조명나방 유충의 기생천적 종류와 기생률을 조사하기 위해 2009년 10월에서 2010년 4월까지 수원과 홍천, 김제, 대구지역의 옥수수 포장에서 월동중인 조명나 방 유충과 기생천적류를 채집하였다. 각 지역에서 채집된 조명나방 유충과 기생천 적류를 국립식량과학원 야외사육상(수원)에서 계속 야외온도에 노출시키면서 사 육하는 동안 기생천적의 종류 및 기생률 등을 조사하였다. 본 조사결과 Lydella sp. (파리목: 기생파리과), 조명나방살이고치벌 (Macrocentrous cingulum)(벌목: 고치 벌과), 조명나방살이자루맵시벌 (Eriborus terebrans) (벌목: 맵시벌과)은 숙주인 조명나방 유충 몸속에서 유충상태로, Cotesia sp.(벌목: 고치벌과)는 옥수수 줄기 속에서 번데기(고치)상태로 월동을 하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 김제지역에서는 Lydella sp.와 조명나방살이고치벌에 의한 기생률이 각각 약24.1%, 0.9%로 기생 파리에 의한 기생률이 가장 높았으며, 조명나방살이자루맵시벌과 Cotesia sp.는 관찰되지 않았다. 대구 칠곡지역에서는 조명나방살이고치벌에 의한 기생률이 약 2.5%였으며 Lydella sp.와 조명나방살이자루맵시벌은 관찰되지 않았다. 홍천지역 에서는 Lydella sp., 조명나방살이고치벌, 조명나방살이자루맵시벌에 의한 기생률 이 각각 약8.5%, 9.1%, 5.8%로 다른 지역에 비해 전체적으로 높게 나타났다. 수원 지역에서는 Lydella sp.와 조명나방살이고치벌에 의한 기생률이 각각 약1.4%, 3.2%였으나 조명나방살이자루맵시벌은 관찰되지 않았다.

관행관리와 친환경관리를 하는 경북 상주시 공검면 일대 10개의 배과원에서 2005년부터 5년간 사과애모무늬잎말이나방과 사과무늬잎말이나방의 발생을 페 로몬트랩을 이용하여 모니터링하였다. 애모무늬잎말이나방은 5월상순에 월동성 충이 발생이 시작되어 7월상순에 제 1세대성충이 최성기를 보였으며 8월상순~9월 중순에 2세대 성충이 발생하였고 그후 성충은 급감하였다. 년간 누적 발생량의 변 이계수는 약 12%~47% 이내의 과원별 발생량의 차이를 보였다. 사과무늬잎말이 나방은 월동 세대 성충이 5월상순에 월동성충이 발생되어 7월상순에 발생 최성기 를 이루고, 8월상순~9월상순까지 2세대 성충이 최성기를 이루고 9월중순부터는 발생량이 급감하였다. 애모무늬잎말이나방이 사과무늬잎말이나방보다 년간 누적 발생량은 조금 더 많았다. 사과무늬잎말이나방의 과원별 연간 누적 발생량의 변이 계수는 13~55%로 과원별로 발생량의 차이가 매우 컸다. 상주지역 배 과원에서 애 모무늬잎말이나방과 사과무늬잎말나방의 발생량 간에는 상관관계가 나타나지 않 았다.

The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of non-offered meal on waste reduction in foodservice. To this end, the quantity of non-offered meal before and after Quality Improvement(QI) activity was analyzed, and employee satisfaction with foodservice was investigated. Statistical data analyses can be summarized as follows: The daily quantity of non-offered meal decreased significantly after QI(p<0.001)(27.80±3.14㎏ before QI and 7.22±4.17㎏ after QI). Among 7 items related to employee satisfaction, kindness of meal service staffs improved significantly after QI(p<0.05)(4.05±0.74 before QI and 4.21±0.17 after QI). No significant difference was found in the variety of menus, or cooking/seasoning of food, and there seemed to be greater satisfaction with taste of food after QI.

