한 선거구 플랜을 제시하고 있어, 의사결정자들로 하여금 선택의 용이성을 제공하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 시도는 의회 선거구를 구성하는데 있어서 새로운 대안으로 제시될 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 이러한 선거구 선정 연구는 한국의 국회의원 선거구 선정문제에서 인접성과 인구등분의 선정기준을 이용할 시 적용 할 수 있다는데 그 의의가 있다.

The paper reviews properties of hypothesis decision approaches using rejection region and significance probability. The study also presents the guidelines for quality practioners to implement most useful hypothesis testing techniques such as RR(Rejection Region) approach and P-Value approach.

This study was conducted to approach the Korean new food words for the years 1994-2005 from the stance of food ethics. The new food words were categorized into food industry, foodstuffs, cooking, various foods, processed foods, distribution, and consumer health. The principles of food ethics applied to new food words include a respect for life, justice, environmental preservation, priority of safety, and dynamic equilibrium. Seventy percent of new food words were ethically neutral, while 30% had significant ethical meaning. There were more words with a negative ethical meaning than with a positive one. All of the principles, except respect for life, could be successfully applied to new food words. Dynamic equilibrium was the most appropriate principle for the new food words, followed by a priority for safety, justice, and environmental preservation. The results of this study implied that moderation and balance is required in our modern dietary life.