The purpose of this study was to provide basic informations for educating juveniles on desirable body image recognition by examining their body image recognition and comparing and finding problems according togender and body mass index (BMI) in middle school students. The average age of the subjects was 15, their average height was 162.5㎝, their average weight was 53.5㎏, and their average BMI was 20.1㎏/㎡. Male students wanted togain weight and female students wanted to lose weight. As for body shape, female students thought that they were fat more often than male students. Also the more overweight the students were, the higher their concerns and experiences toward weight control. Among weight control methods, exercise scored highest in all BMI groups. Over 80% of the respondents answered that their weight control effort were not systematic such as via professional counseling. As for the frequency of eating breakfast and dinner in female students, the more a student was overweight, the lower their frequency of eating breakfast and dinner. Many respondents answered that a typical meal time was ``10∼20 minutes``. The average eating habit score for all subjects was 38.0. The eating habit scores of male students were significantly higher than those of female students, and there were no significant differences among BMI groups. Eating habit score of ``I have more than two meals with rice everyday`` in female overweight group was significantly higher than those of other two groups. These results indicate that the female students` degree of preference for a slim body shape were higher than those of male students. In addition, weight control by students is not systematic through professional counseling; instead they attempt to control their weight by themselves such as a meal skip, which lead to potential danger that they may lose weight carelessly. Therefore, correct body image recognition is greatly needed, and families and schools should make ceaseless efforts to help students properly control their weight and have correct eating attitudes.

This study was conducted to investigate the dietary behavior of day-care center teachers and their meal attitudes during meal time in Jeonju area. Self administered questionnaires were collected from 266 day-care center teachers who worked in a national(public) or private day-care center. The Statistical data analysis was conducted using SPSS v. 12.0. All subjects were women, and 64.7% were married(p<0.001), over more than 60% were junior college graduates(p<0.05), and 73.7% had salaries greater than 1, 000, 000 won(p<0.001). The breakfast skipping ratio of the subjects was very high, and about 66.5% of the respondents had irregular meals. The snack intake ratios of the subjects in private day-care centers were higher than the subjects in national(public) day-care centers(p<0.001). Approximately 56% of the subjects responded that education about eating is very important for providing balanced nutrition to young children. About 84% of subjects had no experience with the continuing-education program for teachers(p<0.01), and they wanted to know more about balanced nutrition. The meal attitude education score during meal time was 4.53±0.36. The relationship between meal attitude education and the dietary behavior of day-care teachers was significantly different based on the "frequency of overeating"(p<0.05) and "self-recognition of eating habit"(p<0.05). These findings suggest that a nutrition education program for day-care center teachers should be developed so that they can effectively manage meal attitude education for young children and provide good nutrition for themselves.

2009년 말 기준의 국내 해양시설 신고 현황을 지역별 및 시설 종류별로 분석하고 국가차원의 관리방안을 제안하였다. 여수청에 신고한 시설이 8가지 종류로 가장 다양하였으나 포항청, 대산청 및 제주해양관리단에 신고한 시설이 각각 3가지 종류에 불과하였다. 기름 및 유해액체물질 저장시설은 모든 지방청의 신고 실적이 있고 시설의 수도 가장 많은 종류이며, 여수청과 마산청이 각 38개소로 공동 1위를, 평택청이 11개소로 최하위를 차지하였다. 오염물질저장시설은 마산청이 4개소, 동해청과 목포청이 각 2개소, 여수청, 군산청 및 평택청이 각 1개소였으며 나머지 지방청에는 신고 실적이 없었다. 선박건조 수리 해체시설은 모든 지방청의 신고 실적이 있는 종류이며, 전국 시설(조선소)의 45%가 마산청과 부산청 관할의 남해 동부해역에 집중되었다. 하역시설은 부산청과 목포청이 각 3개소, 대산청이 1개소였으며 나머지 지방청은 신고 실적이 없었다. 폐기물저장시설은 울산청이 5개소, 군산청이 4개소, 인천청이 2개소, 여수청이 1개소였으며 나머지 지방청에는 신고 실적이 없었다. 취수 배수시설은 전국의 65%가 포항지역과 목포지역에 집중되었고, 유어장은 전국의 78%가 마산지역에 집중되었다. 그 밖의 시설은 동해청이 4개소, 마산청이 3개소, 여수청과 평택청이 각 2개소, 인천청과 울산청이 각 1개소였으며 나머지 지방청에는 신고 실적이 없었다. 종합해양과학기지는 제주해양관리단이 3개소, 여수청, 울산청 및 군산청 각각 1개소였으나 나머지 지방청에는 신고 실적이 없었다. 해양시설에 대한 국가차원의 관리방안으로는 지방청별 여건을 고려한 관리, 시설 종류별 특성을 고려한 관리, 관계 법령 및 규정의 개정, 해양시설 종류별 이행사항 숙지 및 준수, 국가적 견지의 적극적 관리조치 등을 제안하였다.

This paper presents the occurrence and damage characteristics of the rice leaf-folder populations in the paddy fields of Dangsu-dong, Suwon from 2004 to 2007, and also reports the insecticide response of rice leaf-folder populations, which were collected from 2005 to 2006 in Korea and Vietnam. Laboratory measurements of the head capsule width and body length data enabled the identification of the rice leaf-folder larva stages collected in the field. The rice leaf-folder population in Suwon from 2004 to 2007 has a clear pattern consisting of two different group: the low and high density years. During the low density years (2004 and 2006), only one adult peak was noted in late August, with the damaged-hill percent less than 10% in late July, and the damaged-leaf percent around 2% in September. In contrast, during the high density years (2005 and 2007), two adult peaks were noted in early August and mid-September, with the damaged-hill percent was around 30% in late July, and the damaged-leaf percent 15 to 30% in September, which was beyond the economic injury level of rice leaf-folder. High correlations existed between the occurrence of rice leaf-folder in late July and early August and damages to rice during September. Based on these results, we suggest that the information on the rice leaf-folder population monitored by the adult density or damaged-hill percent in late July and early August would be very useful for predicting the damages later in the season for aiding in decision-making for timely control. In addition, the regional populations of rice leaf-folder showed the similar responses to the insecticides tested: high susceptibility to IGRs (tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide) and organophosphates (chlorpyrifos-methyl, pyridaphenthion), but relatively low to cartap.

The seasonal fluctuation of the large 28-spotted lady beetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky), was observed in potato fields of Gangneung region, Gangwondo Province. The effects of their leaf consumption over a 24 hour period and developmental periods by different temperatures were investigated, and then the developmental threshold (DT) and effective cumulative temperature (ET) of each stage were calculated. Various developmental stages of H. vigintioctomaculata were captured in the fields from May to September, with three peaks in late May, late June, and late August. Leaf consumption by larval stages increased with the development of instar. The 4th instar larvae consumed potato leaves much more than other stages. Egg hatchability and emergence rate of H. vigintioctomaculata were lower at 10℃ and 30℃, but higher at around 20∼23℃. The developmental periods of each stage became shorter as temperature increased, 90 days at 10℃, 40 days at 20℃ and 25 days at 25℃. Base on developmental velocity to temperature, calculated DT and ET were 7.3℃ and 83.

The Probabilistic Traveling Salesman Problem (PTSP) is an important topic in the study of traveling salesman problem and stochastic routing problem. The goal of PTSP is to find a priori tour visiting all customers with a minimum expected length, which sim

Causing by economic stagnation and financial management difficulty of the domestic small and medium business company, the actual condition which enlarges the plan of politic funds increased from the government. The government authority as the SBC (small a

자생 초본식물의 보존과 임간재배에 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자, 가리왕산과 중왕산 지역의 아고산대에 분포하는 천연활엽수림을 중심으로 주요 자생 초본식물의 분포와 입지인자를 조사하고 상호관련성을 분석하였다. 초본식물 분포조사에서는 136종의 초본식물이 확인되었으며, 개별꽃의 상대우점치가 10.8%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 그 밖에 주요 식물종은 벌깨덩굴, 현호색, 참나물, 대사초, 단풍취, 큰개별꽃, 얼레지, 곰취, 만주족도리풀, 피나물, 노루오줌 등 이었다. 노루귀와 단풍취; 참나물과 두메투구꽃; 두메투구꽃과 풀솜대; 벌깨덩굴과 큰개별꽃, 등의 종간에는 매우 높은 정의 상관이 인정되었다. 주요 식물종의 유집분석 결과, 7개의 그룹으로 나뉘어졌다. 주요 자원식물종이 선호하는 입지인자들이 밝혀졌다. 곰취, 단풍취, 박쥐나물, 얼레지, 참나물 등은 해발고가 높을수록 많이 분포하였고, 곰취는 토심이 깊을수록 많이 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 얻어진 결과는 평창군 아고산 천연활엽수림의 보전과 주요 지원식물의 임간재배에 활용할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

본 연구는 강원도 홍천군 지역의 관속식물상을 밝히고 주요 식물들의 분포를 조사하였다. 2008년 4월부터 2009년 5월까지 총 13회에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 그 결과 관속식물은 43목 118과 443속 903종 6아종 125변종 18품종 3교잡종으로 총 1,055분류군이 확인되었다. 그 중 한반도 특산식물은 37분류군이며, 산림청 지정 희귀 및 멸종위기식물이 35분류군 이었고 국외반출 승인대상 식물에는 61분류군이 조사되었다. 또한 환경부 지정 법정 보호식물은 4분류군, 식물구계학적 특정식물종은 224분류군으로 집계되었다. 한편 귀화식물은 45분류군으로 확인되었으며, 귀화율은 4.3%, 도시화지수는 16.1%로 나타났다. 조사된 1,055분류군의 유용도는 식용이 359분류군(34%), 약용 293분류군(27.7%), 목초용 166분류군(15.7%), 관상용 143분류군(13.5%), 목재용 41분류군(3.9%), 섬유용 25분류군(2.3%) 그리고 공업용이 3분류군(0.2%)으로 나타났다.

The club culture is not something unified. Rather, it is a group of subcultures which share intertwined areas. And it keeps its own dress code, dance style, music genre along with series of authoritarian and unlawful rituals. For young adults, a club is a new cultural space to enjoy in reasonable price and they can express themselves without thinking much about others. A club creates its unique mass culture by producing continuously changing and experimental fashion styles. As the club culture’s influence becomes powerful, the club market was established and experimental fashion styles are wide spread among general public, young adults who try to express their unique characters and even fashion-leading industry. The study results are as follows. First, dance club and its derivative, rave is symbolic axles and the center of social activity. They are also defined as culture which is related to specific space that continues to present and change sound and style. Second, the definition of clubber in a dictionary is club member or a person who is united with others. Third, based upon clubbers’fashion styles in Hongdae and Kang-nam areas, there are 5 different images including sexy casual, lingerie, dynamic, chic style and feminine style. Fourth, based upon case study above, to take unique life style of fashionista that leads fashion with trendy fashion style into account, we suggested five designs which are unique, sensitive and trendy. Fifth, through analyzing clubber generation and design factors of clubbers’ fashion style combined with various trend, unique brand was developed to meet the demands of clubbers who want differentiated images and leading styles.

Banchandeungsok is a book written by a person who lived in the Cheongju area located in northern Chungcheong Province. The literature is regarded as a useful source for showing types of local food in the 1910s, so it was purchased by the National Folk Museum in 2007. The writer categorized dishes described in the recipe section of the book into side dishes, snacks, rice cakes, drinks, and miscellaneous. Following this, each category was distinguished by the name of the dish, the main material, the side material, and the cooking method is presented in tables. Thus, the food culture of Chungcheong Province was arranged based on the above categorized contents. The material from the product and the outside which grow spontaneously divided with the product which flows. The case which is a product the outside, went through what kind of process and could flow toward Sangshin village in Cheongju area probably, to observe tried. The area and time were clear Eumsikdimibang and Gyuhapchongseo Jusigui with comparisons. So tried to observe the time of 1910's Cheongju area culture Dietary life time and a regional feature.

This study investigated the preference, intake condition and awareness of Kimchi of 660 elementary students in the Seoul area surveyed during June, 2008. The preference test was performed by using 5-point hedonic scale (1=dislike very much, 5=like very much). The most preferred types of Kimchi were Baechukimchi (4.32), Bossamkimchi (4.08) and Kkakdugi (4,01). The most preferred foods prepared with Kimchi were Kimchi jjige (4.59), Kimchi bokkeumbap (4.47), fried Kimchi (4.35), Kimchi pancake (4,31), Kimchi mandu (4.20) and Kimchi kimbap (4.06). Kimchi pizza (2.88), Kimchi hamburger (2.85) and Kimchi spaghetti (2.81) were not preferred. Most students (62.7%) ate Kimchi at almost every meal. The main reason for eating Kimchi was its delicious taste (50.3%). Concerning intake of Kimchi provided at school lunch, 48.4% of students ate some, 45.9% ate all and 5.8% ate none. Various kinds of Kimchi should be developed for elementary school students to meet their taste.